Zibonakala Njani Iimpawu zeSigaba 4 seMelanoma?

Umxholo

• Injani inqanaba lesine lamathumba?
• Ukudumba kwetyum
• Ubungakanani besisu
• Ukudumba kwezilonda
• Ukuzivavanya ngokwakho
• Kuphi enye indawo i-melanoma isasazeka kuyo?
• Uphatha njani inqanaba 4 le melanoma?
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango
• Yintoni imbonakalo yenqanaba 4 le-melanoma?
• Amaxabiso okusinda
• Ukufumana inkxaso

Sithetha ukuthini isigaba sesine sokuchongwa kwemelanoma?

Inqanaba lesi-4 lelona nqanaba liphambili le-melanoma, uhlobo olubi lomhlaza wolusu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kwii-lymph node ukuya kwamanye amalungu, amaxesha amaninzi imiphunga. Abanye oogqirha babhekisa kwinqanaba 4 le-melanoma njenge-melanoma ephambili.

Ukuchonga inqanaba 4 le-melanoma, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba:

• iimvavanyo zegazi, ukujonga ukubala kwegazi kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi
• Izikali, ezinje nge-ultrasound kunye nemifanekiso, ukujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke njani
• biopsies, ukususa isampulu yoviwo
• iintlanganiso zeqela leenkqubo ezininzi, okanye iintlanganiso kunye neqela leengcali zomhlaza wolusu

Ngamanye amaxesha i-melanoma inokuphinda yenzeke emva kokuba isusiwe.

Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga apho umhlaza usasazeke khona kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ukumisela ukuba umgama ungakanani kwinqanaba 4 lomhlaza. Funda ukuze ufumanise ukuba injani imiqondiso yenqanaba 4 le-melanoma.

Injani inqanaba lesine lamathumba?

Utshintsho kwi-mole esele ikhona okanye ulusu oluqhelekileyo kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lokuba umhlaza usasazekile. Kodwa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zenqanaba 4 le-melanoma azifani kuye wonke umntu. Ugqirha uya kuxilonga inqanaba 4 le-melanoma ngokujonga ithumba lokuqala, ukusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi, nokuba ingaba eli thumba lisasazekile na kwizitho ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa ugqirha wakho engayi kusekisa ukuxilongwa kwabo kuphela kwinto ebonakala ngayo ithumba lakho, inxenye yesifo sabo kubandakanya ukujonga ithumba lokuqala.

Ukudumba kwetyum

Olu phawu lwenqanaba 4 le-melanoma kulula ukuziva kunokuba lubonwa. Xa i-melanoma isasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane, ezo ndawo zingadibaniswa, okanye zidibene kunye. Xa ucinezela kwii-lymph node ezixineneyo, baya kuziva benamaqhuma kwaye bunzima. Ugqirha, ekhangela i-melanoma ephambili, inokuba ngumntu wokuqala ukufumana olu phawu lwenqanaba 4 le-melanoma.

Ubungakanani besisu

Ubungakanani be-tumor ayisoloko isibonakaliso esihle somhlaza wesikhumba. Kodwa iAmerican Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) inika ingxelo yokuba inqanaba lesi-4 lamathumba e-melanoma athanda ukuba ngqindilili-ngaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-4 ubunzulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inqanaba lesine le-melanoma lifunyaniswa yakuba i-melanoma isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph okanye kwamanye amalungu, ubungakanani be-tumor buyahluka kuye ngomntu. Ukongeza, unyango lunokulinciphisa ithumba, kodwa umhlaza usenako ukuqaqamba.

Ukudumba kwezilonda

Amanye amathumba omhlaza wolusu akhula nesilonda, okanye ikhefu eluswini. Olu kuvulwa lungaqala kwangoko kwinqanaba 1 le-melanoma kwaye lungaqhubeka ngokwamanqanaba aphezulu ngakumbi. Ukuba unesigaba se-4 se-melanoma, i-tumor yakho yesikhumba inokuthi okanye ingaphuli kwaye iphume.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ii-melanomas ezinezilonda zibonisa inqanaba lokusinda eliphantsi.

Ukuzivavanya ngokwakho

Unokulandela kwakhona ii-ABCDE ukuzivavanya ukuba unee-melanoma. Njonga i:

• asymmetry: xa i-mole ingalingani
• umda: umda ongaqhelekanga okanye ongachazwanga kakuhle
• umbala: umahluko wombala kwimole
• ubukhulu: I-melanomas ihlala ilingana neepensile okanye ezinkulu
• evolving: Utshintsho kubume, ubungakanani, okanye umbala kwimole okanye isilonda

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ubona i-mole entsha okanye ulusu lolusu emzimbeni wakho, ngakumbi ukuba ukhe wafumanisa ukuba une-melanoma.

Kuphi enye indawo i-melanoma isasazeka kuyo?

Xa i-melanoma iqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lesi-3, kuthetha ukuba i-tumor isasazeke kwii-lymph nodes okanye ulusu olujikeleze i-tumor yokuqala kunye ne-lymph nodes. Kwinqanaba le-4, umhlaza uye wafudukela kwezinye iindawo ezingaphaya kwe-lymph node, njengezitho zakho zangaphakathi. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-melanoma zisasazeka kuzo:

• imiphunga
• isibindi
• amathambo
• ingqondo
• isisu, okanye isisu

Oku kukhula kuya kubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iindawo esele zisasazekile. Umzekelo, unokuziva uphefumla okanye uhlala ukhohlela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwimiphunga yakho. Okanye unokuba nentloko yexesha elide engayi kuhamba ukuba sele isasazeka kwingqondo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zenqanaba 4 le-melanoma zisenokungabonakali kangangeminyaka emininzi emva kokuba kususwe ithumba lokuqala.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba uziva iintlungu ezintsha kunye neentlungu okanye iimpawu. Baza kuba nakho ukunceda ekuchongeni unobangela kwaye bacebise ngeendlela zonyango.

Uphatha njani inqanaba 4 le melanoma?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwinqanaba lesine le-melanoma linokunyangwa. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, ngokukhawuleza ungasuswa-kwaye aphezulu amathuba akho okufumana kwakhona. Isigaba 4 se-melanoma sinezona ndlela zonyango zinokukhetha, kodwa ezi ndlela zixhomekeke:

• uphi umhlaza
• apho umhlaza usasazeke khona
• iimpawu zakho
• sele uhambele phambili umhlaza
• ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yonke

Indlela ophendula ngayo kunyango ichaphazela unyango lwakho. Ezi zonyango zintlanu ziqhelekileyo:

• utyando: ukususa ithumba eliphambili kunye ne-lymph node ezichaphazelekayo
• chemotherapy: Unyango ngamachiza ukumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza
• Unyango ngemitha: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-X-ray ukuthintela ukukhula kunye neeseli zomhlaza
• immunotherapy: unyango lokunyusa amajoni akho omzimba
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo: ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iziyobisi zomhlaza

Olunye unyango lunokuxhomekeka apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Ugqirha wakho uya kuxoxa ngezinto onokukhetha kuzo kunye nawe ukunceda ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Uninzi lonyango lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lwalusekwe kuvavanyo lokuqala lweklinikhi. Unokufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-melanoma, ngakumbi ukuba yi-melanoma engenakususwa ngotyando. Uvavanyo ngalunye luya kuba neenqobo zalo. Abanye bafuna abantu abangakafumani unyango ngelixa abanye bevavanya iindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zomhlaza. Unokufumana uvavanyo lwezonyango kwi-Melanoma Research Foundation okanye kwifayile ye-.

Yintoni imbonakalo yenqanaba 4 le-melanoma?

Wakuba umhlaza usasazekile, ukufumana nokunyanga iiseli ezinomhlaza kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi nangakumbi. Wena kunye nogqirha wakho unokuphuhlisa isicwangciso esilinganisela iimfuno zakho. Unyango kufuneka lukwenze ukhululeke, kodwa kufuneka lukwasuse okanye lucothise ukukhula komhlaza. Izinga elilindelekileyo lokusweleka kwabantu abanxulumene ne-melanoma ngabantu abayi-10,130 ngonyaka. Umbono wenqanaba 4 le-melanoma lixhomekeke kwindlela usasazeke ngayo umhlaza. Kuhlala kubhetele ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kuphela kwiindawo ezikude zolusu kunye nee-lymph node endaweni yezinye izitho.

Amaxabiso okusinda

Ngo-2008, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 kwinqanaba 4 le-melanoma lalimalunga neepesenti ezili-15 ukuya kwezi-20, ngelixa izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eli-10 lalimalunga neepesenti ezili-10-15. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba eli nani libonisa unyango olukhoyo ngelo xesha. Unyango luhlala luqhubela phambili, kwaye amaxabiso aqikelelwa kuphela. Imbonakalo yakho ikwaxhomekeke ekuphenduleni komzimba wakho kunyango nakwezinye izinto ezinje ngobudala, indawo onayo umhlaza, kwaye ukuba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Ukufumana inkxaso

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza kwanoma yiluphi na uhlobo kunokuba lukhulu. Ukufunda ngakumbi ngemeko yakho kunye nokhetho kunyango kunokukunceda uzive ngakumbi kulawulo lwekamva lakho. Ukwazisa abahlobo bakho kunye nosapho malunga nenyathelo ngalinye kuhambo lwakho kunokunceda njengoko uqhubeka kunyango lwakho.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nembono yakho kunye novavanyo olunokubakho lwezonyango, ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo. Unokufikelela kumaqela enkxaso asekuhlaleni ukuze wabelane ngamava akho kwaye ufunde ngendlela abanye abantu abaye boyisa ngayo imiceli mngeni efanayo. I-American Melanoma Foundation inoluhlu lwamaqela enkxaso ye-melanoma kwilizwe liphela.