Ukuxhathisa kwebacteria: yintoni, kutheni isenzeka kwaye ungayiphepha njani

Umxholo

• Kwenzeka njani ukuba kuthintelwe isibulala-zintsholongwane
• Iibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo
• Ungakuphepha njani ukunganyangeki zintsholongwane

Ukuxhathisa kwebhakteria kuchaphazela ukukwazi kwebhakteria ukuxhathisa isenzo sezinye i-antibiotics ngenxa yendlela yokulungelelanisa kunye neendlela zokuxhathisa, ezihlala zisisiphumo sokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antimicrobials. Ke, ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwebhakteria, iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane eliqhele ukusetyenziswa kunyango alusasebenzi, lenza ukuba ukulwa nokulwa nosulelo kube nzima kwaye kudle ixesha, kwaye kunokuba mandundu imeko yonyango lomntu.

Xa iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane lisebenza, intsholongwane iyakwazi ukunciphisa izinga lokuphindaphindeka okanye isuswe emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, xa ibhaktiriya ifumana ukunganyangeki kwintsholongwane ethile, iyakwazi ukwanda ngaphandle kokubakho kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye ibenokubangela ukosuleleka okunzima ekunzima ukunyanga.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibacteria iyamelana nenye kuphela ye-antimicrobial, njengakwimeko ye I-Enterococcus sp., umzekelo, apho ezinye iintlobo zinganyangekiyo neVancomycin. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-bacterium enganyangekiyo kwiintsholongwane ezininzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-superbug okanye i-bacteria eninzi, njengoko kunjalo UKlebsiella umvelisi we-carbapenemase, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-KPC.

Kwenzeka njani ukuba kuthintelwe isibulala-zintsholongwane

Ukuxhathisa kwii-antibiotics kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane, oko kukuthi, xa umntu esebenzisa isibulali zintsholongwane ngaphandle kwengcebiso yezonyango okanye xa engalwenzi unyango olupheleleyo, umzekelo. Ezi meko zinokuthanda ukuphuculwa kweendlela zokuziqhelanisa kunye nokumelana neebhaktiriya ngokuchasene ne-antibiotic esele isetyenzisiwe, ukuze ihlale emzimbeni ixesha elide, yande kwaye ifikelele kwigazi, ichaza i-sepsis.

Iibhaktheriya ezichasayo ziyakwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokulula kwaye ngaloo ndlela zidlulisele izakhi zazo zokumelana nezinye izizukulwana. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba uguquko olutsha lwenzeka kwimfuzo yezi ntsholongwane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iincindi ze-superbugs, ezo zinganyangekiyo kuhlobo olunye lweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane. Okukhona kuthomalalisa iintsholongwane, kokukhona kunzima ukunyanga, kuba zimbalwa i-antibiotics ezikhoyo ezinokunyanga usulelo.

Iibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo

Iibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo zifumaneka ngokulula kwindawo yesibhedlele ngenxa yeenkqubo zokungeniswa kwezigulana, ezingaphaya kokungenelela, kwimeko apho ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ezibanzi ezibanzi kuyafuneka, ezizizo ezisebenza ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya I-pathogenic, enokuthanda ukunganyangeki.

Ukongeza, iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo zihlala zihambelana nemeko yesibhedlele ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwee-antibiotics ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele, amajoni omzimba wabantu kunye nokuchaphazeleka ixesha elide kwiiarhente ezosulelayo kunye nee-antimicrobials ngenxa yokuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele.

Phakathi kweentsholongwane eziphambili ezinganyangekiyo zezi UKlebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), IStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), enganyangekiyo neMethicillin, Acinetobacter baumannii kwaye Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ezinganyangekiyo kwii-carbapenem antibiotics. Yazi iibacteria eziphambili.

Ungakuphepha njani ukunganyangeki zintsholongwane

Ukuxhathisa i-Antibiotic kunokuthintelwa ngokulula ngezenzo ezilula, ezinje:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso yonyango;
• Ixesha kunye nedosi yeyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka liboniswe ngugqirha kwaye lisetyenziswe ngokwesikhokelo sakhe, nokuba kukunyamalala kweempawu;
• Musa ukuphazamisa unyango lwe-antibiotic nangona kungekho zibonakaliso zentsholongwane.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina ucoceko lwezandla olufanelekileyo, uhlambe ukutya kakuhle ngaphambi kokukulungiselela, ube nezitofu zokugonya zisexesheni kwaye unxibelelane nabantu abasesibhedlele besebenzisa izinto ezikhuselayo, ezinje ngeemaski kunye nee gown, umzekelo.

Ukuthintela ukunganyangeki ziintsholongwane, kubalulekile ukuba izibhedlele ziphonononge ezona bhakteriya zixhaphakileyo esibhedlele kunye neeyunithi zezigulana ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zichonge ubuntununtunu kunye nepropathi yokuchasana kwezi ntsholongwane.

Nje ukuba yaziwe ukuba zeziphi iibhaktheriya ezixhaphakileyo kunye neempawu zazo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wamkele iindlela zokuthintela usulelo esibhedlele. Ukuqhubeka kwemfundo kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi bezempilo abakhoyo esibhedlele kubalulekile ukuthintela usulelo lwe-nosocomial kunye nophuhliso lweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo. Jonga indlela yokuthintela usulelo lwe-nosocomial.