Kuchazwe iProto-Oncogenes

Umxholo

• IProto-oncogene vs oncogene
• Umsebenzi weproto-oncogenes
• Ngaba iiproto-oncogenes zinokubangela umhlaza?
• Imizekelo yeproto-oncogenes
• Iras
• HER2
• Myc
• Umjikelo D.
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni iproto-oncogene?

Imfuza yakho yenziwe ngolandelelwano lweDNA equlethe ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze iiseli zakho zisebenze kwaye zikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Imfuza inemiyalelo (iikhowudi) ezixelela iseli ukuba yenze uhlobo oluthile lweprotheni. Iprotheni nganye inomsebenzi okhethekileyo emzimbeni.

A iproto-oncogene luhlobo oluqhelekileyo olufunyenwe kwiseli. Zininzi iiproto-oncogenes. Ngamnye unoxanduva lokwenza iprotheni ebandakanyekayo ekukhuleni kweseli, ukwahlula kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeseli. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zofuzo zisebenza ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba ziyasebenza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha izinto zihamba gwenxa.

Ukuba impazamo (uguquko) lwenzeka kwiproto-oncogene, ufuzo lunokuvulwa xa kungafuneki ukuba luvulwe. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iproto-oncogene inokujika ibe yimfuza engasebenzi kakuhle ebizwa ngokuba yi oncogene. Iiseli ziya kuqala ukukhula ngaphandle kolawulo. Ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweseli kukhokelela kumhlaza.

IProto-oncogene vs oncogene

Iproto-oncogenes ziijeni eziqhelekileyo ezinceda iiseli zikhule. I-oncogene yiyo nayiphi na imfuza ebangela umhlaza.

Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zomhlaza kukungalawuleki kokukhula kweseli. Kuba iiproto-oncogenes ziyabandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokukhula kweseli, zinokujika zibe yi-oncogenes xa kuguquka (impazamo) kusebenze ngokusisigxina ufuzo.

Ngamanye amagama, ii-oncogenes ziguqukile kwiifom ze-proto-oncogenes. Uninzi, kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke, ii-oncogene emzimbeni zivela kwiproto-oncogenes.

Umsebenzi weproto-oncogenes

Iproto-oncogenes liqela lohlobo oluqhelekileyo kwiseli. Ziqulathe ulwazi oluyimfuneko emzimbeni wakho ukuze zenze iiproteni zibe noxanduva:

• ukuvuselela ukwahlulwa kweseli
• Ukuthintela ukwahluka kweseli
• Ukuthintela i-apoptosis (ukufa kweseli)

Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile ekukhuleni kweseli kunye nakuphuhliso nasekugcinweni kwezicubu ezisempilweni kunye namalungu emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaba iiproto-oncogenes zinokubangela umhlaza?

Iproto-oncogene ayinakubangela umhlaza ngaphandle kokuba utshintsho lwenzeka kuhlobo oluguqula lube yi-oncogene.

Xa utshintsho lwenzeka kwiproto-oncogene, ivulwa ngokusisigxina (yenziwe yasebenza). Imfuza iya kuqala ukwenza iiprotheyini ezininzi kakhulu ezinekhowudi yokukhula kweseli. Ukukhula kweseli kwenzeka ngokungalawulekiyo. Le yenye yeempawu ezichaza amathumba anomhlaza.

Wonke umntu uneeproto-oncogenes emzimbeni wakhe. Ngapha koko, iiproto-oncogenes ziyimfuneko ukuze siphile. Iproto-oncogenes ibangela umhlaza kuphela xa utshintsho lwenzeka kuhlobo olukhokelela ekubeni ufuzo luvulwe ngokusisigxina. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukufumana umsebenzi.

Olu tshintsho luthathelwa ingqalelo njengolona tshintsho lubalulekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikopi enye kuphela yemfuza ekufuneka iguqulwe ukuze kukhuthazwe umhlaza.

Zintathu ubuncinci iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zenguqu zomsebenzi ezinokubangela iproto-oncogene ukuba ibeyi-oncogene:

• Inguqu kuguquko. Olu tshintsho luguqula, lufaka, okanye lususe inye kuphela okanye ii-nucleotide ezimbalwa kulandelelwano lwemfuza, ngokwenza oko kusebenze iproto-oncogene.
• Ukwandiswa kweGene. Olu tshintsho lukhokelela kwiikopi ezongezelelweyo zofuzo.
• Ukuhanjiswa kweChromosomal. Yilapho i-gene isiwa kwakhona kwindawo entsha ye-chromosomal ekhokelela kwinkcazo ephezulu.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, uninzi lweenguqu ezibanga umhlaza zifunyenwe, hayi njengelifa. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuzalwanga ngempazamo yemfuza. Endaweni yoko, utshintsho luyenzeka ngaxa lithile ebomini bakho.

Olunye lolu tshintsho lubangelwa kukusulelwa luhlobo lwentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-retrovirus. Imitha, umsi, kunye nezinye iityhefu zokusingqongileyo zinokudlala indima ekubangeleni utshintsho kwiiproto-oncogenes. Kananjalo, abanye abantu bachaphazeleka lula kukutshintsha kweeproto-oncogenes zabo.

Imizekelo yeproto-oncogenes

Kuye kwafunyanwa iiproto-oncogenes ezingaphezu kwama-40 emzimbeni womntu. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

Iras

Iproto-oncogene yokuqala eya kuboniswa ukuba ijike ibe yi-oncogene ibizwa ngokuba yi-oncogene Iras.

Iras Ifaka iprotein ye-intracellular-transduction protein. Ngamanye amazwi, Iras lolunye lokucima / ukucima ukutshintsha kuthotho lwamanyathelo kwindlela enkulu ekhokelela ekukhuleni kweseli. Nini Iras iguqukile, ikhokelela kwiprotein ebangela umqondiso wokukhuthaza ukukhula okungalawulwayo.

Uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza wepancreatic zinokutshintsha kwinqanaba Iras Uhlobo. Uninzi lweziganeko zemiphunga, ikholon, kunye nezicubu ze-thyroid ziye zafunyanwa zinokutshintsha Iras.

HER2

Enye iproto-oncogene eyaziwayo HER2. Olu luhlobo lwenza ii-protein receptors ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni kunye nokwahlulwa kweeseli ebeleni. Abantu abaninzi abanomhlaza wamabele banesifo esonyusa ukukhula kwabo HER2 Uhlobo. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wamabele ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba HER2-umhlaza webele olungileyo.

Myc

Inkqubo ye- Myc Imfuza inxulunyaniswa nohlobo lomhlaza obizwa ngokuba yiBurkitt's lymphoma. Kwenzeka xa ukuhanjiswa kwe-chromosomal kushukumisa ukulandelelana kohlobo olusondeleyo kufutshane ne Myc iproto-oncogene.

Umjikelo D.

Umjikelo D. yenye iproto-oncogene. Umsebenzi wawo oqhelekileyo kukwenza iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yiRb tumor suppressor protein engasebenzi.

Kweminye imihlaza, njengamathumba endlala yeparathyroid, Umjikelo D. yenziwe ngenxa yenguquko. Ngenxa yoko, ayisakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo wokwenza ukuba i-tumor suppressor protein ingasebenzi. Oku kubangela ukukhula okungalawulwayo kweseli.

Ukuthatha

Iiseli zakho zinemizila yemfuza ebalulekileyo elawula ukukhula nokukhula kweseli. Iifom eziqhelekileyo zezi ntlobo zemfuza zibizwa ngokuba ziiproto-oncogenes. Iifom eziguqulweyo zibizwa ngokuba zii-oncogene. UOncogenes unokukhokelela kumhlaza.

Awunakho ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo utshintsho olungenzeki kwiproto-oncogene, kodwa indlela yakho yokuphila inokuba nefuthe. Unokwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshintsha komhlaza okubangelwa ngu:

• ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukugonya iintsholongwane ezingakhokelela kumhlaza, njenge-hepatitis B kunye ne-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV)
• ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okuneziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• ukuzilolonga rhoqo
• ukunqanda iimveliso zecuba
• Ukunciphisa utywala
• ukusebenzisa ukukhuselwa lilanga xa uphumela ngaphandle
• ukubona ugqirha rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe

Nokuba indlela yokuphila esempilweni, utshintsho lusenokwenzeka kwiproto-oncogene. Yiyo loo nto abaphandi ngoku bejonga ii-oncogene njengezona zinto kujoliswe kuzo kwiziyobisi ze-anticancer.