Ukuqonda ukugula kweSerum

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Yintoni impendulo efana nokugula kwe-serum?
• Ibangelwa yintoni?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Yintoni isifo serum?

Ukugula kwe-serum yimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela efanayo nokuphendula okungafunekiyo. Kwenzeka xa iantigens (izinto ezibangela impendulo yomzimba) kumayeza athile nakwii-antiserum zibangela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba asabele.

Iantigens ezichaphazelekayo ekuguleni kwe-serum ziiproteni ezivela kwimithombo engengomntu-zihlala zizilwanyana. Umzimba wakho uzenza iimpazamo kwezi proteni njengezinobungozi, ezibangela impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Xa amajoni omzimba enxibelelana nezi proteni, izakhiwo ze-immune (indibaniselwano ye-antigen kunye ne-antibody) ziyenzeka. Ezi zinto zinokuhlangana kwaye zihlale kwimithambo yegazi encinci, ekhokelela kwiimpawu.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Ukugula kweserum kuhlala kukhula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu zokuvezwa kunyango okanye kwi-antiserum, kodwa inokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiyure enye emva kokuvezwa kwabanye abantu.

Iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili zokugula kwe-serum zibandakanya umkhuhlane, irhashalala kunye nokudumba okuqaqambayo kwamalungu.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho zokugula nge-serum zibandakanya:

• urhwebo
• iintlungu zemisipha kunye nobuthathaka
• ukudumba kwethishu
• ulusu olucekeceke
• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• ukuxinwa sisisu
• ukurhawuzelela
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudumba kobuso
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu

Yintoni impendulo efana nokugula kwe-serum?

Impendulo efana nokugula kwe-serum ifana kakhulu nokugula kwe-serum, kodwa ibandakanya uhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuphendula komzimba. Kuqheleke ngakumbi kunokugula okwenyani kwe-serum kwaye kunokwenzeka njengempendulo kwi-cefaclor (i-antibiotic), amayeza okuthomalalisa ukhuseleko, kunye nezinye i-antibiotics, kubandakanya ipenicillin.

Iimpawu zempendulo efana nokugula kwe-serum nayo iqala kwiveki enye ukuya kwezintathu zokuvezwa kumayeza amatsha kwaye zibandakanya:

• irhashalala
• ukurhawuzelela
• ifiva
• intlungu edibeneyo
• ndiziva ndingaphilanga
• ukudumba kobuso

Ukwahlula phakathi kwezi meko zimbini, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngokujonga ukungxama kwakho. Irhashalala ebangelwa sisigulo esifana nokuphendula okufana nokuhlala kurhawuzelela kakhulu kwaye ikhula ngombala ofana nokugruzuka. Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya igazi lakho ubukho bezixhobo ezikhuselayo. Ukuba unolu hlobo lweemolekyuli egazini lakho, kunokwenzeka ukuba unesifo se-serum, hayi ukusabela okufana nokugula kwe-serum.

Ibangelwa yintoni?

Ukugula kweserum kubangelwa ziiproteni ezingezizo ezomntu kunyango oluthile kunye nonyango olwenziwe ngempazamo ngumzimba wakho njengoluyingozi, lubangele ukuphendula komzimba.

Enye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zamayeza ezibangela ukugula kwe-serum yi-antivenin. Oku kunikwa abantu abalunywe yinyoka enobuhlungu. Kwezifundo ezintlanu zase-US, uluhlu oluxeliweyo lokugula kwe-serum emva konyango lwe-antivenin liphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-23 yepesenti.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukugula kwe-serum zibandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody. Olu hlobo lonyango luhlala lusebenzisa izilwa-buhlungu ezivela kwiimpuku nakwezinye iimpuku. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezizimeleyo, ezinje nge-rheumatoid arthritis kunye ne-psoriasis. Ikwasetyenziswa nakunyango oluthile lomhlaza.
• I-anti-thymocyte globulin. Oku kuhlala kunezixhobo ezichasene nemivundla okanye amahashe. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwaliwa komzimba kubantu abasandula ukufakelwa izintso.
• Inaliti yenyosi yetyhefu. Le yenye indlela kwaye iyancedisana neemeko zokukrala kunye nentlungu engapheliyo.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukufumanisa isifo se-serum, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu onazo kwaye baqala nini. Qinisekisa ukubaxelela malunga nawaphi na amayeza amatsha owathathayo.

Ukuba unerhashalala, banokuqala ngokwenza i-biopsy, ebandakanya ukuthatha isampulu yesicubu esincinci kunye nokuyijonga phantsi kwemicroscope. Oku kubanceda balawule ngaphandle kwezinye izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ukhawuleze.

Banokuqokelela isampulu yegazi kunye nesampulu yomchamo ukuvavanya imiqondiso yemeko enokubangela iimpawu zakho.

Inyangwa njani?

Ukugula kweserum kuhlala kusombulula ngokwakho xa ungasaboniswanga kunyango olubangele impendulo.

Okwangoku, ugqirha unokucebisa amanye ala mayeza ukukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho:

• iziyobisi ezichasayo, ezinjenge-ibuprofen (Advil), ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nokudumba
• antihistamines ukunceda ukunciphisa irhashalala kunye ukurhawuzelela
• i-steroids, njenge-prednisone, yeempawu ezibi kakhulu

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, unokufuna ukutshintshwa kweplasma.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ngelixa inokubangela iimpawu ezinzulu, isifo se-serum sihamba sodwa kwiveki ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu. Ukuba kutshanje uthathe amayeza aqukethe iiproteni ezingezizo ezomntu kwaye uneempawu, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Banokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo se-serum kwaye uqalise ngamayeza ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho.