Yintoni uRubella kunye nokunye ukuthandabuza oku-7 okuqhelekileyo

Umxholo

• 1. Ziintoni iimpawu zesi sifo?
• 2. Zeziphi iimvavanyo eziqinisekisa irubella?
• 3. Yintoni ebangela irubella?
• 4. Ngaba irubella ekukhulelweni inzulu?
• 5. Inokuthintelwa njani i-rubella?
• 6. Lwenziwa njani unyango?
• 7. Ngaba iyeza lokuthintela irubella libuhlungu?

I-Rubella sisifo esosulelayo esiye sibanjwe emoyeni kwaye sibangelwa yintsholongwane yoluhlobo Irubivirus. Esi sifo sizibonakalisa ngeempawu ezinjengamabala amancinci abomvu kulusu olujikelezwe bubomvu obuqaqambileyo, sisasazeka emzimbeni wonke, nakumkhuhlane.

Unyango lwaso kukulawula kuphela iimpawu, kwaye ngesiqhelo, esi sifo asinangxaki zinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukungcola kwe-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokuba yinto enzulu kwaye, ke ngoko, ukuba owasetyhini akakaze aqhakamshelane nesi sifo okanye engazange afumane iyeza lokuthintela isifo, kufanele ukuba abe nalo ugonyo ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe.

1. Ziintoni iimpawu zesi sifo?

I-Rubella ixhaphake kakhulu ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwaye ihlala izibonakalisa ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Umkhuhlane ukuya kuma kuma-38º C;
• Amabala abomvu aqala ukubonakala ebusweni nasemva kwendlebe kwaye aqhubeke nenyawo, kangangeentsuku ezi-3;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Impumlo eyomeleleyo;
• Ukudumba iilwimi ingakumbi entanyeni;
• Amehlo abomvu.

I-Rubella inokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kwaye nangona inokuthathwa njengesifo sobuntwana, akuqhelekanga kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuba babe nesifo.

2. Zeziphi iimvavanyo eziqinisekisa irubella?

Ugqirha unokufika ekufumaniseni i-rubella emva kokubona iimpawu kunye nokuqinisekisa isifo ngovavanyo oluthile lwegazi oluchaza ubukho be-antibodies ye-IgG kunye ne-IgM.

Ngokubanzi xa uneentsholongwane ze-IgM oko kuthetha ukuba unosulelo, ngelixa ubukho beentsholongwane ze-IgG buqheleke kakhulu kwabo babekhe banaso esi sifo ngaphambili okanye kwabo bagonyiweyo.

3. Yintoni ebangela irubella?

Iarhente ye-etiologic ye-rubella yintsholongwane yohlobo olo Irubivirus esosulela ngokulula isuka emntwini iye emntwini ngamathontsi amancinci amathe, anokuphela esasazwa kwindalo esingqongileyo xa umntu osulelwe sesi sifo ethimla, ekhohlela okanye ethetha, umzekelo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu one-rubella unokudlulisela esi sifo malunga neeveki ezi-2 okanye de ulusu luphele kwaphela.

4. Ngaba irubella ekukhulelweni inzulu?

Nangona i-rubella sisifo esiqhelekileyo kwaye silula ebuntwaneni, xa ivela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukungalunganga kosana, ngakumbi ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo unonxibelelwano nentsholongwane kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala.

Ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokuvela kwi-rubella ekukhulelweni zibandakanya i-autism, isithulu, ukungaboni okanye i-microcephaly, umzekelo. Jonga ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kwi-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ke, kungcono ukuba bonke abantu basetyhini babe nokugonywa ngexesha lobuntwana okanye, ubuncinci, inyanga e-1 ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ukuze bakhuselwe kwintsholongwane.

5. Inokuthintelwa njani i-rubella?

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-rubella kukuthatha iyeza kathathu lokuthintela intsholongwane elikhusela imasisi, irhashalala kunye nerubella, nkqu nasebuntwaneni. Ngokwesiqhelo isitofu sokugonya sisetyenziswa kwiintsana ezineminyaka eli-15 ubudala, ezifuna idosi yokunyusa phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nengu-6 ubudala.

Nabani na ongakhange afumane eli chiza okanye okomeleza ebuntwaneni angalithatha nangaliphi na inqanaba, ngaphandle kwexesha lokukhulelwa kuba eli chiza linokukhokelela ekuphungeni kwesisu okanye kubume obubi emntwaneni.

6. Lwenziwa njani unyango?

Njengokuba i-rubella sisifo esihlala singenachaphaza, unyango lwayo luneempawu zokuthomalalisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuthatha iipilisi zentlungu kunye nokulawula umkhuhlane, njengeParacetamol kunye neDipyrone, emiselwe ngugqirha. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba uphumle kwaye usele ulwelo oluninzi ukunqanda ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokwenza lula ukupheliswa kwentsholongwane emzimbeni.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nerubella azixhaphakanga, kodwa zinokwenzeka kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, angenzeka xa usenziwa unyango lwe-AIDS, umhlaza okanye emva kokufumana ukufakelwa. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba ziintlungu ezidibeneyo, ezibangelwa yi-arthritis kunye ne-encephalitis. Bona ezinye iingxaki zerubella.

7. Ngaba iyeza lokuthintela irubella libuhlungu?

Isitofu sokugonya se-rubella sikhuselekile kakhulu, ukuba ngaba silawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, sinceda ukukhusela kwesi sifo, nokuba intsholongwane ithi yadibana nomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, eli chiza linokuba yingozi xa lilawulwa ngexa lokukhulelwa, ngakumbi kwikota yokuqala yokuqala, njengoko intsholongwane ikhoyo kwisitofu sokugonya, nokuba incitshisiwe, ingakhokelela kukungalunganga kosana. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, isitofu sokugonya sikhuselekile noko kwaye kufuneka senziwe.

Jonga xa ungafanele ufumane iyeza lokugonya i-rubella.