Ngaba yi-Stroke okanye yi-Heart Attack?

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Yintoni unobangela?
• Stroke ebangela
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kubangela
• Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi?
• Sichongwa njani isifo sentliziyo?
• Sinyangwa njani isifo sentliziyo?
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukubetha
• Yintoni imbono?
• Ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha

Ushwankathelo

Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye neempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwenzeka ngesiquphe. Nangona ezi ziganeko zibini zineempawu ezifanayo, ezinye iimpawu ziyahluka.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lokubethwa yintlungu ngokukhawuleza kwaye enamandla. Maxa wambi ukubethwa sistroke kubizwa ngokuba “kukuhlaselwa yingqondo.” Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kwelinye icala, kuhlala kwenzeka ngentlungu yesifuba.

Ukuqonda iimpawu ezahlukileyo zestroke kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekufumaneni uhlobo olufanelekileyo loncedo.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iimpawu zokubetha kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kuxhomekeke:

• ubuzaza besiqendu
• iminyaka yakho
• isini sakho
• impilo yakho iyonke

Iimpawu zinokuza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.

Yintoni unobangela?

Zombini imivumbo kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yemithambo ebhlokiweyo.

Stroke ebangela

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo kukubethwa sischemic:

• Igazi elenjiweyo emithanjeni ngaphakathi kwengqondo linokunqumamisa ukujikeleza kwingqondo. Oku kunokubangela ukubetha.
• Imithambo ye-carotid ithwala igazi liye kwingqondo. Ukwakhiwa kweplaque kwimithambo ye-carotid kunokuba nesiphumo esifanayo.

Olunye uhlobo oluphambili lwesibetho sisifo esibuhlungu. Oku kwenzeka xa isitya segazi kwingqondo siphuka kwaye igazi livuza kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olucofa iindonga zemithambo yakho kunokubangela ukubetha.

Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kubangela

Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka xa umthambo we-coronary uvaliwe okanye uncipha kakhulu kangangokuba ukuphuma kwegazi kuyekile okanye kuthintelwe ngokuqatha. Umthambo wecoronary ngumthambo obonelela ngegazi kwizihlunu zentliziyo.

Ukuvaleka kwimithambo yegazi kunokubakho xa iqokobhe legazi limisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba i-cholesterol plaque eninzi iyakha kwi-artery ukuya kwindawo apho ukujikeleza kwehla kuncipha okanye kuyeke ngokupheleleyo.

Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi?

Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi bokubetha kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ziyafana. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukutshaya
• cholesterol ephezulu
• igazi elonyukayo
• ubudala
• Imbali yosapho

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luxinanisa iindonga zemithambo yegazi lakho. Oko kubenza babe ngqongqo ngakumbi kwaye kuncinci amathuba okuba bandise njengoko kufuneka ukugcina ukujikeleza okunempilo. Ukujikeleza okungalunganga kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ukuba unentliziyo yesingqisho esingaqhelekanga esaziwa njenge-atrial fibrillation (AK), unokwanda komngcipheko wokubetha. Ngenxa yokuba intliziyo yakho ayibethi kwisingqi esiqhelekileyo ngexesha le-AF, igazi linokudibanisa entliziyweni yakho kwaye lenze ihlwili. Ukuba elo qhekeza liphuma ngaphandle kwentliziyo yakho, linokuhamba njengesiqhushumbisi esiya kwingqondo yakho kwaye libangele ukubetha kweschemic.

Sichongwa njani isifo sentliziyo?

Ukuba uneempawu zestroke, ugqirha wakho uya kufumana isishwankathelo esikhawulezayo seempawu kunye nembali yonyango. Uya kufumana i-CT scan yengqondo. Oku kunokubonisa ukopha kwingqondo kunye neendawo zobuchopho ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke kukuhamba gazi okungalunganga. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iMRI.

Iseti eyahlukileyo yovavanyo yenziwa ukufumanisa isifo sentliziyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukwazi iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yonyango. Emva koko, baya kusebenzisa i-electrocardiogram ukujonga impilo yentliziyo yakho yemisipha.

Uvavanyo lwegazi luyenziwa kwakhona ukujonga ii-enzymes ezibonisa isifo sentliziyo. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza ne-catheterization yentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukukhokela ityhubhu ende, eguqukayo kwisitya segazi ukuya entliziyweni ukujonga ukuvaleka.

Sinyangwa njani isifo sentliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo

Ngamanye amaxesha ukunyanga ukuvalelwa okujamelene nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kufuna okungaphezulu kunonyango nje kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Kwezi meko, nokuba yimithambo yegazi eyodlula ngokudityaniswa (i-CAGB) okanye i-angioplasty ene-stent inokuba yimfuneko.

Ngexesha le-CABG, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "kukudlula ngotyando," ugqirha wakho uthatha isitya segazi kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho kwaye usincamathisela kwimithambo evaliweyo. Oku kubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kwindawo ejikelezileyo yenqanawa yegazi.

I-Angioplasty yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-catheter ngebhaluni encinci encamini yayo. Ugqirha wakho ufaka i-catheter kwisitya segazi kwaye uyifaka ibhaluni kwindawo yokuvalelwa. Ibhaluni icudisa ipleyiti ngokuchasene neendonga zemithambo ukuze ivulekele ukuhamba kakuhle kwegazi. Amaxesha amaninzi, baya kushiya ityhubhu encinci yocingo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-stent, endaweni yokunceda ukugcina umthambo uvulekile.

Emva kwesifo sentliziyo kunye nonyango olulandelayo, kuya kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba ekuvuseleleni intliziyo. Ukulungiswa kwentliziyo kuthabatha iiveki ezininzi kwaye kubandakanya iiseshoni zokujonga ezomzimba kunye nemfundo malunga nokutya, indlela yokuphila, kunye namayeza empilo entle yentliziyo.

Emva koko, kuyakufuneka uqhubeke nokuzilolonga kunye nokutya ukutya okusempilweni ngelixa uphepha izinto ezinjengokutshaya, utywala kakhulu, kunye noxinzelelo.

Ukubetha

Indlela yokuphila esempilweni ikwacetyiswa ukuba ilandele unyango lwe-stroke. Ukuba ubunesibetho se-ischemic kwaye wasenza esibhedlele kwisithuba seeyure ezimbalwa zeempawu zokuqala, ugqirha wakho unokukunika iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yicissus plasminogen activator, elinceda ukuqhekeza ihlwili. Banokusebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci ukufumana ihlwili kwimithambo yegazi.

Ukubetha okunesifo esibuhlungu, unokufuna utyando ukulungisa umthambo wegazi owonakeleyo. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa iklip ekhethekileyo kwezinye iimeko ukukhusela icandelo lesitya segazi esigqabhukileyo.

Yintoni imbono?

Imbonakalo yakho emva kokubetha okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubukrakra besiganeko kunye nokuba ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Abanye abantu abanesiphene baya kuba nomonakalo owenza ukuhamba okanye ukuthetha kube nzima ixesha elide. Abanye baphulukana nokusebenza kwengqondo okungaze kubuye. Kwabaninzi kwabo baphathwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokwenzeka.

Ukulandela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, unokulindela ukuphinda uqalise uninzi lwemisebenzi obuyonwabele ngaphambili ukuba wenza konke oku kulandelayo:

• landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho
• ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuvuseleleni kwentliziyo
• ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni

Ukulindelwa kobomi bakho kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekubeni ubambelela kwindlela yokuziphatha enentliziyo entle. Ukuba une-stroke okanye isifo sentliziyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha inkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokungathí sina kwaye unamathele kuyo. Nangona kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha, intlawulo ngumgangatho wobomi obungcono.

Ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha

Uninzi lwezicwangciso ezifanayo ezinokukunceda ukukhusela isifo sinokukunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukufumana i-cholesterol yakho kunye namanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi kwindawo efanelekileyo
• engatshayi
• ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukunciphisa umlinganiselo otya ngawo
• ukugcina iswekile yegazi lakho iphantsi kolawulo
• ukuzilolonga kakhulu, ukuba ayizizo zonke, iintsuku zeveki
• ukutya ukutya okusezantsi kumafutha agcweleyo, iswekile eyongeziweyo, kunye nesodiyam

Awunakho ukulawula umngcipheko othile, njengobudala kunye nembali yempilo yosapho. Unako, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphile ubomi obunempilo obunokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha.