Inqanaba 1 Umhlaza wemiphunga: Yintoni onokuyilindela

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Ulawulo lweempawu
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?
• Ukuba unomdlavuza omncinci wesifo semiphunga
• Ukuba unomdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Ngaba kunokwenzeka kwakhona?
• Zeziphi iindlela endinokukhetha kuzo zokuhlangabezana nenkxaso?

Isetyenziswa njani isiteji

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza oqala emiphungeni. Amanqanaba omhlaza abonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuba lukhulu kangakanani ithumba lokuqala nokuba sele lisasazekile kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni okanye ezikude zomzimba. Ukubeka indawo kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango olifunayo. Kwaye iyakunceda ufumane isiphatho kwinto ojongene nayo.

Inkqubo yokumisela i-TNM inceda ukwahlulahlula izinto eziphambili zomhlaza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• T ichaza ubungakanani kunye nezinye izinto zethumba.
• U-N ibonisa ukuba umhlaza ufikelele kwii-lymph node.
• M isixelela ukuba umhlaza une-metastasised kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Nje ukuba kunikwe iindidi ze-TNM, inqanaba lilonke linokugqitywa. Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlelwe ukusuka kwi-0 kuye kwi-4. Inqanaba 1 lahlulwe laya kwi-1A kunye ne-1B.

Ukuba amanqaku akho e-TNM:

T1a, N0, M0: Ithumba lakho eliphambili ziisentimitha ezi-2 (cm) okanye ngaphantsi (T1a). Akukho nxaxheba ye-lymph node (N0) kwaye akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo Inqanaba 1A umhlaza wemiphunga.

T1b, N0, M0: Ithumba lakho eliphambili liphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 cm (T1b). Akukho nxaxheba ye-lymph node (N0) kwaye akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo Inqanaba 1A umhlaza wemiphunga.

T2a, N0, M0: Ithumba lakho eliphambili liphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-5 cm.Inokuthi ikhule ibe yindlela ephambili yomoya (bronchus) yomphunga wakho okanye inwebu egubungele umphunga (visceral pleura). Umhlaza unokuthintela inxenye yomoya (T2a) wakho. Akukho nxaxheba ye-lymph node (N0) kwaye akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo Inqanaba 1B umhlaza wemiphunga.

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana amancinci (SCLC) uhlelwe ngokwahlukileyo kunesifo somhlaza esincinci esincinci (NSCLC), kusetyenziswa le nkqubo yamanqanaba mabini:

• Inqanaba elincinci: Umhlaza ufumaneka kwicala elinye kuphela esifubeni.
• Inqanaba elibanzi: Umhlaza usasazeke kuyo yonke imiphunga yakho, kumacala omabini esifuba, okanye kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Inqanaba 1 Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlala ungabangi zimpawu, kodwa unokufumana:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukudinwa
• ukukhohlela

Kamva-umhlaza wemiphunga unokukhokelela ekukhohliseni igazi, ukuvutha, kunye nentlungu yesifuba, kodwa oko akuqhelekanga kwenzeka kwinqanaba 1.

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuqala zilula kwaye kulula ukuzityeshela, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa utshaya okanye uneminye imingcipheko yomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ulawulo lweempawu

Ukongeza kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga, ugqirha wakho anganyanga iimpawu zomntu ngamnye. Kukho iintlobo zamayeza ukunceda ukulawula ukukhwehlela.

Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ngokwakho xa uziva uphefumla kancinci:

• Guqula indawo obume kuyo. Ukoyama phambili kwenza kubelula ukuphefumla.
• Gxila ekuphefumlweni kwakho. Gxila kwimisipha elawula uvalo lwakho. Coca imilebe yakho kwaye uphefumle ngesingqisho.
• Ziqhelise ukucamngca. Ixhala linokongeza kwingxaki, ke khetha umsebenzi opholileyo njengokumamela umculo owuthandayo okanye ukucamngca ukuze uhlale uzolile.
• Thatha ikhefu. Ukuba uzama ukungena ngamandla, uya kuzixakekisa kwaye wenze izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi. Gcina amandla kweyona misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu, okanye ubuze omnye umntu ukuba angene xa kunokwenzeka.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?

Ukhetho lwakho lonyango luxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga onawo
• zeziphi izinto ezibandakanyekileyo ekutshintsheni
• impilo yakho ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nezinye iimeko zonyango
• iminyaka yakho

Ukuba unomdlavuza omncinci wesifo semiphunga

Uya kudinga utyando ukuze ususe icandelo lomhlaza wemiphunga yakho. Olu tyando lunokubandakanya ukususwa kwee-lymph node ezikufuphi ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza. Kungenzeka ukuba awuyi kufuna olunye unyango.

Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphindaphinda, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngekhemotherapy emva kotyando. I-Chemotherapy ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinamandla ezinokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kufutshane nendawo yotyando okanye ezo zisenokuba zikhululeke kwithumba lokuqala. Ihlala inikwa ngemithambo kwimijikelo yeeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine.

Ukuba umzimba wakho womelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungamelana notyando, unyango lweradiology okanye i-radiofrequency ablation inokusetyenziswa njengonyango lwakho oluphambili.

Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa amandla e-X-ray ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Yinkqubo engenazintlungu ihlala inikwa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki iiveki ezininzi.

Ukurhoxiswa kweRadiofrequency kusebenzisa amandla amaza erediyo aphezulu ukufudumeza ithumba. Ukukhokelwa yimifanekiso yokucinga, kufakwa iphenyo encinci ngesikhumba nakwithumba. Inokwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo njengenkqubo yezigulana ezingalaliswayo.

Unyango ngemitha ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziswa njengonyango lwesibini ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zishiywe ngasemva emva kotyando.

Unyango lweziyobisi ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-immunotherapies zihlala zigcinelwe inqanaba lasemva kwexesha okanye umhlaza wemiphunga ophindaphindiweyo.

Ukuba unomdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu

Unyango luhlala luqukethe ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Ugqirha lusenokuba yinto ekhethwayo kweli nqanaba.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esisongela ubomi. Nje ukuba ugqibezele unyango, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukuba uphinde uchache. Kwaye uya kudinga ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuvavanywa kokulandelelana ukujonga ubungqina bokuphindaphinda.

Isigaba sokuqala somhlaza wemiphunga unombono ongcono kunesigaba somhlaza wamaphaphu kamva. Kodwa umbono wakho uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza wemiphunga, kubandakanya ukuba zeziphi na izinto ezibandakanyekayo
• ingaba unezinye iimeko zempilo ezinzima
• unyango olukhethayo kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kubo

Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba 1A NSCLC limalunga neepesenti ezingama-49. Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba 1B NSCLC limalunga neepesenti ezingama-45. La manani asekwe kubantu abafunyaniswe phakathi kwe-1998 kunye ne-2000 kwaye baquka abantu abasweleke kwezinye izizathu.

Isantya seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwabantu abakwinqanaba 1 le-SCLC limalunga neepesenti ezingama-31. Eli nani lisekwe kubantu abafunyaniswe phakathi kwe-1988 kunye ne-2001.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi manani azihlaziywanga ukubonisa abantu abafunyaniswe kutshanje. Ukuqhubela phambili kunyango kunokuphucula umbono jikelele.

Kwajongwa ngaphezulu kwabantu abangama-2 000 abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wemiphunga ukusukela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2005. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-70 zabo babenyangwa inqanaba loku-1A babephila kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva. Kwinqanaba loku-1, amathuba okusweleka kunyaka wokuqala emva kokuxilongwa yayiyiipesenti ezi-2.7.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka kwakhona?

Ukuphindaphinda ngumhlaza obuya emva kokuba ufumene unyango kwaye uthathwa njengongenawo umhlaza.

Kwesinye, malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abanesigaba 1A okanye 1B somhlaza wemiphunga baphindaphindeke. Ngomhlaza wemiphunga, i-metastasis ekude kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunokuphindaphinda kwendawo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukucwangcisela uvavanyo olulandelayo emva kokuba ugqibile unyango. Ukongeza kuvavanyo lomzimba, unokufuna uvavanyo lwephepha lokujonga kunye novavanyo lwegazi ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho.

Kuya kufuneka uphinde ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zokuphindaphinda:

• ukukhwehlela okutsha okanye okuya kusiba mandundu
• ukhohlela igazi
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuvutha
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga

Ezinye iimpawu zixhomekeke apho umhlaza ubuye khona. Umzekelo, iintlungu zethambo zingabonisa ubukho bomhlaza emathanjeni akho. Intloko entsha inokuthetha ukuba umhlaza uphinde wabuya kwingqondo.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezingaqhelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Zeziphi iindlela endinokukhetha kuzo zokuhlangabezana nenkxaso?

Unokufumanisa ukuba uyakwazi ukujamelana ngcono ukuba uthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kukhathalelo lwakho. Bambisana nogqirha wakho kwaye uhlale unolwazi. Buza malunga neenjongo zonyango ngalunye, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kunye nendlela yokujongana nazo. Cacisa malunga neminqweno yakho.

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ujongane nomhlaza wemiphunga kuphela. Usapho kunye nabahlobo bakho mhlawumbi bafuna ukuxhasa kodwa abasoloko beyazi indlela. Kungenxa yoko le nto banokuthi ngento enje "undazise xa ufuna nantoni na." Ke babase kwisibonelelo ngesicelo esithile. Oku kunokuba yiyo nantoni na ekukukhapha ukuya kwindibano ukuya ekuphekeni isidlo.

Kwaye, ewe, musa ukuthandabuza ukufikelela kwinkxaso eyongezelelweyo evela kubasebenzi bezentlalo, abanyangi, abefundisi, okanye amaqela enkxaso. I-oncologist yakho okanye indawo yonyango inokukuthumela kwizibonelelo kwindawo yakho.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenkxaso yomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nezixhobo, ndwendwela:

• Umbutho woMhlaza waseMelika
• Umanyano loMhlaza wemiphunga
• LungCancer.org