Yintoni i-psychoanalysis, yenziwa njani kwaye yenzelwe ntoni

Umxholo

• Kwenziwa njani
• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Iindlela zonyango lwe-psychoanalytic
• Amagama anokuwasebenzisa ngugqirha

I-Psychoanalysis luhlobo lonyango lwengqondo, oluphuhliswe ngugqirha odumileyo uSigmund Freud, osebenzela ukunceda abantu baqonde ngcono iimvakalelo zabo kunye neemvakalelo zabo, kunye nokunceda ekuchongeni indlela ukungazi okungazichaphazeli ngayo iingcinga nezenzo zemihla ngemihla.

Isayikholojisti okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo unokusebenzisa olu hlobo lwendlela yokuncedisa kunyango lwabantu abanexhala, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lwe-psychoanalysis lunokwenziwa nangubani na ofuna ukuqonda amava abo, abaneengxaki zobudlelwane okanye ubunzima bokugxila.

Iiseshini zengqondo zinokwenziwa nabantu abadala, ulutsha kunye nabantwana, ngokukodwa okanye ngokwamaqela kwaye zihlala umyinge wemizuzu engama-45, ngokuxhomekeke kunyangi. Phambi kokuqala iiseshoni, kubalulekile ukuba ufune iingcali ezifanelekileyo ukuze iziphumo zibe zezakhayo kwaye ziyanelise.

Kwenziwa njani

Iiseshoni zonyango kunye novavanyo lwe-psychoanalysis zenzeka eofisini okanye kwiklinikhi yonyango okanye i-psychoanalyst, onokuba sisayikholojisti okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, kwaye agqibe umyinge wemizuzu engama-45. Ubuninzi kunye nenani leeseshoni zichazwa ngumgqirha, kuxhomekeke kumntu kumntu.

Ngexesha leseshoni umntu ulala esofeni, obizwa ngokuba yidan, kwaye aqale ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo, isimilo, ukungqubana kwaye angadibani namehlo nonyango, ukuze angabi nazintloni zokuthetha oko akuvayo. Njengakwezinye iintlobo zonyango lwengqondo, xa umntu ethetha, ugqirha uya kujonga umthombo weengxaki zengqondo kwaye ancede umntu akhangele iindlela zokujongana nale micimbi. Bona ngakumbi malunga nezona ntlobo ziphambili zonyango lwengqondo.

Kwi-psychoanalysis, umntu angathetha nantoni na ethi qatha engqondweni, ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na izithintelo kwaye angazikhathazi ngeemvakalelo zokuziva enetyala okanye iintloni, kuba yile ndlela ugqirha aza kuba nakho ukunceda ekukhangeleni iimpendulo kwiingxaki ezikhoyo, kunye nolwazi olunikiweyo zihlala zigcinwa ziyimfihlo.

Yenzelwe ntoni

Ngokusebenzisa i-psychoanalysis umntu unokufumana ulwazi kwindawo engekho zingqondweni yakhe kwaye oku kunganceda ukuqonda iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye neengxabano zangaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, olu hlobo lonyango lunokubonakaliswa kuye nabani na ofuna ukuzazi kwaye ofuna ukuqonda ukuba kutheni evakalelwa ziimvakalelo ezithile.

I-Therapist, xa ithetha nomntu, inokunceda ekuchongeni oonobangela abakhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu zoxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-psychoanalysis, kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zengqondo, njengoko kuhlala kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amayeza kunyango.

Ukongeza, ezinye iingxaki ezinokunceda ukujongana ne-psychoanalysis zibandakanya iimvakalelo zokuzahlula, ukutshintsha kweemvakalelo ezinzima, ukuzithemba okuphantsi, ubunzima bezesondo, ukungonwabi rhoqo, iingxabano phakathi kwabantu, ubunzima bokugxila, unxunguphalo olugqithisileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuzenzakalisayo, njengokusebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi.

Iindlela zonyango lwe-psychoanalytic

I-Psychoanalysis ineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule obuya kuboniswa ngokwengcebiso yengcali, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye. Obu buchule bunokuba:

• Iingqondo: yindlela esetyenziswa nabantu abadala, apho i-Therapist ihleli ijongane nomntu. Rhoqo iinjongo zakho zijolise ekusombululeni uhlobo oluthile lweengxaki ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo;
• I-Psychodrama: ikwasetyenziswa nakubantu abadala, kuba ibandakanya ukuyilwa kwesenzeko esinyani esifana nesiganeko sokwenyani sobomi bomntu, njengokulwa, umzekelo. Ingcali yonyango ihlalutya izenzo zomntu ukuze aqonde iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga zakhe;
• Umntwana: ubuchule obusetyenziswa ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo abaneengxaki ezithile, ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ukungalali, ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukucinga kakhulu, ubunzima bokufunda kunye nengxaki yokutya;
• Izibini:kusebenza ukuqonda ukutshintsha kobudlelwane phakathi kwezibini, ukunceda ekunciphiseni ukungavisisani kunye nokuncedisa kukhangelo lokusonjululwa kwengxabano;
• Amaqela ezengqondo: kuxa i-Therapist inceda iqela labantu ukuba liqonde iimvakalelo zabo kunye, bexhasana.

I-Psychoanalysis isetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokunyanga iingxaki ezininzi kunye neemeko, kwaye isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona inokuba yinkqubo ende, unyango lwengqondo kunye noxilongo lwengqondo lunceda unyango lweemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwaye kunceda abantu ukuba baphile ngcono nabo kunye nabanye, nokuba kungasetyenziswa buphi ubuchule.

Amagama anokuwasebenzisa ngugqirha

Ukunceda umntu aqonde iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, ugqirha unokusebenzisa amanye amagama asetyenziswa kakhulu kolu hlobo lonyango lwengqondo, njenge:

• Akukho zingqondweni: yinxalenye yengqondo engaziwa ngeengcinga zemihla ngemihla, ziimvakalelo ezifihlakeleyo kwaye umntu akazi ukuba unazo;
• Amava abantwana: ziimeko ezenzeka ngexesha lobuntwana, ezinje ngeminqweno kunye noloyiko olungasombululwanga ngelo xesha kwaye ezivelisa ukungavisisani ebudaleni;
• Amaphupha athetha: isetyenziselwa ukuqonda iminqweno engaziwayo kunye nemibono xa umntu evukile, kwaye la maphupha ahlala ebonisa iintsingiselo ezingaziwayo;
• I-ego, i-id kunye ne-superego: i-ego yinxalenye yengqondo ekhalimela izenzo kunye neemvakalelo, i-id yinxalenye apho iinkumbulo zokungazi nto, kunye ne-superego sisazela.

Nangona kukho iindlela ezithile zokwenza i-psychoanalysis, i-Therapist nganye inokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kumntu ngamnye kunye neenjongo abafuna ukuziphumeza.