Yintoni i-polycythemia, oonobangela, indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zePolycythemia
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Izizathu eziphambili zepolycythemia
• Unyango njani

I-Polycythemia ihambelana nokunyuka kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye ii-erythrocyte, egazini, oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-5.4 zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi nge-µL yegazi kwabasetyhini nangaphezulu kwe-5.9 yezigidi zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi nge-L nganye igazi emadodeni.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, igazi liya linyuka ngakumbi, elenza ukuba igazi lijikeleze nzima ngakumbi kwiinqanawa, ezinokubangela ezinye iimpawu, ezinjengentloko, isiyezi kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

I-Polycythemia inokunyangwa kungekuphela nje ukunciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-viscosity yegazi, kodwa kunye nenjongo yokunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuthintela iingxaki, ezinje ngokubethwa sisifo kunye nokuqaqanjelwa yimiphunga.

Iimpawu zePolycythemia

I-Polycythemia ihlala ingazibangeli zimpawu, ngakumbi ukuba ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu akunjalo, kuqatshelwa kuphela kuvavanyo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, umntu unokufumana intloko rhoqo, ukungaboni kakuhle, isikhumba esibomvu, ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nolusu olurhawuzayo, ngakumbi emva kokuhlamba, okunokubonisa i-polycythemia.

Kubalulekile ukuba umntu enze ubalo lwegazi rhoqo kwaye, ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-polycythemia, yiya kwangoko kugqirha, kuba ukwanda kwe-viscosity yegazi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwandisa umngcipheko wokubetha, i-myocardium kunye ne-pulmonary embolism, umzekelo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-polycythemia kwenziwa ngenxa yesiphumo segazi, apho kuqatshelwa khona kungekuphela nje ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu, kodwa kunye nokwanda kwexabiso lehematocrit kunye nehemoglobin. Jonga ukuba zithini ixabiso lokubalwa kwegazi.

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lobalo lwegazi kunye nesiphumo sezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwe ngumntu, i-polycythemia inokuhlelwa:

• Iipolycythemia zaseprayimari, ikwabizwa ngokuba polycythemia veraEsi sisifo semfuza esibonakaliswa yimveliso engaqhelekanga yeseli. Qonda ngakumbi malunga ne-polycythemia vera;
• I-polycythemia ehambelana nayo, ephawuleka ngokwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngenxa yokwehla kwevolumu yeplasma, njengakwimeko yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, umzekelo, oko akuthethi ukuba bekukho imveliso enkulu yeeseli ezibomvu;
• I-polycythemia yesibini, eyenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezinokukhokelela ekwandeni kungekuphela kwinani leeseli ezibomvu, kodwa nakwezinye iiparameter zelabhoratri.

Kubalulekile ukuba unobangela we-polycythemia uchongwe ukuze kusekwe olona hlobo lonyango lufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukubonakala kwezinye iimpawu okanye iingxaki.

Izizathu eziphambili zepolycythemia

Kwimeko ye-polycythemia ephambili, okanye i-polycythemia vera, unobangela wokunyuka kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi kukutshintsha kwemfuza okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu, kukhokelela ekwandeni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ngamanye amaxesha, Ileukocyte kunye neeplatelets.

Kwi-polycythemia ehambelana nayo, kwelinye icala, oyena nobangela uphambili wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, njengoko kwezi meko kukho ilahleko kulwelo lomzimba, olukhokelela ekwandeni okubonakalayo kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngokwesiqhelo kwimeko ye-polycythemia ehambelana nayo, amanqanaba e-erythropoietin, eyihomoni inoxanduva lokulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ziqhelekile.

I-polycythemia yesibini inokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekwandeni kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezinje ngezifo zentliziyo, izifo zokuphefumla, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, isifo sikaCushing, izifo zesibindi, inqanaba lokuqala le-myeloid leukemia, i-lymphoma, izintso ukuphazamiseka kunye nesifo sephepha. Ukongeza, inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi linokunyuka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwecorticosteroids, isongezelelo sevithamini B12 kunye namayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wamabele, umzekelo.

Unyango njani

Unyango lwe-polycythemia kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-hematologist, kwimeko yabantu abadala, okanye kugqirha wabantwana kwimeko yomntwana nomntwana, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokonyuka kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni ubungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, lenze igazi libe lulwelo ngakumbi, kwaye ke, ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki. Kwimeko ye-polycythemia vera, umzekelo, kuyacetyiswa ukwenza unyango lwe-phlebotomy, okanye ukopha, apho kususwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza, njengeasprini, ukwenza igazi ukuba longezelele ulwelo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubumba, okanye amanye amayeza, anje ngeHydroxyurea okanye i-Interferon alfa, umzekelo, ukunciphisa inani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.