Yehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Umxholo

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Kunyaka ophelileyo, uzibonile iintloko-ezivela "kuGonyo lweCancer lweKamva?" ukuya "Indlela yokuBulala uMhlaza" --ebeziimpawu zempumelelo enkulu kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Inene, bekukho iindaba ezimnandi kubasetyhini kulo mmandla weyeza: Amandla ogonyo, kunye nezikhokelo ezitsha zovavanyo, kuthetha ukuba oogqirha bavala iindlela ezingcono zokulawula, ukunyanga kunye nokuthintela esi sifo se-gynecologic, esibetha i-13,000. Abasetyhini baseMelika kwaye bathatha ubomi be-4,100 ngonyaka.

Enye yezona nkqubela phambili ibalulekileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo kukufumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-99.8 zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zibangelwa ziintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane eyosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-human papillomavirus, okanye i-HPV. Le ntsholongwane ixhaphake kangangokuba iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantu baseMelika ababelana ngesondo bayifumana ngamanye amaxesha ebomini babo kwaye izigidi ezi-5.5 zezigidi zenzeka minyaka le. Njengomphumo wokosulelwa, malunga neepesenti enye yabantu bakhula iintsumpa kumalungu okuzala kunye neepesenti ezili-10 zabasetyhini abahluza izilonda ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezinobuzaza kumlomo wesibeleko, ezihlala zifunyanwa kuvavanyo lwePap.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuze uzikhusele kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko? Nazi iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nosulelo lwe-HPV.

1. Siza kufumaneka nini isitofu sokugonya somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweli-10, zitsho iingcali. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uphononongo lwakutsha nje lupapashwe Ijenali eNtsha yaseNgilani yoNyango yabonisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sinokunika ukhuseleko lwe-100 lepesenti kwi-HPV 16, uhlobo oluqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. I-Merck Research Laboratories, ephuhlise isitofu sokugonya esisetyenzisiweyo kuphononongo, okwangoku isebenza kwenye indlela eya kukhusela kwiintlobo ezine ze-HPV: i-16 kunye ne-18, enegalelo kwi-70 yepesenti yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, utsho umbhali wophononongo uLaura A. Koutsky, Ph. .D., IYunivesithi yaseWashington i-epidemiologist, kunye ne-HPV 6 kunye ne-11, ezibangela iipesenti ezingama-90 zeemfazwe zesini.

Kodwa nokuba isitofu sokugonya sifumaneka, akunakwenzeka ukuba wena, owasetyhini omdala, ube ngowokuqala emgceni wokusifumana. "Abona baviwa babalaseleyo baya kuba ngamantombazana namakhwenkwe aneminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-13," utshilo uKoutsky. "Kufuneka sigonye abantu phambi kokuba babelane ngesondo kwaye babe sesichengeni sentsholongwane."

Amachiza aliqela onyango- anokuthi anikwe emva kokosuleleka ukukhawulezisa impendulo yomzimba kwintsholongwane- nawo ayafundwa, utshilo uThomas C. Wright Jr., MD, unjingalwazi onxulumene nezifo kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kwisiXeko saseNew York, kodwa ayiboniswanga ukuba iyasebenza (okwangoku).

2. Ngaba ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV ziyingozi kunezinye?

Ewe. Kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV ezichongiweyo, ezininzi (ezinje nge-HPV 6 kunye ne-11) ziyaziwa ukuba zibangela iintsumpa zangasese, ezinobungozi kwaye zingadibani nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezinye, ezifana ne-HPV 16 kunye ne-18, ziyingozi ngakumbi. Ingxaki kukuba nangona uvavanyo lwe-HPV olukhoyo ngoku (jonga impendulo engu-6 ngolwazi oluthe kratya) unokufumana iintlobo ezili-13 ze-HPV, ayinakukuxelela ukuba unabuphi ubunzima.

UThomas Cox, MD, umlawuli weKlinikhi yaBasetyhini kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara, uxela ukuba kuphuhliswa iimvavanyo ezintsha ezinokuthi zikwazi ukukhetha iintlobo ezithile, kodwa zingafumaneki komnye unyaka okanye emibini. “Olu vavanyo luya kukwazi ukuxela ukuba ngaba unesifo esithe gqolo se-HPV esisesichengeni, esonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, okanye uhlobo lwe-HPV olunokuba ludlulayo [okt, luya kuzihambela lodwa] okanye lusemngciphekweni omncinci, Wongeza ngelithi.

3. Ngaba iyanyangeka i-HPV?

Inokuxoxwa. Oogqirha abanayo nayiphi na indlela yokulwa intsholongwane uqobo. Nangona kunjalo, banokunyanga utshintsho lweeseli kunye neemfazwe zangasese ezinokubangela ngamayeza anje nge-Aldara (imiquimod) kunye neCondylox (podofilox) okanye ngokubanda, ukutshisa okanye ukusika iintsumpa. Okanye banokucebisa ngokujonga iimeko zotshintsho olongezelelweyo. Ngapha koko, iipesenti ezingama-90 zosulelo-- nokuba zivelisa iimpawu okanye aziveli-- ziya kunyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini. Kodwa oogqirha abazi ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba uphilisiwe kwintsholongwane okanye ukuba amajoni akho omzimba sele eyinqobile kwaye ilele emzimbeni wakho ngendlela eyenzeka ngayo intsholongwane ye-herpes.

4. Ngaba ndingafumana uvavanyo olutsha lwe-"Pap yolwelo" endaweni ye-Pap smear?

Kukho izizathu ezilungileyo zokufumana i-ThinPrep, njengoko kubizwa ngokuba lulwelo uvavanyo lwe-cytology, utshilo uCox. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zijonga utshintsho lweseli kumlomo wesibeleko ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza, kodwa i-ThinPrep ivelisa iisampulu ezingcono zohlalutyo kwaye ichaneke ngakumbi kunePap smear. Ukongeza, iiseli ezikhutshwe kumlomo wesibeleko seThinPrep zinokuhlahlelwa i-HPV kunye nezinye ii-STIs, ke ukuba kufunyenwe into engaqhelekanga, awunyanzelekanga ukuba ubuyele kugqirha wakho ukunika enye isampulu. Ngezi zizathu, uvavanyo lolwelo ngoku lolona vavanyo luvavanyo lomhlaza wesibeleko olwenziwa eUnited States. (Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufumanayo, buza ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi.)

5. Ingaba kusafuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwePap minyaka le?

Izikhokelo ezitsha ezivela kwiAmerican Cancer Society zithi ukuba ukhetha i-ThinPrep endaweni yokwenza iPap smear, kuya kufuneka uvavanywe kuphela rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuba ungaphezulu kwama-30 (emva kokuba umngcipheko wakho wosulelo lwe-HPV wehla) kwaye ube neziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezilandelelanayo ezintathu, ungabeka uvavanyo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.

Enye i-caveat kukuba nokuba utsiba iiPaps zonyaka, ii-gynecologists zisacebisa ukuba ufumane uvavanyo lwe-pelvic ngonyaka ngamnye ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ama-ovari akho aqhelekileyo kwaye, ukuba awukho umfazi omnye, ukuvavanya ezinye ii-STIs, ezifana ne-chlamydia.

6. Ngoku kukho uvavanyo lwe-HPV. Ngaba kufuneka ndiyifumane?

Okwangoku, kufanelekile ukuba unesiphumo sovavanyo lwePap esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yi-ASCUS, emele i-Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (jonga impendulo enguNombolo yesi-7 malunga nalonto), kuba ukuba iziphumo zi-positive, ixelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uyayidinga. ukuvavanywa kwakhona okanye unyango. Kwaye ukuba azinayo, ufumana isiqinisekiso sokuba akukho mngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Kodwa uvavanyo lwe-HPV alufanelanga kuvavanyo lonyaka lokuhlola (nokuba luvavanyo lwePap okanye lodwa), kuba lunokuthatha usulelo lwethutyana, olukhokelela kuvavanyo olungeyomfuneko kunye noxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isandula ukuvuma ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo kunye ne-Pap smear yabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, kwaye oogqirha abaninzi bancomela ukuba wenze uvavanyo kabini rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu. "Elo xesha linokunika ixesha eloneleyo lokubamba izibeleko zomlomo wesibeleko, ezicothayo ukuqhubela phambili," utshilo uWright, ngelixa engachongi amatyala okwethutyana. (Ewe kunjalo, kuphela ukuba iziphumo ziqhelekile. Ukuba aziqhelekanga, uyakufuna ukuphinda uphinde uvavanye.)

7. Ukuba ndifumana iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zovavanyo lwePap, loluphi olunye uvavanyo endilifunayo?

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwePap lubuyisiwe kunye neziphumo ze-ASCUS, izikhokelo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba unokhetho oluchanekileyo oluchanekileyo lokufumana isifo: Unokuba novavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo lwePap phakathi kweenyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu, uvavanyo lwe-HPV, okanye icolposcopy (inkqubo yeofisi ngexesha apho ugqirha asebenzise umda okhanyisiweyo ukujonga abantu abanokuba ngabanomhlaza). Ezinye iziphumo ezinokubakho ngokungathandekiyo ezinokubakho ngokuxakekileyo ezinje nge-AGUS, i-LSIL kunye ne-HSIL- kufuneka zilandelwe kwangoko nge-colposcopy, utshilo uDiane Solomon, MD, iNational Cancer Institute, oncede ukuyila izikhokelo zamva nje ngalo mbandela.

8. Ukuba ndine-HPV, ngaba inkwenkwe okanye iqabane lam kufuneka naye avavanywe?

Hayi, akukho sizathu sokwenza oko, utshilo uCox, kuba mhlawumbi wabelana ngolosuleleko kwaye akukho nto inokwenziwa ukunyanga ukuba akanazo iintsumpa okanye utshintsho lwe-HPV (eyaziwa njengezilonda) kwilungu lakhe lobuni. Ngaphezulu, akukho luvavanyo luvunyiweyo lwe-FDA lwamadoda.

Ngokudluliselwa kwe-HPV kumaqabane amatsha, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ezinxulumene ne-HPV, kubandakanya iintsumpa kumalungu esini kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kodwa iikhondom zibonakala ngathi zikhuselekile ngandlela ithile, kuba azigubungeli lonke ulusu lobuni. “Ukuzikhwebula yeyona ndlela yokwenyani yokuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HPV,” uyacacisa uWright. Xa iyeza lokugonya le-HPV lifumaneka, nangona kunjalo, amadoda-okanye ngakumbi amakhwenkwe afikisayo-aya kujolisa kugonyo kunye namantombazana akwiminyaka efanayo.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwi-HPV, nxibelelana:

Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika (800-783-9877, www.ashastd.org) - Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwe-STD (800-227-8922, www.cdc.gov/std)

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