Isibetho

Isibetho sisifo esosulelayo esibangela ukufa.

Isibetho sibangelwa yintsholongwane Yersinia pestis. Iimpuku, ezinjengeempuku, zithwala isifo. Isasazeka zizintakumba zazo.

Abantu banokufumana isibetho xa belunywa yintakumba ethwala isibetho sentsholongwane kwisifo esosulelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abantu bafumana isifo xa bephethe isilwanyana esosulelekileyo.

Usuleleko sisifo semiphunga sibizwa ngokuba sisifo semiphunga. Ingasasazeka isuke komnye umntu uye emntwini. Xa umntu onesifo semiphunga ekhohlela, amathontsi amancinci aphethe ibhaktiriya ahamba emoyeni. Nabani na ophefumla kula masuntswana angasifumana esi sifo. Ubhubhane unokuqala ngale ndlela.

KumaXesha Aphakathi eYurophu, ubhubhane omkhulu wesibetho wabulala izigidi zabantu. Ubhubhane awukapheli. Isenokufumaneka eAfrika, eAsia naseMzantsi Merika.

Namhlanje, isibetho sinqabile eUnited States. Kodwa kuye kwaziwa ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo zaseCalifornia, eArizona, eColorado naseNew Mexico.

Iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zesibetho zezi:

• Isibetho Bubonic, usuleleko nkovu iindawo
• Isifo semiphunga, usulelo lwemiphunga
• Isibetho se-septicic, usulelo lwegazi

Ixesha eliphakathi kokusuleleka kunye neempawu ezikhulayo ziintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8. Kodwa ixesha linokuba mfutshane njengosuku olunye lwesifo sesifo semiphunga.

Imingcipheko yesibetho ibandakanya ukulunywa kwentakumba kutshanje kunye nokuvezwa kweempuku, ngakumbi imivundla, oonomatse, okanye izinja zasemathafeni, okanye imikrwelo okanye ukulunywa ziikati zasulelekileyo.

Iimpawu zesibetho seBubonic zibonakala ngequbuliso, zihlala ziintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokuvezwa ziintsholongwane. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi (malaise)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukudumba, kunye nobuhlungu be-lymph gland edumbayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bubo edla ngokufumaneka kwi-groin, kodwa inokuthi yenzeke emakhwapheni okanye entanyeni, amaxesha amaninzi kwindawo yosulelo (ukuluma okanye ukukrwela); intlungu ingaqala ngaphambi kokudumba

Iimpawu zesibetho semiphunga zivela ngesiquphe, iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokuvezwa. Ziquka:

• Ukukhohlela kakhulu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye neentlungu esifubeni xa uphefumla ngokunzulu
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukhohlakele, isikhohlela esinegazi

Isibetho se-Septicism singabangela ukufa nangaphambi kokuba kwenzeke iimpawu ezinzima. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukopha ngenxa yeengxaki zokunqanda igazi
• Urhudo
• Ifiva
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• Inkcubeko ye-lymph node aspirate (ulwelo oluthathwe kwi-lymph node okanye bubo echaphazelekayo)
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela
• I-x-ray yesifuba

Abantu abanesifo kufuneka baphathwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unyango alufunyanwanga kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 xa iimpawu zokuqala zisenzeka, umngcipheko wokufa uyanda.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne-streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, okanye i-ciprofloxacin asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isibetho. Ioksijini, ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi, kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla zihlala ziyimfuneko.

Abantu abanesifo se-pneumonia mabagcinwe kude nabanonopheli kunye nezinye izigulane. Abantu abaye banxibelelana naye nabani na osulelwe sisifo se-pneumonia kufuneka bajongwe ngononophelo kwaye banikwe i-antibiotics njengenyathelo lokuthintela.

Ngaphandle konyango, malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu abanesifo se-bubonic. Phantse wonke umntu onesifo septicemic okanye inyumoniya uyafa ukuba akanyangwa ngoko nangoko. Unyango lwehlisa izinga lokusweleka ukuya kwi-50%.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uphuhlisa iimpawu zesibetho emva kokuvezwa kweentakumba okanye iimpuku. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba uhlala okanye undwendwele indawo apho kwenzeka khona isifo.

Ulawulo lwempuku kunye nokujonga isifo kubemi beempuku zasendle zezona zinto ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukulawula umngcipheko wobhubhane. Isitofu sokugonya ayisasetyenziswa eUnited States.

Isibetho seBubonic; Inyumoniya; Isibetho se-Septic

• Intakumba
• Ukuluma kogqabi-kufutshane
• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane

IGage KL, Mead PS. Isibetho kunye nezinye izifo zesisu. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 312.

Mead PS. Iindidi zeYersinia (kubandakanya isibetho). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahl 231.