Ukuphazamiseka kwesiQinisekiso esiSebenzayo soBusana okanye ukuKhula kwabaNtwana

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yokuncamathela okusebenzayo?
• Ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga
• Ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga
• Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathisela okusebenzayo?
• Isifo sokuncamathisela esisebenzayo sisebenza njani?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango olusebenzayo lokuncamathisela?
• Unokuthintela njani ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathela okusebenzayo?
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Yintoni ingxaki yokuncamathela okusebenzayo (RAD)?

Ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathela okusebenzayo (RAD) yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa enzulu. Ithintela abantwana kunye nabantwana ekwenzeni ubudlelwane obunempilo nabazali babo okanye abanonopheli bokuqala. Uninzi lwabantwana abane-RAD baye bafumana ukungakhathalelwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo okanye ukuxhatshazwa, okanye baba ziinkedama kwasekuqaleni ebomini.

I-RAD ikhula xa ezona mfuno zisisiseko zomntwana zokukhulisa, uthando kunye nentuthuzelo zingakhange zifezekiswe. Oku kuyabanqanda ekwenzeni ubudlelwane obunempilo nabanye.

I-RAD inokuthatha iifom ezimbini. Inokubangela ukuba umntwana aphephe ubudlelwane okanye afune ukuhoywa.

I-RAD inokuba neziphumo ezibi kuphuhliso lomntwana. Inokubayeka ekwenzeni ubudlelwane bexesha elizayo. Yimeko ehlala ihleli, kodwa uninzi lwabantwana abane-RAD ekugqibeleni banako ukukhulisa ubudlelwane obunempilo nobuzinzileyo nabanye ukuba bafumana unyango kunye nenkxaso.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yokuncamathela okusebenzayo?

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, iimpawu ze-RAD ziya kubonakala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5, rhoqo xa umntwana eselusana. Iimpawu kwiintsana kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuziqonda kunakubantwana abadala kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• ukungakhathali
• ukurhoxa
• andinamdla wokudlala okanye imidlalo
• ungancumi okanye ufune intuthuzelo
• hayi ukufikelela ekuthatheni

Abantwana abadala baya kubonisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokurhoxa, ezinje:

• ukuvela ngokungathandekiyo kwiimeko zentlalo
• ukunqanda amagama athuthuzelayo okanye isenzo esivela kwabanye
• ukufihla iimvakalelo zomsindo
• Ukubonisa ukudubuleka okugwenxa koontanga

Ukuba i-RAD iyaqhubeka nakwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, inokukhokelela ekusebenziseni iziyobisi okanye iziyobisi gwenxa.

Njengoko abantwana abane-RAD bekhula, banokukhulisa indlela yokuziphatha engathintelwanga okanye ethintelweyo. Abanye abantwana bakhula bobabini.

Ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga

Iimpawu zolu hlobo lokuziphatha zibandakanya:

• Ukufuna ingqalelo kuyo yonke into, nkqu nabantu ongabaziyo
• izicelo rhoqo zoncedo
• isimilo somntwana
• ixhala

Ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga

Iimpawu zolu hlobo lokuziphatha zibandakanya:

• ukunqanda ubudlelwane
• ukwala uncedo
• ukwala intuthuzelo
• bonisa iimvakalelo ezinqunyelwe

Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathisela okusebenzayo?

I-RAD kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke xa umntwana:

• uhlala kwikhaya labantwana okanye kwiziko
• utshintsha abanonopheli, njengakukugcina abantwana
• yahlulwe kubanonopheli ixesha elide
• unomama onesifo sokudakumba emva kokubeleka

Isifo sokuncamathisela esisebenzayo sisebenza njani?

Ukufumanisa i-RAD, ugqirha kufuneka amisele ukuba usana okanye umntwana uyahlangabezana neemeko zomgangatho. Iikhrayitheriya ze-RAD zibandakanya:

• ukuba nobudlelwane kwezentlalo obungafanelekanga ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-5 engekho ngenxa yokulibaziseka kophuhliso
• kukungafaneleki ekuhlaleni kunye nabantu ongabaziyo okanye ungabinako ukuphendula kunxibelelwano nabanye
• ukuba nabanonopheli bokuqala abangaphumeleliyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo

Uvavanyo lwengqondo lomntwana nalo luyimfuneko. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukujonga kunye nokuhlalutya indlela umntwana asebenzisana ngayo nabazali
• ukucacisa kunye nokuhlalutya indlela yokuziphatha komntwana kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo
• kuvavanywa indlela yokuziphatha komntwana kwisithuba sexesha
• ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha komntwana kweminye imithombo, efana nosapho olwandisiweyo okanye ootitshala
• Ukuchaza imbali yobomi bomntwana
• ukuvavanya amava abazali kunye neenkqubo zemihla ngemihla zomntwana

Ugqirha kuya kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba iingxaki zokuziphatha komntwana azikho ngenxa yesinye isimilo okanye imeko yengqondo. Iimpawu zeRAD ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana:

• Ingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle (ADHD)
• Ukoyika intlalo
• Unxunguphalo
• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva (PTSD)
• Autism okanye Autism spectrum disorder

Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango olusebenzayo lokuncamathisela?

Emva kovavanyo lwengqondo, ugqirha womntwana uya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango. Elona candelo libalulekileyo kunyango kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ukwindawo ekhuselekileyo neyamkelekileyo.

Inqanaba elilandelayo kukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi komntwana nabazali babo okanye nabanonopheli bokuqala. Oku kunokuthatha uhlobo lothotho lweeklasi zokuba ngumzali eziyilelwe ukuphucula izakhono zobuzali. Iiklasi zinokudityaniswa neengcebiso kusapho ukunceda ukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi komntwana kunye nabo babakhathalelayo. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa inqanaba lokudibana ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kwabo kuya kunceda inkqubo yokubopha.

Iinkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa zinokunceda ukuba umntwana unengxaki esikolweni.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokuyalela amayeza anje ngokukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ukuba umntwana unexhala okanye uxinzelelo. Imizekelo yee-SSRI zibandakanya i-fluoxetine (Prozac) kunye ne-sertraline (iZoloft).

NgokweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, i-fluoxetine kuphela kwe-FDA evunyiweyo ye-FDA yabantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 nangaphezulu.

Kubalulekile ukubeka esweni abantwana abathatha ezi ndidi zamayeza ngeengcinga zokuzibulala okanye indlela yokuziphatha. Esi sisiphumo secala esinokubakho, kodwa asiqhelekanga.

Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo nolukhawulezileyo, umntwana one-RAD angakhula nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko, njengoxinzelelo, unxunguphalo kunye ne-PTSD.

Unokuthintela njani ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathela okusebenzayo?

Unako ukunciphisa amathuba okuba umntwana wakho akhule i-RAD ngokunyamekela iimfuno zomzimba kunye neemvakalelo zomntwana wakho ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ufumana umntwana omncinci kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba umntwana ukhathalelwe. Umngcipheko we-RAD uphezulu kubantwana abanonophelo babo abatshintshile rhoqo.

Kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha nabanye abazali, ufune iingcebiso, okanye uye kwiiklasi zokuba ngumzali. Zininzi iincwadi ezibhaliweyo malunga ne-RAD kunye nokuba ngumzali usempilweni okunokuba luncedo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki enokuthi ichaphazele amandla akho okunyamekela umntwana wakho.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Umbono womntwana one-RAD ulungile ukuba umntwana ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Kukho izifundo ezimbalwa zexesha elide ze-RAD, kodwa oogqirha bayazi ukuba kunokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha ebomini kamva ukuba ayinyangwa. Ezi ngxaki zisusela ekuziphatheni okulawulayo okugqithisileyo ukuya ekuzenzakaliseni.