Amaxabiso okuSinda koMntwana ngaphambi kwexesha

Umxholo

• Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-24
• Ulusu kunye nobushushu
• Ukuphefumla
• Amehlo
• Ukuva
• Eminye imiba
• Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26
• Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-28
• Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-32
• Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-36
• Isishwankathelo

Ke, omncinci wakho ebengenakulinda ukuba ajoyine kwihlabathi elikhulu, elikhulu kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokwenza umnyango omkhulu! Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphambi kwexesha, okanye "preterm," bakwinkampani elungileyo- malunga nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha eUnited States.

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha yinto eyenzeka ubuncinci kwiiveki ezintathu ngaphambi komhla wakho oqikelelweyo weeveki ezingama-40- phambi kwiveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa. Oko kwathiwa, "ngaphambi kwexesha" luluhlu.

Amanqanaba okuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha abizwa ngokuba:

• Ngaphambi kokuqala kakhulu (ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-28)
• Ngaphambi kwexesha (kwiiveki ezingama-28 ukuya kuma-32)
• Ngaphambi kokuqala (iiveki ezingama-32 ukuya kuma-34)
• Ngaphambi kwexesha elide (iiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-37)

Unokuliva igama elithi "ukuzalwa okuqinisekileyo," elibhekisa kunikezelo phakathi kweeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-26, ngokweAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Ukuzalwa kwangoko kosana lwakho kwenza umahluko kuhlobo longenelelo abanokulufuna. Okukhona umntu ezalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kokukhona kuphakama amathuba ezinye iingxaki. Iveki nganye yokukhulelwa yenza umahluko kwinqanaba lokusinda, xa kuziwa kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.

Oogqirha abasoloko besazi ukuba kutheni usana luzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye abanakuhlala bekuthintela. Ngapha koko, uphando kumanqanaba okusinda kwe-preemie lubanzi kakhulu.

Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekwe kwilizwe, izinto zoomama, kunye nobunzima bokuzalwa komntwana. Kodwa qiniseka, inqanaba lokusinda kweentsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwexesha ngaphandle kweengxaki ze-neurodevelopmental ziye zaphucuka ukusukela ngo-2000.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-24

Usana oluzelwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-26 luthathwa ngokuba luchanekile, okanye luzalwe ngefestile xa usana olungekazalwa lunethuba lokuphila ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Ezi ntsana zibizwa ngokuba “ziintshaba ezincinci.”

Usana oluzelweyo ngaphambili Iiveki ezingama-24 zinamathuba angaphantsi kwama-50 okusinda, zitsho iingcali kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah yezeMpilo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokwale yokuhambisa okungaphezulu kwama-8,300 e-United States, abantwana abazelweyo e Iiveki ezingama-24 zazinamathuba angama-68 okusinda. Uphononongo lweqela lama-2016 lokuzalwa okungaphezulu kwama-6,000 lifumene inqanaba lokusinda kwiipesenti ezingama-60. (Utah Health qaphela ama-60 ukuya kuma-70 eepesenti yenqanaba lokusinda kweli xesha lobudala.)

Ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kakhulu, wena nosana lwakho ninokujamelana namaxesha anzima (kunye nokukhetha) kunye. Ngethamsanqa, ukuhambela phambili kwezamayeza kuthetha ukuba neyona ntsana incinci inokuba nkulu kwaye yomelele kwiiyunithi zononophelo lweentsana (i-NICU).

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zeentsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-24 ziya kuba neengxaki zempilo, itsho i-Irish Neonatal Health Alliance. Ezinye zezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka kwangoko, okanye ezinye ezibonakala kamva ebomini.

Umngcipheko wosana oluzelwe kwangoko lubandakanya iingxaki ngokubhekisele:

Ulusu kunye nobushushu

Umncinci wakho kuya kufuneka angene kwi-incubator (njengesibeleko esiphathwayo) ngoko nangoko ukuze azigcine zifudumele. Iintsana ezizalwe kwangoko azikabi nethuba lokuphuhlisa amanqatha amdaka-luhlobo oluphantsi kolusu olubagcina bethambile. Ulusu lwabo luya kubhitya kakhulu kwaye lubuthathaka.

Ukuphefumla

Imiphunga yomntwana esezantsi kunye neendlela zomoya ziqala ukukhula malunga neeveki ezingama-24. Usana oluzelwe ngeli xesha luza kufuna uncedo lokuphefumla. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba iityhubhu ezincinci zingena empumlweni, njengoko zikhula kwi-incubator.

Amehlo

Malunga neeveki ezingama-24 esibelekweni, amehlo omntwana asavaliwe. Amehlo abo namehlo abo akakakhuli ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangawavula. Usana lwakho luya kufuna ukotini othambileyo okanye igeyisi ecwecwe phezu kwamehlo abo ukukhusela ekukhanyeni njengoko ukubona kwabo kuqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngamanye amaxesha, amehlo osana anokungakhuli njengoko kufanelekile, anokukhokelela kwiingxaki zombono okanye ukungaboni.

Ukuva

Okumangalisayo kukuba, umntwana osandula ukuzalwa sele enendlebe. Usana lwakho lungaqala ukukuva malunga neeveki ezili-18 ukhulelwe! Nangona kunjalo, iindlebe zakho ezincinci zisabuthathaka kwaye zibuthathaka kwiiveki ezingama-24. Abanye abantwana abazelwe kwangoko banokuba neengxaki zokuva okanye amava okuva.

Eminye imiba

Abanye abantwana abangaphambi kwexesha kakhulu banokuba nemicimbi echaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo ye-neva njengoko bekhula. Ezinye zazo zinzulu. Iingxaki zibandakanya ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, iingxaki zokufunda kunye nemicimbi yokuziphatha.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26

Ukuba umntwana wakho uzalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26, basathathwa ngokuba "ngabokuqala kakhulu." Kodwa okuninzi kunokuphucula usana olusakhulayo kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa zexesha lokumitha, ukwandisa amathuba okusinda.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26 zafunyanwa zinenqanaba lokusinda leepesenti ezingama-89 kunye neepesenti ezingama-86 kufundo lweqela lama-2016.

Umahluko omkhulu obangela ukutsiba kwinqanaba lokusinda kwiiveki ezingama-26 xa kuthelekiswa neeveki ezingama-24 kukukhula kwemiphunga yosana lwakho. Malunga neeveki ezingama-26 zobudala bokumitha, imiphunga esezantsi yosana ikhulile kwaye yavelisa iisakana zomoya ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yialveoli.

Usana lwakho luza kuba luncinci kakhulu ukuba lungaphefumla lodwa, kodwa imiphunga iya kuphuhla kwaye yomelele. Umncinci wakho uya kudinga ukuba abe kwindawo yokufudumeza ukufudumala kunye neetyhubhu zokuphefumla ukuze ancede ukuzihlamba kwioksijini enika ubomi.

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zeentsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26 zisenokuba neengxaki zempilo njengoko zikhula. Oku kunokubandakanya imiba nge:

• uyabona
• ukuva
• ukufunda
• ukuqonda
• indlela yokuziphatha
• izakhono zentlalo

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-26 nazo zinokuba neengxaki zentliziyo.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-28

Umntwana ozelwe emva kweeveki ezingama-28 uthathwa “njengowokuqala” kodwa unentloko enkulu xa kuthelekiswa neentsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngaphambili. Kungenxa yokuba amalungu abo abalulekileyo- njengentliziyo nemiphunga- aphuhle ngakumbi.

NgokweYunivesithi yase-Utah yezeMpilo, izinga lokusinda lomntwana wakho ngama-80 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini kwiiveki ezingama-28. Olunye uphononongo lweklinikhi lunedatha ethembisayo ngakumbi, ebonisa amazinga okusinda eepesenti ze-94 nakweli ubudala.

Kuphela ziipesenti ezili-10 zeentsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-28 ezisengozini yexesha elide. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• iingxaki zokuphefumla
• usulelo
• iingxaki zokwetyisa
• iingxaki zegazi
• iingxaki zezintso
• Ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yeengxaki zemithambo-luvo njengokuxhuzula

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-32

Onjani umahluko kwiiveki ezimbalwa zesibeleko ezenza! Iintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-32, ngexa zijongwa ngaphambi kwexesha, zinethuba lokusinda. Banomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wezempilo kunye nophuhliso kamva.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-36

Ukuba usana lwakho luzelwe kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kwezingama-36 bakudidi olutsha olubizwa ngokuba “langaphambi kwexesha.” Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomntwana ngaphambi kwexesha. Ikwangoyena mngcipheko mncinci kuba umntwana wakho unexesha elininzi lokukhula kunye nokukhula ngaphakathi kuwe.

Ngapha koko-iindaba ezimnandi- umntwana wokuqala ozalelwa kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-36 unamathuba afanayo kwimpilo yexesha elide njengomntwana ozelwe ixesha elipheleleyo.

Okwangoku, usana lwakho olunama-34 ukuya kuma-36 lweveki ubudala lunokuba luncinci kwaye lubuthathaka ngakumbi kuneeveki ezingama-40 okanye ixesha elipheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba bahlale kwisifukamisi esibhedlele kangangeveki okanye ezimbini, ukuze baphumle kwaye babe nkulu ngaphambi kokuba bagoduke.

Isishwankathelo

Ukuba umntwana wakho uzalwe ngaphambi kwexesha, kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela izinga labo lokusinda kunye nokuba sempilweni njani xa bekhula. Iveki okanye ezimbini ngaphezulu esibelekweni zingenza umohluko omkhulu kusana lwakho.

Inkqubela phambili kwezonyango ekunyamekeleni iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kuthetha iziphumo ezingcono, kunye noxolo lwengqondo kubazali. Ngelixa veki nganye esibelekweni iza kukunika isiqinisekiso esingakumbi, yazi ukuba amathuba okusinda kwe-preemie akho ayanda minyaka le.