Into ekufuneka uyazi ngokutshaya kunye nengqondo yakho

Umxholo

• Yenza ntoni inicotine kwingqondo yakho?
• Ukwehla kwengqondo
• Umngcipheko owandayo wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Ukuphulukana nomthamo wobuchopho
• Umngcipheko ophezulu wokubetha
• Umngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza
• Kuthekani ngee-cigarettes?
• Ngaba ukuyeka ukwenza umehluko?
• Yintoni enokwenza ukuyeka kube lula?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokubulawa kwabantu eMelika. Ngokuka, phantse isiqingatha sesigidi sabaseMelika basweleka ngaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka ngenxa yokutshaya okanye ukubhencwa kukutshaya.

Ukongeza ekwandiseni umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, umhlaza, isifo semiphunga, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo, ukutshaya kunefuthe elibi kwingqondo yakho.

Kule nqaku, siza kujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwimiphumo yokutshaya kwingqondo yakho kunye neenzuzo zokuyeka.

Yenza ntoni inicotine kwingqondo yakho?

Uninzi lwabantu luyayiqonda indlela ukutshaya okuchaphazela ngayo imiphunga nentliziyo, kodwa into engaziwayo yimpembelelo enayo inikotini kwingqondo.

“INicotine ilingisa iiurotransmitters ezininzi, [ezithumela imiqondiso] kwingqondo. [Njengokuba inikotini ifana] neurotransmitter acetylcholine, ibonisa ukwanda kwengqondo, ”ucacisa watsho uLori A. Russell-Chapin, PhD, unjingalwazi kwiNkqubo yokuNika iiNgcebiso ngezeMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseBradley.

I-Nicotine ikwasebenza ukwenza imiqondiso ye-dopamine, iyile imvakalelo eyonwabisayo.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, ingqondo iqala ukubuyekeza ukwanda komsebenzi wokubonisa ngokunciphisa inani le-acetylcholine receptors, uyachaza. Oku kubangela ukunyamezelana kwenicotine, ke oku kuyaqhubeka kwaye inicotine eninzi iyafuneka.

I-Nicotine ikwakhuthaza amaziko olonwabo engqondo, alinganise i-dopamine, ke ingqondo yakho iqala ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine kunye nokuziva ulungile.

NgokweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo, inicotine ekutshayweni iyatshintsha ingqondo, ekhokelela kwiimpawu zokurhoxa xa uzama ukuyeka. Xa oku kusenzeka, unokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kubandakanya ukuxhalaba, ukuba nochuku, kunye nokunqwenela ngamandla inicotine.

Ngelishwa, xa ezi mpawu zibetha, abantu abaninzi bafikelela komnye umdiza ukunciphisa iziphumo zokurhoxa.

Utshintsho olwenzeka kwingqondo ngenxa yalo mjikelo ludala ukuxhomekeka kwi-nicotine kuba umzimba wakho usetyenziselwa ukuba ne-nicotine kwinkqubo yakho, ethi ke ibe sisiyobisi esinokuba nzima ukusaphula.

Ngelixa iimpembelelo zenicotine zinokuthatha ixesha ukuba ziqaphele, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nentliziyo kunye nemiphunga kusenokwenzeka ukuba zezokuqala ukuba umntu otshayayo aziqaphele.

Nazi iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zecicotin kunye nokutshaya kwingqondo.

Ukwehla kwengqondo

Ukwehla kwengqondo kuyenzeka ngokwendalo njengoko usiya ukhula. Unokuba ulibale ngakumbi okanye ungabi nakho ukucinga ngokukhawuleza njengoko wenzayo xa wawusemncinci. Kodwa ukuba uyatshaya, unokufumana ukwehla kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ungatshayi.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi emadodeni, ngokutsho kovavanyo oluvavanye idatha engaphezulu kwama-7,000 yamadoda nabafazi kwisithuba seminyaka eli-12. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abatshayayo abakwiminyaka ephakathi bafumana amava okwehla okukhawulezayo kokuqonda kunabantu abangatshayiyo okanye ababhinqileyo abatshayayo.

Umngcipheko owandayo wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Abatshayayo bakwanomngcipheko owandayo wokugula ngengqondo, imeko enokuthi ichaphazele inkumbulo, amandla okucinga, izakhono zolwimi, ukugweba kunye nokuziphatha. Inokubangela notshintsho kubuntu.

Ngo-2015 kwajongwa izifundo ezingama-37 xa kuthelekiswa abantu abatshayayo nabangatshayiyo bafumanisa ukuba abantu abatshayayo banamathuba angama-30 epesenti okuba nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kufumanise ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kumntu ongatshayiyo.

Ukuphulukana nomthamo wobuchopho

Ngokuka-a, kokukhona utshaya, kokukhona umngcipheko ophakamileyo wokulahleka kobungakanani bengqondo obunxulumene nobudala.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukutshaya kuchaphazele kakubi ingqibelelo yolwakhiwo lwemimandla yobuchopho engaphantsi. Baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu abatshayayo, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangatshayiyo, banamanani aphulukene nobungakanani benqanaba lokulahleka kwengqondo kwimimandla emininzi yobuchopho.

Umngcipheko ophezulu wokubetha

Abantu abatshayayo basemngciphekweni wokuba nesifo sokufa icala kunabantu abangatshayiyo. Ngokuka, ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wokubetha ngamatyeli amabini ukuya kwamane kumadoda nakwabafazi. Lo mngcipheko uyanda ukuba utshaya inani eliphezulu lecuba.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu yokuyeka, umngcipheko unokuhla uye kumntu ongatshayiyo.

Umngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza

Ukutshaya kungenisa imichiza eyityhefu ebuchotsheni nasemzimbeni, ezinye zazo ezinokubangela umhlaza.

UGqirha Harshal Kirane, umlawuli wezonyango kwiWellbridge Addiction Treatment and Research, uchaze ukuba xa usiva rhoqo icuba, utshintsho lwemfuza emiphungeni, emqaleni okanye kwingqondo lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Kuthekani ngee-cigarettes?

Nangona uphando olwenziwe nge-e-cigarettes lilinganiselwe, siyazi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuba banokuba nefuthe elibi kwingqondo nakwimpilo iyonke.

IZiko likaZwelonke lokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi linika ingxelo yokuba i-e-cigarettes equkethe inicotine ivelisa utshintsho olufanayo kwingqondo njengecuba. Yintoni abaphandi ekusafuneka bayigqibe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngaba i-e-cigarettes inokubangela ukuba likhoboka ngendlela efanayo neecuba.

Ngaba ukuyeka ukwenza umehluko?

Ukuyeka i-nicotine kunokunceda ingqondo yakho, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Uphononongo lwango-2018 lufumanise ukuba abantu abatshayayo abayeka ixesha elide baxhamla kumngcipheko wokuncipha kwengqondo. Omnye wafumanisa ukuba ukuyeka icuba kunokudala utshintsho olwakhiweyo kwi-cortex yengqondo-nangona kunokuba yinkqubo ende.

Ikliniki yaseMayo inika ingxelo yokuba xa uyekile ngokupheleleyo, inani lee-nicotine receptors kwingqondo yakho ziya kubuyela esiqhelweni, kwaye iminqweno kufuneka yehle.

Ukongeza kwiinguqu ezintle kwimpilo yakho yengqondo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunceda umzimba wakho ngeendlela ezininzi. NgokweKliniki yaseMayo, ukuyeka icuba:

• yehlisa ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kwimizuzu engama-20 emva kwesigarethi sakho sokugqibela
• ukunciphisa amanqanaba ecarbon monoxide egazini lakho ukuya kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo kwiiyure ezili-12
• phucula ukujikeleza kwakho kunye nomsebenzi wemiphunga kwiinyanga ezintathu
• ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngama-50 epesenti kwisithuba sonyaka
• ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sokungatshayi kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15

Yintoni enokwenza ukuyeka kube lula?

Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuba nzima, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Oko kwathethileyo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukukunceda uhlale ngaphandle kwe-nicotine ebomini.

• Thetha nogqirha wakho. URussell-Chapin uthi inyathelo lokuqala kukubonisana nomboneleli wezempilo, kuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kuhlala kuvelisa iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenza kunye nawe ukwenza isicwangciso esomeleleyo esibandakanya iindlela zokujongana neminqweno kunye neempawu.
• Unyango oluthatha indawo yeNicotine. Kukho iintlobo zamayeza kunye nonyango lwe-nicotine olunokunceda ngokuyeka. Ezinye iimveliso zekhawuntareni zibandakanya i-nicotine gum, iipatches, kunye ne-lozenges. Ukuba ufuna inkxaso engaphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza e-nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, okanye iyeza elinceda ukuthintela iziphumo ze-nicotine kwingqondo.
• Inkxaso yengcebiso. Ukucebisa umntu ngamnye okanye iqela kunokukunceda ufumane inkxaso yokujongana neminqweno kunye neempawu zokurhoxa. Inokukunceda xa usazi ukuba abanye abantu bajongene nemiceli mngeni efanayo neyakho.
• Funda iindlela zokuphumla. Ukukwazi ukuphumla kunye nokujongana noxinzelelo kunokukunceda ukuba uphumelele kwimiceli mngeni yokuyeka. Ezinye zeendlela eziluncedo zibandakanya ukuphefumla, ukucamngca kunye nokuphumla kwezihlunu.
• Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukulala okusemgangathweni, ixesha nabahlobo kunye nosapho, kunye nokwenza izinto onomdla kuzo kunokukunceda ugcine umkhondo kunye neenjongo zakho zokuyeka.

Umgca wezantsi

Ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela wokufa unokuthintelwa eMelika. Ukongeza, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba ukuncipha kwempilo yengqondo, ukubetha, isifo semiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nomhlaza konke kunxulunyaniswa nokutshaya icuba.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokubuyisa uninzi lweziphumo ezibi zokutshaya. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unengxaki.