Oko Ufanele Ukwazi Ngokukhohlela Isifo Sombefu

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zeCVA?
• Yintoni ebangela iCVA?
• Ichongwa njani iCVA?
• Inyangwa njani i-CVA?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Iingcebiso zokulawula isifuba

Ushwankathelo

Isifo sombefu yenye yezona meko zixhaphakileyo eUnited States. Ihlala izibonakalisa ngeempawu ezibandakanya ukubhuza kunye nokukhohlela.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-asthma ivela kwifom ebizwa ngokuba yi-asthma (CVA), engenazo iimpawu zesifo se-asthma. Apha ngezantsi sinika iinkcukacha ngomahluko phakathi kweCVA kunye nesifuba esinganyangekiyo.

Ziintoni iimpawu zeCVA?

I-CVA ichazwa kuphela luphawu olunye: ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okungenakucaciswa zezinye izizathu. Esi sikhohlela sihlala somile kwaye sithatha iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ubuncinci. Ayibandakanyi ezinye zezinye iimpawu zesifo sombefu, ezinje:

• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukuvutha xa uphuma
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ulwelo emiphungeni
• khohlela nge phlegm okanye mucus
• ingxaki yokulala ngenxa yazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zingasentla

Nangona i-CVA ingazivezi iimpawu ngaphandle kokukhohlela, ihlala ibangela ukwanda kokudumba kwiindlela zomoya. Ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula i-CVA ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-CVA inokuqhubela phambili ekubeni sisifo sombefu esinganyangekiyo. Amanqaku "angama-30 ukuya kuma-40 eepesenti ezigulana zabantu abadala abane-CVA, ngaphandle kokuba baphathwe kakuhle, banokuqhubela phambili kwisifo sombefu." ibonakalise ukuba i-CVA sesinye sezizathu zokukhohlela kwihlabathi liphela.

Omnye waseJapan uqaphele ukuba kwiipesenti ezingama-42 zabantu, ukukhohlela okungaqondakaliyo, okungapheliyo kwabangelwa yi-CVA. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-28 zinokuchazwa sisifo sombefu esikhohlela kakhulu, esisondele kakhulu kwiCVA. Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kungabonisa nezinye iimeko ezinje nge-postnasal drip kunye ne-GERD.

Yintoni ebangela iCVA?

Kanye njenge-asthma engapheliyo, oososayensi abazi ukuba yintoni ebangela i-CVA. Esinye sezizathu ezinokubangela kukuba i-allergen efana ne-pollen inokubangela ukukhwehlela. Enye into yokuba ukosuleleka kwinkqubo yokuphefumla kunokubangela ukukhohlela.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-CVA kwabanye abantu inokunxulunyaniswa nokuthatha ii-beta-blocker. La machiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya:

• isifo sentliziyo
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• migraines
• uxinzelelo lwegazi
• isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga

I-beta-blockers ikwafumaneka kumaconsi wamehlo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-glaucoma. I-Aspirin inokuba negalelo kwisikhohlela esidibene neCVA.

Ichongwa njani iCVA?

Ukuchonga i-CVA kunokuba ngumceli mngeni. Inophawu olunye oluphawulekayo. Abantu abane-CVA banokuba neziphumo eziqhelekileyo kuvavanyo lwe-pulmonary, njenge-spirometry, esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-asthma esiqhelekileyo.

Oogqirha bahlala besebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-methacholine yokuvavanya i-CVA. Kolu vavanyo, uphefumla imethacholine ngohlobo lwenkungu ye-aerosol ngelixa usenza i-spirometry. Ugqirha wakho emva koko ujonge iindlela zomoya njengoko zisanda kwaye zincipha. Ukuba umsebenzi wakho wemiphunga uyehla okungenani ngeepesenti ezingama-20 ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uya kufumanisa isifo sombefu.

Uvavanyo lomngeni we-methacholine luhlala lusenziwa kwindawo ekhethekileyo. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela i-CVA, banokuqala unyango lwe-asthma ngaphandle kokufumanisa isifo. Ukuba iyanceda ukulawula ukukhwehlela kwakho, oku kungangqina i-CVA.

Inyangwa njani i-CVA?

I-CVA inokunyangwa ngonyango lwesifuba esinganyangekiyo. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya:

• Ukurhoxa kwiicorticosteroids (inhalers): Enye yeendlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunyanga i-CVA kukusebenzisa i-inhalled corticosteroids, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-inhalers. Eli yeza lilawula ukukhwehlela, lithintela ukuqala kwe-wheeze, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komoya kubantu abane-CVA. Ukuba unayo i-CVA okanye i-asthma engapheliyo, kungcono ukuthatha i-inhalers yonke imihla njengoko kumiselwe. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-budesonide (Pulmicort) kunye ne-fluticasone (Flovent). Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yeyiphi i-corticosteroid ekulungeleyo kwiZiko lezeMpilo le-Asthma.
• Amayeza omlomo: Oogqirha bahlala bencedisa ii-inhalers ngeepilisi zomlomo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-leukotriene modifiers.Banceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesifuba kwiiyure ezingama-24. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-montelukast (Singulair) kunye ne-zileuton (Zyflo).
• Iibronchodilators: Ezi zinto ziyayekelela izihlunu eziqinisa ngumoya womoya, zikhokelele ekuvulekeni. Banokwenza ixesha elifutshane okanye ixesha elide. I-bronchodilators yexesha elifutshane, njenge-albuterol, isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu zesifuba ngexesha lokuhlaselwa okanye ngaphambi kokuzilolonga kakhulu. Azisetyenziswanga kunyango lwe-asthma lwemihla ngemihla. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-bronchodilators yexesha elide isetyenziswa nge-inhaled steroids yonke imihla ukulawula isifo sombefu esinganyangekiyo. I-Beta-2 agonists ngomnye umzekelo wee-bronchodilators, kwaye inokuba lixesha elifutshane okanye elibambeleyo.
• Iincwadana: Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha baya kukunika i-nebulizer ukuba amanye amayeza akasebenzi kuwe. I-Nebulizers ngokuzenzekelayo ifafaza amayeza enkungwini ngomlomo. Oku kuvumela imiphunga ukuba ilifunxe ngokulula iyeza.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

I-CVA yinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa eqhelekileyo ifom yesifuba. Inokulawulwa njenge-asthma engapheliyo. Ukuba unomkhuhlane oqhubekayo, owomileyo oqhubeka kwiiveki ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu, tyelela ingcali ye-asthma ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Iingcebiso zokulawula isifuba

Zininzi iindlela zokunceda ukuthintela uhlaselo lwesifuba ukuba uneCVA:

• Hlala uhambelana namayeza akho. Le yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu onokuyenza ukulawula isifo sombefu. Ukuthatha amayeza emihla ngemihla, njenge-inhalers, kubalulekile ekwenzeni inkqubela phambili. Ukuba uhlaselwa kukukhohlela, ukuthatha amayeza anamandla, asebenza ixesha elifutshane kubalulekile.
• Gwema i-allergen. Ezinye i-allergener zinokubangela okanye zenze mandundu iimpawu zesifuba. Oku kunokubandakanya ukungcoliseka komoya, uboya bezilwanyana, kunye ne-pollen emoyeni. Ukusuka ngo-2014 kubonise ukuba i-allergener, ngakumbi i-pollen, inokunyusa ukuvuvukala kwiindlela zomoya zabantu abane-CVA.
• Yenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Izinto zokunyusa amandla zinokuphucula ukufuma emoyeni, okulungeleyo abantu abanesifuba. Uphononongo lukaCochrane lubonisa ukuba iyoga inokuphucula iimpawu zesifuba. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izilingo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa oku.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kuya kudala ukukhwehlela ukuba une-CVA, kunye nezinye iimpawu ukuba unesifo sombefu esinganyangekiyo. Iya kwandisa umngcipheko wakho kweminye imiphunga kunye neemeko zokuphefumla.
• Sebenzisa imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubona inkqubela-phambili yakho yesifo sombefu kunye nokuba ungakubona na ugqirha ukuze ulandele.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Ukuzilolonga kuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye namandla emiphunga, kwaye kunciphisa uxinzelelo. Abantu abaninzi abathatha amayeza afanelekileyo bafumana umthambo uyindlela entle yokulawula iimpawu zeCVA.