Ngaba umntwana wam omncinci uyalibala ukuthetha?

Umxholo

• Indlela intetho nolibaziseko kulwimi eyahlukileyo ngayo
• Yintoni ukulibaziseka kwentetho kumntwana omncinci?
• Yintoni eqhelekileyo kumntwana oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala?
• Iimpawu zokulibazisa ukuthetha
• Yintoni enokubangela ukulibaziseka kwentetho?
• Iingxaki ngomlomo
• Ukuthetha kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Ukungabikho kovuselelo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo
• Iingxaki ze-Neurological
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukuchonga ukulibaziseka kwentetho
• Ukunyanga ukulibaziseka kwentetho
• Unyango lolwimi lokuthetha
• Iinkonzo zongenelelo kwangethuba
• Ukunyanga imeko esisiseko
• Into enokwenziwa ngabazali
• Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokulibaziseka
• Yise kude

Umntu oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala unokuthi ngamagama angama-50 kwaye athethe izivakalisi ezibini nezithathu. Ngeminyaka eyi-3, isigama sabo sonyuka saya malunga namagama ayi-1 000, kwaye bayathetha kwizivakalisi zamagama amathathu nantathu.

Ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci akakhange ahlangabezane nezo zinto zibalulekileyo, banokulibaziseka ekuthetheni. Amanqanaba ophuhliso anceda ukulinganisa inkqubela yomntwana wakho, kodwa zizikhokelo nje ngokubanzi. Abantwana bakhula ngezinga labo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unolibaziseko lokuthetha, akusoloko kuthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Unokuba nje une-bloom yamva nje oya kuthi athethe indlebe yakho ngaphandle kwexesha. Ukulibaziseka ekuthetheni nako kunokuba ngenxa yokulahleka kwendlebe okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo okanye ukukhula.

Iindidi ezininzi zokulibaziseka kwentetho zinokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Qhubeka nokufunda ukuze ufunde imiqondiso yokulibaziseka kwentetho kubantwana abancinci, ungenelelo lwakwangoko, kunye nendlela onokuthi uncede ngayo.

Indlela intetho nolibaziseko kulwimi eyahlukileyo ngayo

Nangona ezi zibini zihlala kunzima ukuzihlukanisa-kwaye zihlala zibhekiswa kunye- kukho umahluko phakathi kokulibaziseka kwentetho kunye nolwimi.

Intetho sisenzo somzimba sokuvelisa izandi nokuthetha amagama. Umntwana omncinci onolibaziseko lwentetho angazama kodwa abe nengxaki yokwenza izandi ezichanekileyo zokwenza amagama. Ukulibaziseka kwintetho akubandakanyi ukuqonda okanye unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi ntetho.

Ukulibaziseka kolwimi kubandakanya ukuqonda kunye nokunxibelelana, kokubini ngamazwi nangaphandle kwentetho. Umntwana onolibaziseko kulwimi unokwenza izandi ezichanekileyo aze abize amagama athile, kodwa awanakho ukwenza amabinzana okanye izivakalisi ezinengqiqo.Banokuba nzima ukuqonda abanye.

Abantwana banokubambezeleka kokuthetha okanye ukulibaziseka kolwimi, kodwa iimeko ezimbini ngamanye amaxesha ziyagqitha.

Ukuba awazi ukuba yeyiphi na umntwana wakho anokuba nayo, ungakhathazeki. Akuyomfuneko ukwenza umahluko ukuba kuvavanywe kwaye uqale unyango.

Yintoni ukulibaziseka kwentetho kumntwana omncinci?

Ukuthetha kunye nezakhono zolwimi ziqala ngokuncwina komntwana. Njengoko iinyanga ziqengqeleka, ukubonakala kokubonakala okungenantsingiselo kuqhubela phambili kwigama lokuqala eliqondakalayo.

Ukulibaziseka kwentetho kuxa umntwana ongakhange ahlangane neziganeko eziqhelekileyo zentetho. Abantwana baqhubela phambili ngokwamaxesha abo. Ukufika emva kwexesha kwincoko akuthethi ukuba kukho ingxaki enkulu.

Yintoni eqhelekileyo kumntwana oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala?

Umntu oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala unoku:

• Sebenzisa amagama ayi-1 000
• zibize ngegama, zibize abanye ngamagama
• sebenzisa izibizo, izichazi, kunye nezenzi kwizivakalisi ezinamagama amathathu nezine
• yenza ubuninzi
• Buza imibuzo
• xelela ibali, phinda isingqisho esincinci, cula ingoma

Abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomntwana omncinci bathanda ukubaqonda ngcono. Phantse ama-50 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala banokuthetha kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze abantu abangabaziyo baqonde ixesha elininzi.

Iimpawu zokulibazisa ukuthetha

Ukuba umntwana akapholi okanye enze ezinye izandi kwiinyanga ezi-2, isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lokulibaziseka kwentetho. Ngeenyanga ezili-18, uninzi lweentsana lusenokusebenzisa amagama alula anjengelithi “mama” okanye “udade.” Iimpawu zokulibaziseka ekuthetheni kubantwana abasele bekhulile zezi:

• Ubudala 2: ayisebenzisi amagama angama-25 ubuncinci
• Ubudala 2 1/2: ayisebenzisi ibinzana lamagama amabini awodwa okanye indibaniselwano yesenzi-isenzi
• Ubudala 3: ayisebenzisi amagama angama-200 ubuncinci, ayibuzi zinto ngegama, kunzima ukuyiqonda nokuba uhlala nabo
• Nawuphi na ubudala: Andikwazi ukuthetha amagama afundwe ngaphambili

Yintoni enokubangela ukulibaziseka kwentetho?

Ukulibaziseka kwintetho kunokuthetha ukuba iithayimthebhile zabo zahlukile kancinane kwaye baya kufumana. Kodwa ukulibaziseka kwintetho okanye kolwimi kunokubonisa into malunga nokukhula ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni ngokubanzi. Nantsi eminye imizekelo.

Iingxaki ngomlomo

Ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunokubonisa umba ngomlomo, ulwimi, okanye inkalakahla. Kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ankyloglossia (ulwimi-tie), ulwimi luxhunyiwe kumgangatho womlomo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukwenza izandi ezithile, ngakumbi:

• D
• U-L
• R
• S
• T
• Z
• th

Ulwimi olubophayo lunokwenza ukuba kube nzima kwiintsana ukuncancisa.

Ukuthetha kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi

Umntu oneminyaka emithathu ubudala onokuqonda kwaye angathethi ngaphandle kwamagama kodwa angatsho amagama amaninzi anokuba nokulibaziseka kwentetho. Umntu onokuthi athethe amagama ambalwa kodwa angakwazi ukuwafaka kumabinzana aqondakalayo usenokulibaziseka ngolwimi.

Olunye ulwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi kubandakanya ukusebenza kwengqondo kwaye kunokubonisa ukukhubazeka ekufundeni. Isizathu esinye sokuthetha, ulwimi, kunye nolunye ulibaziseko lokukhula kukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.

Iapraxia yobuntwana yokuphazamiseka kukuphazamiseka emzimbeni okwenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza izandi ngokulandelelana kwazo ukwenza amagama. Ayichaphazeli unxibelelwano olungathethiyo okanye ukuqonda ulwimi.

Ukuphulukana nokuva

Umntwana ongeva kakuhle, okanye ova intetho egqwethekileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abenobunzima ekwenzeni amagama.

Olunye uphawu lokulahleka kwendlebe kukuba umntwana wakho akamamkeli umntu okanye into xa umthiya igama kodwa wenza ukuba usebenzisa izijekulo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zokulahleka kwendlebe zinokubonakala ngokungacacanga. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulibaziseka kwintetho okanye kolwimi kunokuba kuphela kophawu olubonakalayo.

Ukungabikho kovuselelo

Sifunda ukuthetha ukuze singene kwincoko. Kunzima ukuthatha intetho ukuba akukho mntu uzibandakanya nawe.

Ubume bendalo budlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintetho nakuphuhliso lolwimi. Ukuphathwa gadalala, ukungahoywa, okanye ukusilela kokukhuthaza ngamazwi kungamgcina umntwana ekubeni afikelele kwinqanaba eliphambili lokukhula.

Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo

Iingxaki zentetho kunye nolwimi zihlala zibonwa kukuphazamiseka kwesifo se-autism. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• amabinzana aphindayo (i-echolalia) endaweni yokwenza amabinzana
• ukuphindaphinda isimilo
• Unxibelelwano lomlomo olungalunganga kunye nolungenamlomo
• Ukusebenzisana okungalunganga kwintlalo
• Ukuphinda-phinda intetho kunye nolwimi

Iingxaki ze-Neurological

Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwemithambo-luvo kunokuchaphazela izihlunu eziyimfuneko kwintetho. Oku kubandakanya:

• umvakalelo yokitazo
• Izihlunu zemisipha
• ukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu

Kwimeko yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwendlebe okanye okunye ukukhubazeka okuphuhlisayo kunokuchaphazela intetho.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Intetho inokulibaziseka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ukuba umntwana wakho akathethi, kunokuba ngumcimbi wokuqonda kunokuba ungabinakho ukwenza amagama.

Ukuchonga ukulibaziseka kwentetho

Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abancinci behamba ngokwahlukileyo, kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ukwahlula phakathi kokulibaziseka kunye nokuthetha okanye ukuphazamiseka kolwimi.

Phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ubudala bafika kade ekuphuhliseni ulwimi, amadoda angamathuba amathathu okuwela kweli qela. Uninzi lwenene alunantetho okanye ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kwaye lubanjwa yiminyaka emi-3.

Ugqirha wabantwana bakho uya kubuza imibuzo malunga nentetho yomntwana wakho kunye nobuchule bolwimi kunye nezinye izinto ezibalaseleyo zophuhliso kunye nokuziphatha.

Baza kuhlola umlomo, inkalakahla nolwimi lomntwana wakho. Basenokufuna ukuba ukuva kwendlebe yakho kutshekishwe. Nokuba umntwana wakho ubonakala ngathi uyasabela kwisandi, kunokubakho ilahleko yokuva eyenza amagama avakale kamdaka.

Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zokuqala, ugqirha wabantwana unokukuthumela kwezinye iingcali kuvavanyo olucokisekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ugqirha wezandi
• ulwimi lwezilwanyana
• ugqirha wemithambo-luvo
• iinkonzo zongenelelo kwangethuba

Ukunyanga ukulibaziseka kwentetho

Unyango lolwimi lokuthetha

Umgca wokuqala wonyango unyango lwentetho yolwimi. Ukuba intetho kukuphela kokulibaziseka kophuhliso, inokuba kuphela kwonyango olufunekayo.

Inika umbono ogqwesileyo. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko, umntwana wakho unokuba nokuthetha okuqhelekileyo ngexesha angena ngalo esikolweni.

Ulwimi oluthetha ngolwimi lunokusebenza njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango xa kukho esinye isifo. Ingcali yolwimi iya kusebenza ngokuthe ngqo nomntwana wakho, kunye nokukuyalela ngendlela onokuthi uncede ngayo.

Iinkonzo zongenelelo kwangethuba

Uphando lubonisa ukuba intetho kunye nokulibaziseka kolwimi kwi-2 1/2 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunokukhokelela kubunzima ekufundeni kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuziphatha kunye noluntu. Ngokuxilongwa ngugqirha, umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala unokulungela ukufumana iinkonzo zongenelelo kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuba baqale isikolo.

Ukunyanga imeko esisiseko

Xa ukulibaziseka kwentetho kudityaniswe nemeko engaphantsi, okanye kwenzeka ngengxaki ekhoyo, kubalulekile ukuba ujongane nale micimbi. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• uncedo kwiingxaki zokuva
• ukulungisa iingxaki zomzimba ngomlomo okanye ngolwimi
• unyango lomsebenzi
• ulungiso lwenyama
• Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha olusetyenzisiweyo (i-ABA)
• ulawulo lweengxaki zemithambo-luvo

Into enokwenziwa ngabazali

Nazi ezinye zeendlela onokukhuthaza ngazo intetho yomntwana wakho:

• Thetha ngqo nomntwana wakho omncinci, nokuba ubalisa nje into oyenzayo.
• Sebenzisa izijekulo ukhombe izinto njengokuba usitsho amagama ahambelanayo. Unokwenza oku ngamalungu omzimba, abantu, iithoyi, imibala, okanye izinto ozibonayo xa ujikeleza ibhloko.
• Funda kumntwana wakho omncinci. Thetha ngemifanekiso xa uhamba.
• Cula iingoma ezilula eziphindaphindwayo.
• Nika ingqalelo yakho xa uthetha nabo. Yiba nomonde xa umntwana wakho omncinci ezama ukuthetha nawe.
• Xa umntu ebabuza umbuzo, musa ukumphendula.
• Nokuba ulindele iimfuno zabo, banike ithuba lokuzithetha ngokwabo.
• Phinda amagama ngokuchanekileyo kunokuba ugxeke ngokuthe ngqo iimpazamo.
• Vumela umntwana wakho omncinci ukuba asebenzisane nabantwana abanezakhono ezifanelekileyo zolwimi.
• Buza imibuzo kwaye unike ukhetho, uvumele ixesha elininzi lokuphendula.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokulibaziseka

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo kwaye umntwana wakho uya kufika apho ngexesha labo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunokubonisa ezinye iingxaki, njengokulahleka kwendlebe okanye olunye ulibaziseko lophuhliso.

Xa kunjalo, ungenelelo lwakwangoko lungcono. Ukuba umntwana wakho akahlangani nentsingiselo yentetho, yenza idinga nogqirha wabantwana.

Okwangoku, qhubeka uthetha, ufunde, kwaye ucule ukukhuthaza intetho yosana lwakho.

Yise kude

Ukulibaziseka kwintetho kumntwana omncinci kuthetha ukuba abafikanga kwinqanaba lokuthetha kwiminyaka ethile.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukulibaziseka kwentetho kubangelwa yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango. Kule meko, intetho okanye unyango lolwimi lunokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iindlela zonyango.

Uninzi lwabantwana abasakhulayo lithetha kwangoko okanye kamva kunomyinge, ngenxa yoko ayisoloko ingunobangela wokukhathazeka. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuthetha okanye ubuchule bolwimi lomntwana wakho, bona ugqirha wabantwana. Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zabo, banokukuthumela kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo.

Ungenelelo kwangoko lokulibaziseka ekuthetheni kunokubangela ukuba umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-3 abanjwe ngexesha lokuqala isikolo.