Yintoni i-obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) kunye neempawu eziphambili

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uqinisekisa njani
• Iindidi eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD) sisifo sengqondo esibonakaliswa bubukho beentlobo ezimbini zokuziphatha:

• Ukuqwalaselwa: ziingcinga ezingalunganga okanye ezingathandekiyo, eziphindaphindayo nezingapheliyo, ezithi zivele ngendlela engafunekiyo, zibangele unxunguphalo kunye nokubandezeleka, ezinje, umzekelo, malunga nezifo, iingozi okanye ukuphulukana nabantu obathandayo;
• Ukunyanzelwa: Kukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo okanye isenzo sengqondo, njengokuhlamba izandla, ukuhlela izinto, ukukhangela amaqhaga, ukuthandaza okanye ukuxelela, ezingenakuphepheka, kuba ukongeza ekubeni yindlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, umntu ukholelwa ukuba into embi inokwenzeka ukuba akunjalo yenza.

Esi sifo sinokubonisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo kumntu ngamnye, njengoko zinxulunyaniswa noloyiko lokungcola, isidingo sokujonga kwakhona okanye ukugcina ulingano, umzekelo.

Ngaphandle kokungabikho kunyango, unyango lwe-OCD luyakwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokujonga ngengqondo nangokwengqondo, kusetyenziswa iziyobisi ezichasayo nohlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuziphatha.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili kunye neempawu zokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo, zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlala uxhalabile ngococeko, kwaye ukhathazwa bubukho bokungcola, iintsholongwane okanye ungcoliseko;
• Musa ukuchukumisa izinto ezithile ungahlambanga izandla zakho emva koko, okanye unqande indawo ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga nokungcola okanye izifo;
• Hlamba izandla zakho okanye uhlambe amatyeli amaninzi emini;
• Rhoqo ujonge iifestile, iingcango okanye igesi;
• Ukukhathazeka ngokugqithiseleyo malunga nokulungelelaniswa, ukulandelelana okanye ukulingana kwezinto;
• Sebenzisa kuphela iimpahla, izixhobo okanye izinto zombala othile okanye ipateni ethile;
• Ukuba neenkolelo ngokugqithileyo, njengokungahambi kwiindawo ezithile okanye ukudlula kwinto ethile, esoyikela ukuba kwenzeka into embi;
• Ukuba nengqondo kuhlala kungena ngeengcinga ezingalunganga okanye ezingathandekiyo, ezinje ngokugula, iingozi okanye ukuphulukana nabantu obathandayo;
• Gcina izinto ezingenamsebenzi, ezinjengeebhokisi ezingenanto, izikhongozeli zeeshampu okanye amaphephandaba namaphepha.

Iimpawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla zinokuhamba nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo umntu avakalelwa kukuba kufuneka akwenze, ekuphenduleni ukutyeba, oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu uziva ekhathazekile bubukho bentshukumo (ukutyeba) uya kugqiba ahlambe izandla zakhe amaxesha ngokulandelelana (ukunyanzelwa).

Ayaziwa ncam ukuba yintoni ebangela i-OCD, kwaye nabani na angakhula, nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto, ezinokuthi ngokudibeneyo zinokumisela ukuvela kwayo, ezinje ngemfuza, imeko yengqondo, njengokufunda okungalunganga kunye neenkolelo ezigqwethekileyo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo okanye uxinzelelo, okanye imfundo efunyenweyo.

Uqinisekisa njani

Ukufumanisa ukuba unayo i-OCD, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo uya kwenza uhlalutyo lweklinikhi kwaye achonge ubukho beempawu zokutyeba nokunyanzelwa, ezihlala zihlala ngaphezulu kweyure enye ngosuku, kwaye zibangele ukubandezeleka okanye ukonakala kubomi boluntu okanye kobungcali.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezo mpawu azenzeki ngenxa yokusebenzisa naliphi na iyeza, iziyobisi okanye ubukho besifo, kwaye azenzeki ngenxa yobukho besinye isifo sengqondo, ezinje ngexhala ngokubanzi, umzimba Dysmorphic disorder, ukuphakama kokuqokelelana, ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni, i-trichotillomania okanye iingxaki zokutya, i-schizophrenia okanye uxinzelelo, umzekelo.

Ezi mpawu kunye neempawu zinokuya zisiba mandundu okanye ziye ziqine ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye, ukuba i-OCD iba qatha, inokuphazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yomntu yemihla ngemihla, ukuyekisa ukusebenza esikolweni okanye emsebenzini, umzekelo. Ke, kubukho beendlela zokuziphatha ezibonisa esi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uye kugqirha kunye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuze ufumane isifo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ubonakalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Iindidi eziphambili

Umxholo weengcinga okanye ukunyanzelwa komntu one-OCD ungahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kwaye unokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje:

• Ukunyanzeliswa kokuqinisekiswa: umntu uziva isidingo esinyanzelekileyo sokujonga kunye nokuqinisekisa into ethile, njengendlela yokuthintela umonakalo, onjengomlilo okanye ukuvuza. Olunye lwezona zitsheki zixhaphakileyo kubandakanya isitovu, igesi, iimpompo zamanzi, ialam alarm yendlu, izitshixo, izibane zendlu, isipaji okanye isipaji, indlela yendlela, ukukhangela izifo kunye neempawu kwi-intanethi okanye ukuzihlola.
• Ukuthintela ukungcoliseka: kukho imfuneko engalawulekiyo yokucoca okanye yokuhlamba, nokuphepha ukungcoliseka kunye nokungcola. Eminye imizekelo uhlamba izandla zakho izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, ukungakwazi ukubulisa abanye okanye ukuya kwiindawo ezinje ngezindlu zangasese zikawonke-wonke okanye ukwamkelwa kweeofisi zonyango, ngenxa yokoyika ukosuleleka ziintsholongwane, ukongeza kwimfuneko yokucoca indlu ngokugqithileyo, ngakumbi ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela;
• Ukunyanzelwa kweSymetryImfuno yokulungisa rhoqo indawo yezinto, ezinjengeencwadi, ukongeza kwiminqweno yokuba yonke into icwangciswe ngokulandelelana, njengokugcina iimpahla kunye nezihlangu ezinepateni efanayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ulingano lube nokuchukumisa okanye amaqhuma, njengokuchukumisa ngesandla sasekunene ngento edlalwe ngasekhohlo okanye ngokuchaseneyo;
• Ukubala okanye ukuphindaphinda ukunyanzelwa: ezi ziphindaphindwe ngengqondo, njengezibalo ezingeyomfuneko kunye nezahlulo, ukuphinda lo mthetho izihlandlo ezininzi imini yonke;
• Ubundlobongela obunoburharha: kwezi meko, abantu boyika ngokugqithiseleyo ukwenza izinto ezingxamisekileyo, ezivela kwiingcinga, ezinjengokwenzakalisa, ukubulala okanye ukwenzakalisa umntu okanye wena ngokwakho, ungaqondanga. Ezi ngcinga zivelisa ukubandezeleka okukhulu, kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukunqanda ukuba wedwa okanye ukuphatha izinto ezithile, ezinje ngeemela okanye isikere, ungazithembi;
• Ukunyanzeliswa kokuqokelelwa: kukungakwazi ukulahla ezinye izinto, kuthathwa njengongenamsebenzi, njengokupakisha, ii-invoyisi ezindala, amaphephandaba okanye ezinye izinto.

Kukho nezinye iindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya iintlobo zokunyanzelwa njengokutshica, ukubamba izandla, ukubamba, ukudanisa okanye ukuthandaza, umzekelo, okanye ukuthanda izinto, njengamagama, imifanekiso okanye umculo ongaphazamisiyo nophindaphindayo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo lukhokelwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ngokufaka iziyobisi ezichasene noxinzelelo, ezinje ngeClomipramine, iParoxetine, Fluoxetine okanye iSertraline.

Ukongeza, kukwacetyiswa ukuba nonyango lokuqonda ngokuziphatha okanye kwiqela elinesayikholojisti, kuba kuyanceda umntu ukuba ajongane noloyiko kwaye lwenze uxinzelelo luthi shwaka ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kweengcinga neenkolelo ezigqwethekileyo. Jonga iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwe-OCD.