Inqanaba lokuSebenza loPhuculo lweCognitive

Umxholo

• Lithini kanye eli nqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza?
• Kwenzeka nini inqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza?
• Iimpawu zenqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza
• I-Egocentrism
• Iziko
• Ulondolozo
• Umdlalo ofanayo
• Umfuziselo omelekileyo
• Masenze ngathi
• Ubugcisa
• Ukungabuyiseki
• Imizekelo yenqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza
• Izinto onokuzenza kunye
• Ukuthatha

Usana lwakho lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba luthi "Ngaphezulu!" xa befuna ukutya okuninzi. Baye bakwazi ukulandela imiyalelo elula kwaye baphose i-napkin yabo esetyenzisiweyo kwinkunkuma. Yup, baye bafudukela kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso.

Ngokwengcali yezengqondo yaseSwitzerland uJean Piaget, kukho amanqanaba amane okuphuhla kwengqondo (ukucinga nokuqiqa) esihamba kuwo njengoko sikhula sisiba ngabantu abadala. Inqanaba elonwabisayo elingene umntwana wakho, inqanaba lesibini, libizwa ngokuba linqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza.

Lithini kanye eli nqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza?

Igama leli nqanaba licebisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni apha: "Ukusebenza" kubhekisa kubuchule bokusebenzisa ulwazi ngokusengqiqweni. Ewe, umntwana wakho ucinga. Kodwa abanakho ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ukuguqula, ukudibanisa, okanye ukwahlula izimvo.

Ke basebenza "ngaphambili". Bafunda malunga nehlabathi ngokudibana nalo, kodwa okwangoku abanakho ukulawula ulwazi abalufundileyo.

Kwenzeka nini inqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza?

Eli nqanaba lihlala lineminyaka yobudala emi-2 kude kube malunga neminyaka esi-7.

Umntwana wakho omncinci uhlasela inqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza phakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24 xa beqala ukuthetha. Njengoko besakha amava ehlabathi elibajikelezileyo, baya kwinqanaba apho banokusebenzisa ingcinga esengqiqweni kunye nokuthelekelela izinto. Ngexesha umntwana wakho emalunga neminyaka esi-7 ubudala, banokusebenzisa ukucinga kwabo kwaye badlale ukuzikholelwa.

Iimpawu zenqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza

Umntwana wakho omncinci uyathandeka uyakhula. Ngaba ufuna ukubeka igama kule nto uyibonayo? Nalu uluhlu lweempawu eziphambili zeli nqanaba lophuhliso.

I-Egocentrism

Mhlawumbi uqaphele ukuba umntwana wakho ucinga ngento enye: ngokwabo. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo kweli nqanaba lokukhula. Bafuna ukuba basele NGOKU-hayi emva kokuba ugqibile ukuphosa iimpahla kwindawo eyomileyo.

I-egocentrism ikwathetha ukuba umntwana wakho ucinga ukuba uyabona, uyeva, kwaye uzive izinto ezifanayo abazenzayo. Kodwa hlala apho, kuba ngexesha bethe betha iminyaka emi-4 ubudala (nika okanye uthathe), baya kuba nakho ukuqonda into ngokokubona kwakho.

Iziko

Olu tyekelo lokujolisa kwinkalo enye kuphela yemeko ngexesha. Zama ukufaka imigca emibini yamaphepha ephepha ngendlela enokuthi umqolo wephepha elinesiqwengana sephepha lide kunomqolo weephepha ezisixhenxe. Buza umntwana wakho omncinci ukuba akhombe kumqolo onamaphepha amaninzi kwaye uya kwalatha kumqolo wesihlanu.

Kungenxa yokuba bajolise kwinto enye kuphela (ubude) kwaye abanakho ukukhohlisa ezimbini (ubude kunye nenombolo). Njengoko umntwana wakho omncinci ekhula, baya kuphuhlisa amandla okuzithoba.

Ulondolozo

Ulondolozo luhambelana nokugxilwa. Kukuqonda ukuba ubungakanani buhlala bungatshintshi nokuba utshintsha ubungakanani, imilo, okanye ikhonteyina ekuyo. UPiaget wafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana alunakuyiqonda le ngcamango phambi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.

Unomdla? Yizame ngokwakho. Galela izixa ezilinganayo zejusi kwiikomityi ezimbini ezifanayo ezilahlwayo. Emva koko uthele ikomityi enye kwikomityi ende, ebhityileyo kwaye ucele umntwana wakho ukuba akhethe ikomityi equlathe ngaphezulu. Amathuba kukuba, baya kwalatha kwindebe ende, ebhityileyo.

Umdlalo ofanayo

Ekuqaleni kweli nqanaba uyakuqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho uyadlala ecaleni Abanye abantwana kodwa hayi nge kubo. Sukuba nexhala- oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci akahlali nabantu nangayiphi na indlela! Baxakeke nje kwilizwe labo.

Nangona umntwana wakho esenokuba uyathetha, basebenzisa intetho yabo ukubonisa into abayibonayo, abaziva ngayo, kunye nemfuno yabo. Abakaqapheli ukuba intetho sisixhobo sokuba nentlalontle.

Umfuziselo omelekileyo

Ngexesha lokuqala kwangaphambi kokusebenza, phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-3 ubudala, umntwana wakho uya kuqala ukuqonda ukuba amagama kunye nezinto ziimpawu zento eyenye. Jonga indlela abonwaba ngayo xa besithi "Mama" kwaye ndikubone unyibilika.

Masenze ngathi

Njengokuba umntwana wakho ekhula kweli nqanaba, baya kuhamba ukusuka ekudlaleni okungafaniyo ukuya ekubandakanyeni abanye abantwana kwimidlalo. Kulapho imidlalo "masenze ngathi" yenzekile.

Ngokuka-Piaget, ukuzenzisa komdlalo wabantwana kuyabanceda ukuba bomeleze iikhonsepthi abaziphuhlisayo ngokuqonda. Naku xa izitulo zakho zokutyela ziba yibhasi. Gcina iso: Ungadinga usompempe xa umntwana wakho kunye nomlingane wakhe besilwa ukuba ngubani umqhubi kwaye ngubani umkhweli.

Ubugcisa

UPiaget uchaze oku njengokucinga ukuba yonke into ekhoyo kufuneka yenziwe ngumntu onemvakalelo, njengoThixo okanye umntu. Lo mntu unoxanduva lweempawu kunye nokuhamba kwawo. Ngamanye amagama, emehlweni omntwana wakho, imvula ayisiyondawo yendalo - umntu uyayenza imvula.

Ukungabuyiseki

Eli linqanaba apho umntwana wakho engakwazi ukucinga ukuba ulandelelwano lweziganeko lunokubuyiselwa kwinqanaba labo lokuqala.

Imizekelo yenqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza

Njengoko umntwana wakho ehamba ukusuka kwinqanaba le-sensorimotor (inqanaba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kukaPiaget) ukuya kwinqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza, uya kuqaphela ukukhula kwabo kwengqondo.

Xa besondeza kwigumbi ngeengalo zabo zolulwe kuba ziyinqwelomoya, musa ukuphuma endleleni! Ukuba umntwana wakho uphuma iinyembezi ngenxa yokuba umntu abadlala naye eyirhwebeshele kude injana yabo yokucinga, kuya kufuneka uzame uvelane nentlungu yabo.

Ukudlala indima kuyinto okwangoku - umntwana wakho angazenza "utata," "mama," "utitshala," okanye "ugqirha," ukubala abambalwa.

Izinto onokuzenza kunye

Intloko yakho ijikeleza ixesha elibekiweyo, uluhlu lokuthenga, kunye nokuqeshwa kukagqirha. Ngaba uya kukwazi ukufikelela kwimizuzu embalwa yokudlala? Nazi izinto ezikhawulezayo nezilula onokuzonwabela kunye.

• Indima yendima inokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba oyise egocentrism kuba le yindlela yokuzibeka ezicathulweni zomnye umntu. Gcina ibhokisi yempahla enxitywayo (izikhafu ezindala, iminqwazi, iipaji, iifaskoti) ukuze umntwana wakho anxibe kwaye azenze mntu wumbi.
• Vumela umntwana wakho adlale ngezinto ezitshintsha imilo ukuze aqale ukuqonda ngolondolozo. Ibhola yenhlama yokudlala inokuphazanyiswa imilo ethe tyaba ebonakala inkulu, kodwa ngaba kunjalo? Kwibhafu yokuhlambela, mabathele amanzi kwiikomityi kunye neebhotile ezahlukileyo.
• Ngaba unexesha elininzi? Misela ikona endlwini yakho ukuze ujonge iofisi kagqirha osandula ukundwendwela. Ukwenza into ayifumeneyo kuya kunceda umntwana wakho ukuba enze ngaphakathi kwabo oko bakufundileyo.
• Ukwenza ngezandla kuya kunceda umntwana wakho ukuba aphuhlise ukumelwa ngokomfuziselo. Benze ukuba basongele intlama yokudlala kwiimilo zoonobumba okanye sebenzisa izitikha ukuzalisa iimilo zoonobumba. Sebenzisa oomazibuthe abenziwe ngoonobumba ukwakha amagama kumnyango wefriji yakho.
• Musa ukuyeka ukuthintela. Dlala imidlalo yevumba neyokungcamla: Bopha amehlo omntwana wakho ubakhuthaze ukuba baqashele ukuba yeyiphi into esekwe kwivumba okanye incasa yayo.

Ukuthatha

Musa ukothuka ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho akabambeleli kula maxesha. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantwana bagqithe kumanqanaba ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunale mizekelo.

Kuqhelekile ngokugqibeleleyo ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo kwaye ubambelele kwiimpawu zenqanaba langaphambili. Akukho bungakanani-bukhulu-konke okusebenzayo apha. Xa eli nqanaba liba ngumceli mngeni, khumbula ukuba lo mntu mncinci uya kukhula abe ngumntu omkhulu omangalisayo!