Ukukhulelwa nokutshaya

Umxholo

• Kutheni Ukutshaya Kuyingozi Ngexesha Lokukhulelwa?
• Kutheni Ufanele Uyeke Ngoku?
• Ndinokuyeka Njani?
• Ngaba Kunzima Kangakanani Kum Ukuyeka?
• Uncedo olongezelelekileyo ekuyekeni ukutshaya okufumaneka kuMkhathaleli wakho
• Ngaba ukutshintshwa kwenicotine kukhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
• Ngaba iBupropion ikhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
• Ngubani onokwenzeka ukuba aqale ngokutsha ukutshaya?
• Kutheni le nto amaTyhini aqhubeka nokuTshaya emva koKuziswa?
• Izizathu zokungaPhindi ukutshaya emva kokuba uMntwana ezelwe

Ushwankathelo

Ukuyeka ukutshaya lelinye lawona manyathelo afumanekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukukhulelwa okusempilweni. Okwangoku, ngokwe (CDC), malunga neepesenti ezili-13 zabasetyhini batshaya kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu zokugqibela zokukhulelwa kwabo. Ukutshaya nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela iimpembelelo zobomi bakho bonke kubantwana bakho.

Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba awukayeki ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Ngokuzimisela kunye nenkxaso, ungaphumelela.

Kutheni Ukutshaya Kuyingozi Ngexesha Lokukhulelwa?

Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko woku:

• ukuhanjiswa kobunzima obusezantsi
• ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka (ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37)
• ukuphuma kwesisu
• ukufa komntwana ngaphakathi (ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo)
• inkalakahla ecandekileyo kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa
• imiba yokuphefumla

Ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukwanxulunyaniswa neemeko ezinzulu ezinokuchaphazela umntwana wakho ebusaneni nasebuntwaneni. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• isifo sokufa kweentsana ngequbuliso (SIDS)
• ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
• iingxaki zokuziphatha
• isifo sombefu
• usulelo rhoqo

Kukho ubungqina bokuba imikhwa yokutshaya inxibelelene phakathi kwezizukulwana. Olunye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukwanda kwamazinga okutshaya kwiintombi zabafazi ababetshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kubonisa ukuba into ethile yebhayoloji inokuchongwa kwisibeleko xa umama atshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngamanye amagama, ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubeka umntwana wakho emngciphekweni wokutshaya xa emdala.

Kutheni Ufanele Uyeke Ngoku?

Umntu otshayayo okhulelweyo usenokucinga ukuba ingozi sele yenziwe kwaye akukho sibonelelo kusana ngokuyeka ngenyanga yesibini okanye yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Oku akuyonyani. Ngokwe-Smokefree Women, ukuyeka ngalo naliphi na inqanaba lokukhulelwa kunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene zemiphunga kunye nenqanaba lokuzalwa eliphantsi. Kwakhona, abaguli banokuzimisela ngakumbi ukuyeka kwangoko xa bekhulelwe kwaye banokubeka ngokulula umhla wokuyeka.

Bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abatshayayo bayakhuthazwa ukuba bayeke, nokuba bakwinyanga yesixhenxe okanye yesibhozo yokukhulelwa.

Ndinokuyeka Njani?

Ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukuyeka ukutshaya, chitha ixesha uhlalutya nini kwaye kutheni utshaya. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde iipateni zakho zokutshaya ukuze ucwangcise imicimbi kunye neemeko eziza kukuhenda okanye zikwenze uxinzelelo. Ngaba uyatshaya xa uxinezelekile okanye uxhalabile? Ngaba uyatshaya xa ufuna ukuzomeleza? Ngaba uyatshaya xa abanye abakungqongileyo betshaya? Ngaba uyatshaya xa usela?

Xa uqonda iipateni zakho zokutshaya, ungaqala ukwenza ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ukuba utshaya nabantu osebenza nabo kwikhefu lomsebenzi, cinga ngokuthatha uhambo kunye nabanye abahlobo osebenza nabo endaweni yoko. Ukuba uyatshaya xa usela ikofu, cinga ngokutshintsha uye kwesinye isiselo ukuze wophule umbutho.

Cwangcisa amaxesha apho uya kuhendwa. Fumana umntu oza kuba yinkxaso yakho ngala maxesha okulinga xa ufuna ukuba necuba. Zinike ukomelela okuqinisekileyo ngokuyeka. Nje ukuba ube nesicwangciso, setha usuku lokuyeka kwaye uxelele ugqirha malunga nalo.

Susa yonke icuba kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo ekhayeni lakho, emsebenzini wakho, nasemotweni ngaphambi komhla wokuyeka. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekubeni ungatshayi.

Dibana nogqirha wakho akuncede ekubekeni usuku lwakho lokuyeka, malunga neendlela zokuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nemithombo yokomeleza njengoko uqhubeka nale nkqubo ibalulekileyo. Abanye abantu badinga uncedo ngakumbi kunabanye, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomkhwa obendeleyo kunye nokuba bangamakhoboka e-nicotine kangakanani.

Ngaba Kunzima Kangakanani Kum Ukuyeka?

Inqanaba lobunzima ekuyekeni ukutshaya lixhomekeke kwinani lezinto kwaye ziyahluka phakathi kwabafazi. Okukhona utshaya kancinci kwaye kokukhona uzama ukuyeka ukutshaya, kokukhona kuya kuba lula. Ukuba neqabane elingatshayiyo, lokuzilolonga, kunye nokuba neenkolelo eziqinileyo malunga neengozi zokutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuya kukwenza kube lula ukuyeka.

Okukhona utshaya, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukuyeka. Abasetyhini abatshayayo ngaphezulu kwepakethi ngosuku kunye nabasetyhini abatya icaffeine banokufumana kunzima ngakumbi ukuyeka ukutshaya. Abasetyhini abadandathekileyo okanye abafumana ubunzima obuninzi ebomini banokufumana kunzima ngakumbi ukuyeka. Abo babekelwe bucala kwinkxaso yezentlalo bafumana ubunzima ngakumbi bokuyeka. Into enomdla kukuba, akukho manyano kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala oluchaza ukuqhubeka nokutshaya okanye ukuziyeka.

Uncedo olongezelelekileyo ekuyekeni ukutshaya okufumaneka kuMkhathaleli wakho

Ukuba uzama ukuyeka ukutshaya, ugqirha wakho unokubonelela ngokubeka esweni njengokuqinisa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kovavanyo olulinganisa i-carbon monoxide okanye i-nicotine metabolites.

Ngaba ukutshintshwa kwenicotine kukhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Izinto zokuyeka ukutshaya, ezinje ngokubuyiselwa kwe-nicotine, zihlala zisetyenziswa ngabantu abafuna ukuyeka. Imizekelo ibandakanya isicatshulwa se-nicotine, i-gum, okanye i-inhaler. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zoncedo akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuba izibonelelo ngokucacileyo zingaphezulu kobungozi. Isixa senikotini esithunyelwa yintsini okanye isiziba ngokuqhelekileyo siba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunoko uya kukufumana ngokuqhubeka nokutshaya. Nangona kunjalo, inicotine inciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya esibelekweni kwaye inokuba yingozi kumntwana osakhulayo kunye ne-placenta, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yokuhambisa.Ezo zinto zixhalabisayo zichazwe yiAmerican Congress of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists (ACOG), abathi akukho bungqina bonyango bokubonisa ukuba ezi mveliso zinceda abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukuba bayeke ukutshaya.

Intsini yeNicotine ibhalwe ukuba luDidi lokuKhulelwa kuLawulo lokuTya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko kwimveku engekabikho ngaphandle. Isiqwenga senicotine sibhalwe ukuba luDidi lokuKhulelwa D, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ubungqina obuchanekileyo bomngcipheko.

Ngaba iBupropion ikhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

I-Bupropion (iZyban) iluncedo kubantu abatshayayo abanobunzima beemvakalelo zokudakumba xa beyeka ukutshaya. Isebenza ngokunganyangekiyo, inceda ekurhoxiseni iimpawu zokudakumba, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, unxunguphalo kunye nokwanda kokutya. I-Bupropion isenokuba iyasebenza njenge-nicotine endaweni yayo ekuncedeni abaguli bayeke ukutshaya. Ukunyuka kwamazinga empumelelo kuyajongwa xa abaguli befumana unyango okanye isikhokelo sokuziphatha.

Ngelishwa, akukho datha ifumanekayo kukhuseleko lwe-bupropion ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Eli chiza lithengiswa njenge-Wellbutrin kunyango loxinzelelo kwaye linokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kweso sibonakaliso. I-Bupropion ibhalwe njengeCandelo B kunyango loxinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Okwangoku, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuhanjiswa kwesiyobisi kubisi lwebele.

Ngubani onokwenzeka ukuba aqale ngokutsha ukutshaya?

Ngelishwa, abasetyhini abayeka ukutshaya ngelixa bekhulelwe bahlala bephindaphinda ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokubeleka. Imiba yomngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye ngexesha lokukhulelwa ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuhla, kodwa hayi ukuyeka icuba
• ukubhengeza ukuba umntu uyekile ngaphambi kokuhamba iveki ngaphandle kwecuba
• ukuzithemba okuncinci kumandla omnye okuhlala ungenalo icuba
• ukutshaya kakhulu

Ukongeza, ukuba awukhathazeki kakhulu sisicaphucaphu kwaye uhambise ngaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde uqale ukutshaya.

Nokuba usapho lwabasetyhini, abahlobo, kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo bayatshaya kubonakala ngathi yenye yezona zinto zixela kwangaphambili impumelelo yexesha elide ekuyekeni ukutshaya. Abasetyhini abayeka ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa bafuna inkxaso eqhubekayo ukuze bahlale bengatshisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa lonke. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kubonwe njengenkqubo kwaye kungabi njengesiganeko sexesha elinye. Ukuba iqabane lakho liyatshaya kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde ubuye. Ukuqhubeka nokunxulumana nabantu abatshayayo kunokuthetha ukubakho ngokulula kwecuba kunye nokwanda kwamathuba okuphinda ubuye.

Kutheni le nto amaTyhini aqhubeka nokuTshaya emva koKuziswa?

Uqikelelo lokuba ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zabasetyhini abayekile ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa baya kuqala ukutshaya kwakhona kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu zokuhanjiswa. Abasetyhini abaninzi bajonga ixesha lasemva kokubeleka njengexesha lokulandela imisebenzi eyonwabileyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa- kwabaninzi, oku kuthetha ukubuyela ekutshayeni. Abanye abantu basetyhini babonakala benenkxalabo yokunciphisa umzimba kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo kwaye oku kunegalelo ekubuyeni kwakhona.

Ngelishwa, izixhobo zokuzinceda, ukucebisa umntu ngamnye, kunye neengcebiso kugqirha azibonisanga kuphuculwe amaxabiso ekubuyeni kwakhona emva kokubeleka. Kubalulekile ukuba nomqeqeshi okanye umntu ebomini bakho wokukunceda ukuba uhlale ungatshayi.

Izizathu zokungaPhindi ukutshaya emva kokuba uMntwana ezelwe

Kukho ubungqina obunyanzelekileyo bokuhlala ngaphandle komsi emva kokuziswa. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuba utshaya ngaphezu kweesigarethi ezili-10 ngosuku, inani lobisi olivelisayo liyancipha kwaye ukwakheka kobisi lwakho kuyatshintsha. Kwakhona, abasetyhini abatshayayo kunokwenzeka ukuba bacinge ukuba ubisi lwabo alonelanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye banokungakhuthazeki ekuncanciseni. Kwakhona, iintsana eziye zancanciswa ngoomama abatshayayo zihlala zikhathaza ngakumbi kwaye zikhala ngakumbi, ezinokukhuthaza ukulunyulwa kwangoko.

Ukongeza, iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci banosulelo rhoqo kwindlebe kunye nosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla xa kukho umntu otshaya ekhaya. Kukwakho nobungqina obucebisa ukuba i-asthma kungenzeka ukuba ikhule ebantwaneni abanabazali abatshayayo.