Statins: Ukusetyenziswa, Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nokunye

Umxholo

• Ngubani onokuzithatha
• Indlela abasebenza ngayo
• Izibonelelo
• Iindidi zee-statins
• Imingcipheko enokubakho kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Ukonakala kwemisipha
• Umonakalo wesibindi
• Umngcipheko wesifo seswekile
• Thetha nogqirha wakho
• Imibuzo neempendulo
• Q:
• A:

Yintoni ii-statins?

I-Statins liqela lamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-cholesterol ephezulu. Zisebenza ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini lakho, ngakumbi i-lipoprotein (LDL) okanye i-cholesterol "embi".

Abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu ye-LDL basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Ngale meko, icholesterol yakha kwimithambo yakho kwaye inokukhokelela kwi-angina, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukubetha. Ke, ii-statins zinokubaluleka ukunciphisa le ngozi.

Ngubani onokuzithatha

Umbutho wentliziyo yaseMelika ucebisa ngemimiselo yabantu abathile. Wena kunye nogqirha wakho kufuneka niqwalasele i-statins kuwe ukuba:

• bane-LDL ye-cholesterol yenqanaba le-190 mg / dL okanye ngaphezulu
• Sele unesifo sentliziyo
• baneminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala kwaye banomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo sentliziyo kule minyaka ili-10 izayo
• unesifo seswekile, baneminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala, kwaye banezinga le-LDL eliphakathi kwama-70 no-189 mg / dL

Indlela abasebenza ngayo

Umzimba wakho ufuna i-cholesterol ukuze usebenze kakuhle. Umzimba wakho ufumana i-cholesterol ngokutya ukutya okuthile kunye nokwenza kwisibindi sakho. Nangona kunjalo, ingozi ivela xa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu. Iitatins zisebenza ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho.

I-Statins yenza oku ngokuthintela ukuveliswa komzimba wakho kwe-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-HMG-CoA reductase. Le yile enzyme kufuneka isibindi sakho senze i-cholesterol. Ukuthintela le enzyme kubangela ukuba isibindi sakho senze i-cholesterol encinci, ethi yona yehlise amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.

Iitatins zikwasebenza ngokwenza kube lula kumzimba wakho ukufunxa icholesterol esele yakhiwe kwimithambo yakho.

Izibonelelo

Zininzi izibonelelo zokwenyani zokuthatha ii-statins, kwaye kubantu abaninzi, ezi zibonelelo zingaphezulu kobungozi beziyobisi.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba ii-statins zingathoba amanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-LDL ngama-50 epesenti. Iitatins zinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha. Ukongeza, i-2010 ibonisa ukuba ii-statins zidlala indima encinci ekwehliseni amanqanaba e-triglyceride kunye nokuphakamisa i-HDL (elungileyo) ye-cholesterol.

Iitatins zineempawu ezichasayo ezichasayo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi, intliziyo kunye nengqondo. Esi siphumo sinokunciphisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi, isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

La machiza anokunceda ekunciphiseni ithuba lokwaliwa emva kokufakelwa komzimba, ngokutsho kwinqaku kwiJenali yoNyango yoNyango. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka kule ndawo.

Iindidi zee-statins

Iitatins ziyafumaneka phantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamagama aqhelekileyo kunye nawophawu, kubandakanya:

• i-atorvastatin (iLipitor, iTorvast)
• ifluvastatin (Lescol)
• I-lovastatin (Mevacor, Altocor, Altoprev)
• ipitavastatin (Livalo, Pitava)
• ipravastatin (Pravachol, Selektine)
• Irosuvastatin (Crestor)
• Isimvastatin (Lipex, Zocor)

Olunye udibaniso lwamayeza anemimiselo. Phakathi kwazo kukho:

• i-amlodipine / i-atorvastatin (iCaduet)
• ezetimibe / simvastatin (Vytorin)

Imingcipheko enokubakho kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Abantu abathatha i-statins kufuneka baphephe iidiliya. Isiqhamo samagilebhisi sinokusebenzisana kunye nemimiselo ethile kwaye senze iziphumo ezibi ngakumbi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi nge-lovastatin kunye ne-simvastatin. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda izilumkiso eziza namayeza akho. Ukuba unemibuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-grapefruit kunye ne-statins.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokuthatha ii-statins ngaphandle kwemiphumela emininzi, kodwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba ngaba uhlobo olunye lwe-statin luya kubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngakumbi kunolunye. Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingagungqiyo, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho okanye acebise umgaqo owahlukileyo.

Ezinye zeempembelelo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-statins ziquka:

• ukuqhina
• urhudo
• isicaphucaphu

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala ziphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-statins zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu. Oku kubandakanya:

Ukonakala kwemisipha

Iitatins zinokubangela iintlungu zemisipha, ngakumbi kwiidosi eziphezulu. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zinokubangela nokuba iiseli zemisipha zonakale. Xa oko kusenzeka, iiseli zakho zemisipha zikhupha iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-myoglobin kwigazi lakho. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-rhabdomyolysis. Ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizintso zakho. Umngcipheko wale meko mkhulu kakhulu ukuba uthatha amanye amayeza anee-statins, ngakumbi i-lovastatin okanye i-simvastatin. La mayeza aquka:

• ii-antifungals ezithile ezinje nge-itraconazole kunye ne-ketoconazole
• I-cyclosporine (iRestasis, iSandimmune)
• erythromycin (EES, Erythrocin Stearate, kunye nabanye)
• gemfibrozil (iLopid)
• nefazodone (iSerzone)
• niacin (eNiacor, eNiaspan)

Umonakalo wesibindi

Ukonakala kwesibindi yenye yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kunyango lwe-statin. Uphawu lokonakaliswa kwesibindi kukunyuka kwee-enzyme zesibindi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha i-statin, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wesibindi ukujonga ii-enzyme zakho zesibindi. Banokuphinda uvavanyo ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesibindi ngelixa uthatha iyeza. Ezi zimpawu zingabandakanya i-jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu lwakho kunye namhlophe ngamehlo akho), umchamo omnyama, kunye nentlungu kwindawo ephezulu yesisu sakho.

Umngcipheko wesifo seswekile

Ii-Statins zisenokubangela ukuba amanqanaba eglucose (iswekile) egazini lakho anyuke. Oku kubangela ukwanda kancinci kumngcipheko wohlobo lweswekile 2. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngale ngozi, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Thetha nogqirha wakho

Ukuthatha i-statin ngelixa ulandela ukutya okunempilo kunye nokwenza umthambo rhoqo yindlela elungileyo yabantu abaninzi yokunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Ukuba une-cholesterol ephezulu, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba istemin ingalukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe. Imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho ibandakanya:

• Ngaba ndithatha nawaphi na amayeza anokusebenzisana nestenin?
• Zeziphi ezinye izibonelelo ocinga ukuba umthetho onokuthi undinike zona?
• Ngaba unokutya kunye neengcebiso zokuzilolonga ezinokundinceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yam?

Imibuzo neempendulo

Q:

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa ii-statins kunye notywala kunye?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Ukuba uthatha i-statin, qiniseka ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kukhuselekile na ukuba usele utywala. Ukuba usela nje isixa esilinganiselweyo sotywala kwaye unesibindi esisempilweni, kuya kuba kukhuselekile kuwe ukuba usebenzise utywala kunye nemimiselo kunye.

Inkxalabo enkulu ngotywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-statin kuza xa usela rhoqo okanye usele kakhulu, okanye ukuba unesifo sesibindi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukudityaniswa kotywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-statin kunokuba yingozi kwaye kukhokelele kumonakalo omkhulu wesibindi. Ukuba uyasela okanye unesifo sesibindi, qiniseka ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngomngcipheko wakho.

Iimpilo zeQela lezoNyango lezeMpilo libonisa izimvo zeengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.