Septicemia

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-septicemia?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-septicemia?
• Iingxaki ze-septicemia
• Sepsis
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic
• Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (ARDS)
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-septicemia?
• Unyango lwe-septicemia
• Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuthintela i-septicemia?
• Yintoni imbono?

Yintoni i-septicemia?

I-Septicemia sisifo esibi sokuhamba kwegazi. Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yityhefu yegazi.

I-Septicemia yenzeka xa usulelo lwebhakteria kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengemiphunga okanye ulusu, lungena egazini. Oku kuyingozi kuba ibhaktiriya kunye neetyhefu zazo zinokuhanjiswa ngokuhamba kwegazi kumzimba wakho uphela.

I-Septicemia inokusongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza. Kufuneka inyangwe esibhedlele. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-septicemia inokuqhubela phambili kwi-sepsis.

I-Septicemia kunye ne-sepsis azifani. I-Sepsis yingxaki enkulu ye-septicemia. I-Sepsis ibangela ukudumba emzimbeni wonke. Oku kudumba kunokubangela amahlwili egazi kunye nokuvimba ioksijini ekufikeleleni kumalungu abalulekileyo, kukhokelela ekusileleni komzimba.

Amaziko kaZwelonke ezeMpilo aqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye seMelika bafumana i-sepsis eqatha nyaka ngamnye. Phakathi kwama-28 nama-50 eepesenti kwaba baguli banokufa ngenxa yale meko.

Xa ukudumba kwenzeka ngoxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kakhulu, kubizwa ngokuba kukungothuka. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic kuyabulala kwiimeko ezininzi.

Yintoni ebangela i-septicemia?

I-Septicemia ibangelwa lusulelo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho. Olu suleleko luqatha. Iindidi ezininzi zebacteria zinokukhokelela kwi-septicemia. Owona mthombo wosulelo uhlala ungenakuchazwa. Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezikhokelela kwi-septicemia zezi:

• usulelo lomchamo
• usulelo lwemiphunga, olufana nenyumoniya
• usulelo lwezintso
• usulelo kwindawo esiswini

Iibhaktiriya ezivela kwezi zifo zingena kwigazi kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza, zibangele iimpawu kwangoko.

Abantu sele besesibhedlele ngenxa yento enye, enjengokuhlinzwa, basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-septicemia. Usulelo lwesibini lunokwenzeka ngelixa usesibhedlele. Ezi zifo zihlala ziyingozi kakhulu kuba iintsholongwane zinokuba sele zinganyangeki kwiintsholongwane. Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-septicemia ukuba:

• unamanxeba aqatha okanye ukutsha
• bancinci kakhulu okanye badala kakhulu
• unesistim somzimba sokuzikhusela, esinokuthi senzeke kwiimeko, ezifana ne-HIV okanye i-leukemia, okanye unyango lwezonyango ezifana ne-chemotherapy okanye i-injection ye-steroid
• une-catheter yomchamo okanye efakwa ngaphakathi
• zikumatshini wokungenisa umoya

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-septicemia?

Iimpawu ze-septicemia zihlala ziqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kwanakwizigaba zokuqala, umntu unokubonakala egula kakhulu. Banokulandela ukwenzakala, uqhaqho, okanye olunye usulelo lwasekhaya, njengepneumonia. Iimpawu zokuqala eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukugodola
• ifiva
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okukhulu
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo

Iimpawu ezinzima ziya kuqala ukuvela njenge-septicemia iqhubeka ngaphandle konyango olululo. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• ukudideka okanye ukungakwazi ukucinga kakuhle
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• amachokoza abomvu avela kulusu
• ukunciphisa umthamo womchamo
• ukuhamba kwegazi okungonelanga
• ukothuka

Kubalulekile ukufika esibhedlele kwangoko ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-septicemia. Akufanele ulinde okanye uzame ukunyanga ingxaki ekhaya.

Iingxaki ze-septicemia

I-Septicemia ineengxaki ezininzi. Ezi ngxaki zinokubulala xa zingashiywanga zinganyangwa okanye ukuba unyango lulibazisekile ixesha elide.

Sepsis

I-Sepsis yenzeka xa umzimba wakho unamandla okomelela komzimba kusulelo. Oku kukhokelela kukudumba okubanzi emzimbeni wonke. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis enzima ukuba ikhokelela ekusileleni komzimba.

Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo basengozini ephezulu ye-sepsis. Kungenxa yokuba banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kwaye abanako ukulwa nosulelo ngokwabo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Septic

Enye ingxaki ye-septicemia kukuhla kakhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumothuko we-septic. Ityhefu ekhutshwe yintsholongwane egazini inokubangela ukuhamba kwegazi okuphantsi kakhulu, okunokubangela ukonakala komzimba okanye komzimba.

Umothuko wongxamiseko ngongxamiseko kwezonyango. Abantu abanokothuka okubangelwa sisifo septic bahlala bekhathalelwe esibhedlele. Kuya kufuneka ubekwe kumatshini wokuphefumla, okanye kumatshini wokuphefumla, ukuba wothukile.

Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (ARDS)

Ingxaki yesithathu ye-septicemia sisifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla (i-ARDS). Le yimeko esongela ubomi ethintela ioksijini eyaneleyo ekufikeleleni kwimiphunga nakwigazi lakho. Ihlala iphumela kwinqanaba elithile lomonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga. Inokonakalisa nengqondo yakho, ekhokelela kwiingxaki zememori.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-septicemia?

Ukuchonga i-septicemia kunye ne-sepsis zezinye zeyona mingeni mikhulu ejongene noogqirha. Kunokuba nzima ukufumana oyena nobangela wosulelo. Ukuchongwa kuya kuhlala kubandakanya uluhlu lweemvavanyo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya iimpawu zakho kwaye abuze imbali yakho yonyango. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ubushushu bomzimba. Ugqirha unokujonga iimpawu zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka kunye ne-septicemia, kubandakanya:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• meningitis
• iselulitis

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza iimvavanyo kwiindidi ezininzi zamanzi ukunceda ukuqinisekisa usulelo lwebacteria. Oku kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• umchamo
• ukufihlakala kwenxeba kunye nezilonda zolusu
• iimfihlo zokuphefumla
• igazi

Ugqirha wakho unokujonga iseli kunye nokubalwa kweplatelet kunye noku-odola kuvavanyo lokuhlalutya ukujiya kwegazi lakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokujonga kwakhona ioksijini kunye necarbon dioxide egazini lakho ukuba i-septicemia ikubangela ukuba ube nemicimbi yokuphefumla.

Ukuba iimpawu zosulelo azicacanga, ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba uvavanyo lujongwe ngakumbi kwizitho ezithile kunye nezicubu, ezinje:

• X-reyi
• IMRI
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ultrasound

Unyango lwe-septicemia

I-Septicemia eqale ukuchaphazela amalungu akho okanye umsebenzi wezicubu ngongxamiseko kwezonyango. Kufuneka inyangwe esibhedlele. Abantu abaninzi abane-septicemia bayamkelwa kunyango kwaye bachache.

Unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• iminyaka yakho
• impilo yakho iyonke
• ubungakanani bemeko yakho
• ukunyamezela kwakho amayeza athile

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria olwenza ukuba septicemia. Akukho xesha laneleyo ngokwesiqhelo lokufumanisa uhlobo lweebhaktiriya. Unyango lokuqala luza kuhlala lusebenzisa ii-antibiotics “ezibanzi”. Ezi ziyilelwe ukusebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lweebhaktiriya ngaxeshanye. I-antibiotic egxile ngakumbi ingasetyenziswa ukuba ibhakteria ethile ichongiwe.

Unokufumana ulwelo kunye namanye amayeza ngokufaka ngaphakathi ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukuthintela amahlwili egazi ekubeni abumbe. Unokufumana ioksijini kwimaski okanye kumatshini wokuphefumla ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla ngenxa yesepticemia.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuthintela i-septicemia?

Usulelo lwebacteria ngoyena nobangela we-septicemia. Yiya kwagqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba unale meko. Ukuba usulelo lwakho lunokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kumanqanaba okuqala, unokukwazi ukuthintela ibhaktheriya ekungeneni kwegazi lakho. Abazali banokunceda ukukhusela abantwana kwi-septicemia ngokuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala benolwazi malunga nogonyo lwabo.

Ukuba sele unamajoni omzimba athintelwayo, la manyathelo alandelayo anokunceda ekuthinteleni i-septicemia:

• kuphephe ukutshaya
• thintela iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni
• yitya ukutya okusempilweni
• umthambo
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo
• hlukana nabantu abagulayo

Yintoni imbono?

Xa ifunyenwe kwangoko kakhulu, i-septicemia inokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Imizamo yophando ijolise ekufumaneni iindlela ezingcono zokuchonga imeko kwangoko.

Ngaphandle kwonyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nomonakalo wesigxina. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abaneemeko esele zikhona ezichaphazela amajoni abo omzimba.

Zininzi izinto ezenzekileyo kwezonyango ekuchongeni isifo, unyango, ukubeka esweni kunye noqeqesho lwe-septicemia. Oku kuncede ukunciphisa amazinga okusweleka. Ngokophando olupapashwe kwiCritical Care Medicine, izinga lokusweleka esibhedlele lisuka kwi-sepsis ebukhali lehle ukusuka kwiipesenti ezingama-47 (phakathi kuka-1991 no-1995) ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-29 (phakathi ko-2006 no-2009).

Ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu ze-septicemia okanye i-sepsis emva kokuhlinzwa okanye ukusuleleka, qiniseka ukuba ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.