Uvavanyo lwe-PPD: yintoni, kwenziwa njani kunye neziphumo

Umxholo

• Luqhutywa njani uviwo lwePPD
• Iziphumo zeemviwo ze-PPD

I-PPD luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokujonga ubukho bosulelo ngu Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium kwaye, ke, ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo sephepha. Ngokwesiqhelo, olu vavanyo lwenziwa kubantu abaye banxibelelana ngqo nezigulana ezosuleleke yintsholongwane, nokuba azibonisi zimpawu zesi sifo, ngenxa yokurhanelwa kosulelo olufihlakeleyo ngesifo sephepha, xa intsholongwane ifakiwe ayikasibangeli isifo. Fumanisa ukuba zithini iimpawu zesifo sephepha.

Uvavanyo lwe-PPD, ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lolusu lwe-tuberculin okanye ukuphendula kweMantoux, lwenziwa kwiilabhoratri zovavanyo lweklinikhi ngenaliti encinci equkethe iiproteni ezivela kwintsholongwane phantsi kolusu, kwaye kufuneka kuvavanywe kwaye kutolikwe ngokukhethekileyo ngugulmonologist ukuze ibe Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo.

Xa i-PPD ilungile kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokungcoliswa ziintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-PPD lulodwa alwanele ukuqinisekisa okanye ukusikhupha esi sifo, ke kwimeko yesifo sephepha esikrokrisayo, ugqirha kufuneka ayalele ezinye iimvavanyo, ezinje ngesifuba i-X-ray okanye ibacteria yesikhohlela, umzekelo.

Luqhutywa njani uviwo lwePPD

Uvavanyo lwe-PPD lwenziwa kwilabhoratri yohlalutyo lweklinikhi ngenaliti yesiphumo seprotein esusulungekileyo (i-PPD), oko kukuthi, iiproteni ezihlanjululweyo ezikhoyo kumphezulu webhakteria yesifo sephepha. Iiproteni ziyacocwa ukuze isifo singaphuhlisi kubantu abangenayo ibhaktiriya, nangona kunjalo iiprotein zisabela kubantu abosulelekileyo okanye abagonyiweyo.

Le nto ifakwa kwingalo yasekhohlo kwaye umphumo kufuneka utolikwe iiyure ezingama-72 emva kokufakwa, eli lixesha lokuphendula ngesiqhelo ukwenzeka. Ke, kwiintsuku ezi-3 emva kokufakwa kweprotein yesifo sephepha, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubuyele kugqirha ukuze wazi iziphumo zovavanyo, ekufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iimpawu zomntu lowo.

Ukuthatha uvavanyo lwe-PPD akuyomfuneko ukuba ukhawuleze okanye uthathe olunye unonophelo olulodwa, kuyacetyiswa kuphela ukuba wazise ugqirha ukuba usebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwamayeza.

Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ebantwaneni, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abantu abanesistim sokuzikhusela komzimba, nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuba senziwe kubantu abanokubakho okungalunganga komzimba, njenge-necrosis, isilonda okanye ukothuka kakhulu kwe-anaphylactic.

Iziphumo zeemviwo ze-PPD

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PPD zixhomekeke kubungakanani bokusabela kulusu, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso kwaye, ke, kunokuba:

• Ukuya kwi-5mm: Ngokubanzi, kuthathwa njengesiphumo esibi kwaye, ke, ayibonisi ukosuleleka kwintsholongwane yesifo sephepha, ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile;
• 5 mm ukuya kwi-9 mm: sisiphumo esihle, esibonisa ukosulelwa yintsholongwane yesifo sephepha, ngakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 abangakhange bagonywe okanye bagonywe i-BCG ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2, abantu abane-HIV / AIDS, abanomkhuhlane wokuzikhusela komzimba okanye abanesiva sesifo sephepha kwi-radiograph isifuba;
• 10 mm okanye nangaphezulu: Iziphumo ezincumisayo, ezibonakalisa ukosuleleka sisifo sephepha.

Ubungakanani bentshukumo kulusu lwePPD

Kwezinye iimeko, ubukho bokusabela kolusu obungaphezulu kwe-5 mm akuthethi ukuba umntu wosulelwe yi-mycobacterium ebangela isifo sephepha. Umzekelo, abantu abasele begonyelwe isifo sephepha (isitofu sokugonya se-BCG) okanye abanesifo nezinye iintlobo ze-mycobacteria, banokufumana ulusu xa uvavanyo lwenziwa, kubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo esibi.

Isiphumo esingeyonyani, apho umntu osulelwe yintsholongwane, kodwa engenzi mpendulo kwi-PPD, inokuvela kwimeko yabantu abanesifo esingakhuselekiyo, njengabantu abane-AIDS, umhlaza okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinganyanzelekanga. ukongeza kukungondleki, ubudala obungaphezulu kwama-65 eminyaka, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye usulelo olubi.

Ngenxa yethuba leziphumo ezingezizo, isifo sephepha akufuneki sifunyanwe ngokuhlalutya olu vavanyo lodwa. I-pulmonologist kufuneka icele iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njenge-radiology yesifuba, iimvavanyo ze-immunological kunye ne-smear microscopy, eluvavanyo lwaselebhu apho isampuli yesigulana, esihlala sisikhohlela, sisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-bacilli ebangela esi sifo. Ezi mvavanyo kufuneka zi-odolwe nokuba i-PPD ayinayo, njengoko olu vavanyo lodwa lungenakusetyenziselwa ukukhuphela ngaphandle isifo.