Uvavanyo lwe-PSA: yintoni, yintoni kunye nendlela yokuqonda iziphumo

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Usiqonda njani isiphumo soviwo
• Yintoni i-PSA yasimahla?
• Ukuxinana kwePSA kunye nesantya

I-PSA, eyaziwa ngokuba yiProstatic Specific Antigen, yi-enzyme eveliswa ziiseli zeprostate ezinokunyuka koxinzelelo kunokubonisa utshintsho kwiprostate, enje ngeprostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy okanye umhlaza webala, umzekelo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA luhlala luboniswa ubuncinci kanye ngonyaka kuwo onke amadoda aneminyaka engaphezulu kwama-45 ubudala, kodwa inokusetyenziswa nanini na xa kukho urhano lwayo nayiphi na imeko yokuchama okanye yeprostate. Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lulula kwaye alunantlungu kwaye lwenziwa elebhu ngokuqokelela isampulu yegazi encinci.

Ngokubanzi, amadoda aphilileyo anenani elipheleleyo le-PSA elingaphantsi kwe-2.5 ng / ml, ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65, okanye ngaphantsi kwe-4.0 no / ml, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65. Ukonyuka kwenani le-PSA yoxinaniso akusoloko kubonisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yomhlaza wedlala lobudoda, ixabiso le-PSA linokuhlala liqhelekile kwaye, ke ngoko, urhano lomhlaza kufuneka luhlale luqinisekiswa nezinye iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo, ezinje ngovavanyo lwe-digital rectal, iMRI kunye ne-biopsy.

Yenzelwe ntoni

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uvavanyo lwe-PSA luyalelwa ngugqirha ukuvavanya ubukho beengxaki zeprostate ezinje:

• Ukudumba kweprotrate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-prostatitis (etsolo okanye engapheliyo);
• I-Benign prostatic hypertrophy, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-BPH;
• Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-PSA linokunyuswa ngenxa yosulelo oluthile lomchamo, ukugcinwa komchamo okanye ngenxa yeenkqubo zonyango ezisandula ukwenziwa kulo mmandla, njenge-cystoscopy, uvavanyo lwe-digital rectal, i-biopsy, uqhaqho lweprostate okanye ukuhanjiswa ngokutsha kwe-Prostate. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zivavanywe ngugqirha owayezicelile.

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zixhaphakileyo, ukwanda kweminyaka, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza, afana neehomoni zesilisa, kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-PSA.

Usiqonda njani isiphumo soviwo

Xa indoda inexabiso elipheleleyo le-PSA elingaphezulu kwe-4.0 ng / ml, kuyacetyiswa ukuphinda uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ixabiso, kwaye ukuba iyagcinwa kubalulekile ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa isifo kwaye ichonge unobangela. Yazi ezinye iimvavanyo ukuvavanya iprostate.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iphezulu ixabiso le-PSA lilonke, umhlaza wesibeletho uyakrokrelwa kwaye, ke ngoko, xa ixabiso lingaphezulu kwe-10 ng / ml, amathuba okuba nomhlaza wamadlala angama-50%. Ixabiso le-PSA lingahluka ngokobudala, imikhwa yabantu kunye nelabhoratri apho kwenziwa khona uvavanyo. Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso esalathiso ePSA ngala:

• Ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-65: Iyonke i-PSA ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.5 ng / mL;
• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65: Iyonke i-PSA ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4 ng / mL.

Amadoda ane-PSA athathelwa ingqalelo njengesiqhelo kwaye eneziqhuqhu kuvavanyo lweedigital rectal banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza wedlala lobudoda kunamadoda anexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu le-PSA.

Ukuze wazi ukuba lukhona na utshintsho kwi-Prostate, ophakathi ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe umlinganiso we-PSA yasimahla kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-PSA yasimahla kunye ne-PSA iyonke, ebalulekileyo ekuchongeni umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Yintoni i-PSA yasimahla?

Xa indoda ine-PSA iyonke ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo, ugqirha womchamo ubonakalisa ukufezekiswa kwe-PSA yasimahla, yokuphucula uphando lomhlaza webele. Ngokusekwe kwisiphumo se-PSA yasimahla nepheleleyo, ubudlelwane benziwa phakathi kwezi ziphumo zibini zokuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba utshintsho kwiprostate alunabungozi okanye lubi, kwimeko apho kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-prostate biopsy.

Xa umyinge phakathi kwe-PSA yasimahla nepheleleyo ingaphezulu kwe-15%, luphawu lokuba iprostate eyandisiweyo ayinabungozi, enokubonisa ukuba izifo ezinobungozi ziyakhula, ezinje nge-benign prostatic hypertrophy okanye usulelo lwe-urinary tract, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, xa lo mlinganiselo ungaphantsi kwe-15%, uhlala ubonakalisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, kunye ne-prostate biopsy iyacetyiswa ukuba iqinisekise isifo kwaye iqale unyango. Qonda ukuba kwenziwa njani i-Prostate biopsy.

Ukuxinana kwePSA kunye nesantya

I-urologist inokuvavanya ubuninzi kunye nesantya se-PSA, ubukhulu be-PSA, kokukhona kurhanelwa ubukho besifo somhlaza webele kwaye, kwimeko yexabiso lesantya se-PSA, inyuke ngaphezulu kwe-0.75 ng / ml nganye Unyaka okanye ukonyuka ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ukuba uphinde iimvavanyo, njengoko kunokubonisa umhlaza.