Izifo ezibangelwa yiprotozoa, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Izifo ezibangelwa yiprotozoa
• 1. I-Toxoplasmosis
• 2. I-Leishmaniasis
• 3. ITrichomoniasis
• 4. Isifo seChagas
• 5. IGiardiasis
• 6. I-Amoebiasis
• 7. Isifo seengcongconi

Iprotozoa zii-microorganisms ezilula, kuba zenziwe yiseli enye kuphela, kwaye zinoxanduva lwezifo ezosulelayo ezinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, njengakwimeko yeTrichomoniasis, umzekelo, okanye ngokulunywa okanye ukulunywa zizinambuzane, Njengakwimeko yeLeishmaniasis kunye neChagas Isifo.

Izifo ezithwala i-Protozoan zinokuthintelwa ngamanyathelo alula, njengokuhlamba izandla ngaphambi nasemva kokulungisa ukutya okanye ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana, ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokunxiba ibhulukhwe enemikhono emide kunye neblawuzi okanye ukugxotha kwindawo ezisengozini yemalariya, umzekelo.

Izifo ezibangelwa yiprotozoa

1. I-Toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yiprotozoan Toxoplasma gondii, eneekati njengomphathi wayo oqinisekileyo, kunye nabantu njengombindi ophakathi. Ke, abantu banokosulelwa sesi sifunxi-gazi ngokungenisa ii-cysts ze Toxoplasma gondii akhoyo emhlabeni, emanzini okanye ekutyeni, ukunxibelelana ngqo nelindle leekati ezosulelekileyo okanye ngokudluliselwa kukamama nomntwana, okwabizwa ngokuba kukudlulisa, okwenzeka xa umfazi okhulelweyo efumana i-toxoplasmosis kwaye engenzi unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye i-parasite ingadlula Umkhaya usulele usana.

Ukuchongwa kweToxoplasmosis kwenziwa ikakhulu kuvavanyo lwe-immunological olubonisa uxinzelelo lwee-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-parasite ejikeleza egazini. Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwe-immunological, ugqirha kufuneka athathele ingqalelo iimpawu eziboniswe sisigulana, nangona iimpawu zihlala zifana nezinye i-parasites.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Uninzi lwexesha le-toxoplasmosis asymptomatic, nangona kunjalo kubafazi abakhulelweyo nakubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, iimpawu zinokubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-20 ngohlobo losulelo. Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene neToxoplasmosis kukudumba entanyeni, entloko, amabala abomvu emzimbeni, umkhuhlane kunye nentlungu yomzimba. Yazi indlela yokuqonda iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lweToxoplasmosis lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuphelisa i-parasite kwinto ephilayo, ihlala icetyiswa ngugqirha ukusebenzisa amayeza, anje ngePyrimethamine ehambelana neSulfadiazine. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-toxoplasmosis, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukungalunganga kosana olungekazalwa kunye neengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Qonda ukuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwe-toxoplasmosis.

2. I-Leishmaniasis

I-Leishmaniasis sisifo esibangelwa yiprotozoan yohlobo I-Leishmania ethi, ngokodidi olunoxanduva losulelo, inokubangela iimpawu ezisusela kophakathi ukuya kwezinzima. Enye yeentlobo ezifumaneka rhoqo eBrazil yile I-Leishmania braziliensis, esihlala sinxulumene nokubonakaliswa kweeklinikhi okunzulu.

Ukuhanjiswa kweentlobo ze I-Leishmania kwenzeka ngokulunywa yimpukane yohlobo ILutzomyia, edume ngokubizwa ngokuba yingcongconi yomququ, eluma abantu, umzekelo, ifaka i-parasite eyayikwinkqubo yabo yokwetyisa. Ngokweentlobo kunye neempawu ezibonakaliswa sisigulana, i-leishmaniasis inokuhlelwa njenge-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo okanye enqamlezileyo, ye-mucocutaneous leishmaniasis kunye ne-visceral leishmaniasis, nganye inempawu ezithile. Jonga indlela yokuchonga i-Leishmaniasis ye-visceral kunye ne-cutaneous.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Kwimeko ye-leishmaniasis enqamlezileyo, iimpawu zokuqala zihlala zivela phakathi kweeveki ezimbini neenyanga ezintathu emva kokosulelwa yiprotozoan, ngokubonakala kwenqwanqwa elinye okanye nangaphezulu kwindawo yokuluma enokuthi iqhubele kwinxeba elivulekileyo nelingenabuhlungu ngaphakathi ezimbalwa iiveki.

Kwimeko ye-leishmaniasis ye-mucocutaneous, izilonda zinobuzaza ngakumbi kwaye ziqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukuvula izilonda ezibandakanya inwebu yangaphakathi kunye ne-cartilage, ikakhulu impumlo, ipharynx kunye nomlomo. Oku kwenzakala kunokubangela ubunzima ekuthetheni, ekuginyeni okanye ekuphefumleni, okunokuthi kwandise umngcipheko wosulelo kwaye kukhokelele ekufeni, umzekelo.

Kwi-visceral leishmaniasis, kwelinye icala, iimpawu zinokuzivelela okungapheliyo kwaye kuhlala kukho umkhuhlane rhoqo, ukwanda kwepleen kunye nesibindi, i-anemia, ukwehla kobunzima kunye ne-edema, kwaye kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza, kuba abantu abanolu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis banokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwi-cachexia kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kukufa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lwe-leishmaniasis lwenziwa xa izilonda zokuqala zinkulu kakhulu, ziphindaphindeka okanye zikhokelele kwimpawu ezibuthathaka, kusetyenziswa i-Pentavalent Antimonials, ezinje nge-Amphotericin B, Pentamidine kunye ne-Aminosidine, umzekelo, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. leishmaniasis kunye nokhokelo lukagqirha.

3. ITrichomoniasis

I-Trichomoniasis sisifo esosulelayo nesosulela ngesondo esibangelwa yiprotozoan Trichomonas sp., Zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zifunyenwe Trichomonas lobufazi. Usulelo kwesi sifo lunokubakho kokubini amadoda nabasetyhini, kubangele iimpawu ezifanayo nosulelo lomchamo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Kwabasetyhini, iimpawu ze-trichomoniasis zithatha malunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-20 ukuba zivele, kwaye kunokubakho ukukhutshwa okuluhlaza-luhlaza kunye nevumba elomeleleyo, iintlungu xa usabelana ngesondo, iintlungu xa uchama kunye nokunyusa umdla wokuchama. Emadodeni, ezona mpawu ziphambili zicacile, ukubhobhoza kunye nokuqaqamba xa uchama. Funda indlela yokuchonga iTrichomoniasis.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lwe-Trichomoniasis lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ngokweengcebiso zonyango, zihlala zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kweTinidazole okanye iMetronidazole, umzekelo. Kubalulekile ukuba bobabini umntu osulelekileyo kunye neqabane lakhe baye kunyango itrichomoniasis nokuba akukho zimpawu.

4. Isifo seChagas

Isifo i-Chagas, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-American trypanosomiasis, sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa sisidleleli I-Trypanosoma cruzi. Esi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa sisinambuzane esaziwa njenge-barber, esikhawulezileyo emva kokuluma umntu, sizikhuphe, sikhuphe isifunxi-gazi, kwaye xa umntu ekrwempa indawo, siphela sisasaza iprotozoan sisivumele ukuba singene emzimbeni .

Nangona ukulunywa komchebi kuyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhambisa esi sifunxi-gazi, isifo sikaChagas sinokufunyanwa ngokutofelwa igazi elosulelekileyo, ukusuka kumama kuye emntwaneni ngexa lokukhulelwa okanye xa kuzalwa nangokutya ukutya okungcolileyo okwenziwa ngumchebi okanye ilindle lalo. , ikakhulu iswekile kunye neaçaí. Funda kabanzi malunga nesifo seChagas.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zesifo se-chagas ziyahluka ngokwamajoni omkhosi, kwaye zinokungabonakali, apho i-parasite ihlala emzimbeni iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu, okanye ibe neempawu ezahluka ukusuka kubunzulu ukuya kobunzima ngokwenani lezidleleli emzimbeni. kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene nesifo sikaChagas ngumkhuhlane, i-edema kwindawo yokuluma, isibindi esandisiweyo kunye ne-spleen, ukudumba kunye nentlungu kwii-lymph node kunye ne-malaise ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, ukubandakanyeka kwentliziyo kuqhelekile, kukhokelela kwintliziyo eyandisiweyo, kunye nokudumba kweenkophe.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lwesifo seChagas alukasekwa kakuhle, kodwa kuhlala kuboniswa ukuba abaguli abaneChagas baphathwa ngokusetyenziswa kweNifurtimox kunye neBenzonidazole.

5. IGiardiasis

I-Giardiasis yiparasitosis ebangelwa yiprotozoan UGiardia lamblia, Olona luhlobo kuphela lohlobo Giardia Iyakwazi ukosulela kwaye ibangele iimpawu ebantwini. Esi sifo sixhaphake ebantwaneni kwaye sinokudluliselwa ngokungenisa ii-cysts UGiardia lamblia ikhona emanzini angcolileyo, ukutya okanye okusingqongileyo, ukongeza kunxibelelwano ngqo nabantu abangcolileyo, olu hlobo losasazo luxhaphake kwiindawo apho kukho abantu abaninzi kwaye zingenazimo zempilo zaneleyo. Qonda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-giardiasis kunye nendlela edluliselwa ngayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-giardiasis zivela kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 emva koqhakamshelwano neprotozoan kwaye ubukhulu becala isisu, kunye neekram zesisu, ukwanda kwemveliso yamathumbu emathumbu, ukugaya ukutya okungalunganga, ukwehla komzimba ngokungekho ngabom kunye nohudo olunokuthi lube buthathaka kwaye luqhubeke okanye lube nzima.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lwe-giardiasis lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-antiparasite, njengeMetronidazole, iSecnidazole, iTinidazole okanye iAlbendazole, ekufuneka isetyenziswe njengokuyalelwa ngugqirha. Ukongeza, ngenxa yorhudo, kubalulekile ukuba umntu asele iziselo ezininzi ngexesha lonyango ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okuxhaphakileyo kwezi meko.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa isifo sohudo sinamandla kwaye siqhubeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu lowo asiwe kwiziko lezempilo elikufutshane okanye esibhedlele ukuze afumane i-serum ngqo emthanjeni, kwaye ke, ukupheliswa kwamanzi emzimbeni kunokuthintelwa.

6. I-Amoebiasis

I-Amoebiasis sisifo esosulelayo esiqhelekileyo ebantwaneni, sibangelwa sisidleleliEntamoeba histolytica kwaye idluliselwa ikakhulu ngokungenisa ii-cysts ezikhoyo emanzini okanye ukutya okungcoliswe lilindle. Xa ii-cysts zingena emzimbeni, zihlala zifakwe eludongeni lwe-digestive tract kwaye zikhulule iifom ezisebenzayo ze-parasite, evelisa ize iye emathunjini omntu, ibangele iimpawu zokwetyisa. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-amebiasis.

Iimpawu eziphambili: THE Entamoeba histolytica inokuhlala emzimbeni ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu zeminyaka, nangona kunjalo kuqhelekile ukuba malunga neeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokosuleleka iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala. Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-amebiasis kukungahambi kakuhle esiswini, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nobukho begazi okanye ukufihlwa esitulweni.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Unyango lwe-amebiasis lulula kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe ngeMetronidazole ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha. Ngaphandle kokuba kulula ukunyanga i-parasitosis, kubalulekile ukuba iqalwe kwakamsinya emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala, kuba Entamoeba histolytica Iyakwazi ukudlula udonga lwamathumbu kwaye isasazeke kwigazi, ifikelela kwamanye amalungu kwaye ibangele iimpawu ezibi ngakumbi.

7. Isifo seengcongconi

Isifo seengcongconi sibangelwa kukulunywa yingcongconi yobufazi Anopheles wosulelwa sisidleleli sodidi IPlasmodium spp. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezidleleli ezifumaneka eBrazil zezi IPlasmodium malariae, IPlasmodium falciparum kwaye IPlasmodium vivax. Esi sifunxi-gazi, xa singena emzimbeni, sisiya esibindini, apho siphindaphindeka khona, size sifike kwigazi, sikwazile ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, umzekelo.

Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka, ukusasazeka kwe-malaria kunokwenzeka nangokufakwa kwegazi elingcolileyo, ukwabelana ngeesirinji ezingcolileyo okanye iingozi elabhoratri, umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Ithuba lokufukama kwesifo seengcongconi, eli lixesha eliphakathi kokudibana nommeli wesi sifo kunye nokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala, liyahluka ngohlobo lweprotozoan. Mhlawumbi ku P. malariae, ixesha lokufukama ziintsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-40 P. falciparum ziintsuku ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-14 kunye P. vivax ziintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-17.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo seengcongconi ziyafana nezo zezinye izifo ezosulelayo, isifo se-malaise, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa kunye nentlungu yomhlunu. Ezi mpawu zihlala zandulela iimpawu zesifo seengcongconi, ezihlala zinxulumene nokukwazi kwesidudu ukungena kwiiseli ezibomvu ze uzitshabalalise, ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukubila, ingqele, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, intloko ebuthathaka nokuba buthathaka.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa usulelo lwenzeka ebantwaneni, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abantu abadala abangakhuselwanga mzimba kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kunokubakho ukuxhuzula, i-jaundice, i-hypoglycemia kunye notshintsho kwimeko yokuqonda, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani: Ukunyanga isifo seengcongconi, ugqirha uhlala ecebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe amachiza e-antimalarial, anikezelwa simahla yi-SUS, ngohlobo IPlasmodium, ubungqongqo beempawu, ubudala kunye nenqanaba lomzimba lomntu. Ke, ukusetyenziswa kweChloroquine, Primaquine okanye Artesunate neMefloquine, umzekelo, kunokucetyiswa. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lweMalariya.