Ukuhambelana kweRh

Umxholo

• Yintoni iRh engahambelani?
• I-Rh factor ikuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zokungahambelani kweRh?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokungahambelani kweRh?
• Kufunyaniswa njani ukuba i-Rh iyahambelana?
• Uphathwa njani ukungangqinelani kweRh?
• Ngaba zikhona iingxaki?
• Ngaba ukungahambelani kweRh kungathintelwa?

Yintoni iRh engahambelani?

Xa owasetyhini kunye nosana lwakhe olungekazalwa bephethe iiprotein ezahlukeneyo zeRhesus (Rh), imeko yabo ibizwa ngokuba yiRh ayihambelani. Kwenzeka xa umfazi engenayo i-Rh kwaye umntwana wakhe ene-Rh. I-Rh factor yiprotein ethile efumaneka kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Njengohlobo lwegazi lakho, uzuza ilifa lakho kuhlobo lweR Rh kubazali bakho. Uninzi lwabantu lune-Rh, kodwa ipesenti encinci yabantu ayinayo i-Rh. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanayo iprotheni yeRh.

I-Rh factor ikuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?

Uphawu oluqinisekileyo okanye olubi emva kokuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho lubonisa iRh factor yakho. Umzekelo, “uhlobo lwegazi: AB +” lunokubhalwa kwirekhodi yakho yonyango.

I-Rh factor yakho ayichaphazeli ngqo impilo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, iRh factor ibalulekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba umfazi akanayo i-Rh kwaye umntwana wakhe une-Rh, umzimba womfazi uya kusondela kwiprotheyini ene-Rh njengento yasemzini, ukuba amajoni akhe omzimba avele kuyo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba iiseli zegazi ezisuka emntwaneni wakho zinqumla igazi lakho, elinokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka kunye nokuhanjiswa, amajoni akho omzimba aya kwenza ii-antibodies ngokuchasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana wakho.

Amajoni omzimba ngamalungu omzimba wakho. Batshabalalisa izinto zangaphandle.

Ukuba unodidi lwegazi olune-Rh-negative, uthathwa ngokuba "ukhuthazekile" kwiindidi zegazi ezakhayo wakuba umzimba wakho wenze la machiza.

Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho ungathumela la magciwane kwi-placenta ukuze ahlasele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana wakho. I-placenta yakho lilungu elidibanisa wena nosana lwakho.

Ziintoni iimpawu zokungahambelani kweRh?

Iimpawu zokungahambelani kwe-Rh kusana lwakho olungekazalwa zinokuvela kubumnene ukuya ekusongeleni ubomi. Xa ii-antibodies zakho zihlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana wakho, isifo se-hemolytic sinokubakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana wakho zitshatyalalisiwe.

Xa iiseli ezibomvu ezisempilweni zomntwana wakho zitshatyalalisiwe, i-bilirubin iya kwakha egazini labo.

I-Bilirubin yikhemikhali eyenziwe ngokudilika kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. I-bilirubin eninzi ngumqondiso wokuba isibindi, esinoxanduva lokuqhubekeka kweeseli ezindala zegazi, sinengxaki.

Usana lwakho lunokuba nolunye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ukuba amanqanaba e-bilirubin aphezulu emva kokuzalwa:

• i-jaundice, ubumthubi besikhumba kunye namhlophe ngamehlo
• ukungakhathali
• ithoni yezihlunu ezisezantsi

Ezi mpawu ziya kudamba emva kokugqiba unyango lokungahambelani kweRh.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokungahambelani kweRh?

Nawuphi na umfazi ongenayo i-Rh kwaye enomntwana nomntu one-Rh-positive okanye onesimo se-Rh esingaziwayo usengozini yokungahambelani kwe-Rh. Nangona kunjalo, unikwe ipesenti esezantsi yabantu abane-rH-negative iintlobo zegazi, oku akwenzeki rhoqo.

NgokweZiko leGazi laseStanford, ipesenti yeentlobo zegazi ziyehla ngokulandelayo:

Kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba uvelise izilwa-buhlungu, ngenxa yoko abantwana abangamazibulo bahlala bengachaphazeleki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama wakhuthazeka ngenxa yokuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukukhupha isisu, ukuzalwa kwakhe kokuqala kunokuchaphazeleka kukungahambelani kukaR.

Umama unokuchaphazeleka kwigazi eline-Rh ngexesha lokuvavanywa okanye kweenkqubo ezithile zokubeleka. Omnye umzekelo yi-amniocentesis. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa inaliti ukususa olunye ulwelo oluvela kwingxowa ejikeleze umntwana wakho. Olu lwelo lunokuvavanywa kwiingxaki kwimveku engekazalwa.

Kufunyaniswa njani ukuba i-Rh iyahambelana?

Uvavanyo lwegazi ukumisela imeko yakho ye-Rh luya kwenziwa kutyelelo lwakho lokuqala kokubeleka nogqirha wakho.

Ukuba awunayo i-Rh, iqabane lakho linokuvavanywa kwakhona. Ukuba iqabane lakho likwayi-Rh-negative, awunanto yakwenza nexhala. Ukuba iqabane lakho li-Rh-positive kwaye awunayo i-Rh, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga le miqondiso ilandelayo yokungahambelani kweRh.

Uvavanyo lwe-Coombs olungathanga ngqo luphawu lokungahambelani kwe-Rh. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa isampulu yegazi ukukhangela ubukho beentsholongwane ezitshabalalisa iiseli ngaphakathi kwiplasma yegazi lakho.

Amanqanaba aphezulu kunesiqhelo e-bilirubin egazini losana lwakho luphawu lokungahambelani kwe-Rh. Kwixesha elipheleleyo lomntwana ongaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24 ubudala, amanqanaba e-bilirubin kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe-6.0 milligrams kwi-deciliter nganye.

Iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu kwigazi lomntwana wakho zingabonisa ukungahambelani kweRh. Oku kunokugqitywa bubume kunye nokwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi xa kuvavanywa phantsi kwemicroscope.

Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya igazi lomntwana wakho ubukho beentsholongwane zoomama ezichitha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Uphathwa njani ukungangqinelani kweRh?

Unyango lujolise ekuthinteleni iziphumo zokungangqinelani. Kwiimeko ezinobulali, umntwana unokunyangwa emva kokuzalwa nge:

• uthotho lotofelo-gazi
• ulwelo lokuhambisa amanzi
• ii-electrolyte, ezizizinto ezilawula imetabolism
• Unyango

I-Phototherapy ibandakanya ukugcina umntwana wakho kufutshane nezibane ze-fluorescent ukunceda ukunciphisa i-bilirubin egazini labo.

Ezi nkqubo zinokuphindaphindwa de kususwe ii-antibodies ze-Rh-negative kunye ne-bilirubin egqithisileyo kwigazi lomntwana wakho. Nokuba kufuneka iphinde yenzeke kuxhomekeke kubuzaza bemeko yosana lwakho.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ugqirha wakho ugqiba ukuba sele uvelise ii-antibodies ngokuchasene nosana lwakho, ukukhulelwa kwakho kuya kujongwa ngononophelo.

Unokuyithintela imiphumo yokungahambelani kweRh ngokufumana inaliti yeRh immune globulins (RhIg) ngexesha lekota yakho yokuqala, ngexesha lokuphuphuma kwesisu, okanye xa usopha xa ukhulelwe.

Le mveliso yegazi iqulethe ii-antibodies kwi-Rh factor. Ukuba umntwana wakho unegazi eline-Rh, kuya kufuneka ufumane inaliti yesibini kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ubelekile.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye zinobuzaza, uthotho lotofelo-gazi olukhethekileyo lunokwenziwa ngelixa umntwana wakho ekwisibeleko sakho okanye emva kokubeleka.

Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo ye-RhIg shots yenze ukuba olu nyango lufuneke kuphela ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yamatyala okungahambelani kwe-Rh e-United States.

Umbono ngokubanzi ulungile kwiimeko ezinobumnene zokungahambelani kweRh.

Ngaba zikhona iingxaki?

Iimeko ezinzima, apho iziphumo zokungahambelani kweRh zingathintelwa, kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzima. Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya:

• ukulimala kwengqondo emntwaneni, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-kernicterus
• ukwanda kolwelo okanye ukudumba elusaneni
• ingxaki yokusebenza kwengqondo, ukuhamba, ukuva, kunye nentetho
• ukuxhuzula
• ianemia
• ukumelwa yintliziyo

Ukufa komntwana nako kunokwenzeka. Ukungahambelani kweRh kunqabile ukuba yingxaki kumazwe anyango olufanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo.

Ngaba ukungahambelani kweRh kungathintelwa?

Le meko iyathinteleka. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unohlobo lwegazi olungena-Rh, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ukumisela esona sicwangciso silungileyo.

Ukuba utata womntwana wakho uneRh-positive okanye uhlobo lwegazi lakhe alaziwa, ukufumana unyango lothintelo nge-immune globulins kuya kuthintela iziphumo ezibi.