Iimpawu zoBetho kwabaseTyhini: Ungasibona njani iStrowuku kwaye ufune uNcedo

Umxholo

• Ngaba i-stroke ixhaphake kubafazi?
• Iimpawu ezizodwa kwabasetyhini
• Iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokubetha
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa unestroke
• Unyango olukhethiweyo ukubetha
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Unyango lwabasetyhini ngokuchasene namadoda
• Ukubuyiselwa kwesibetho kwabasetyhini
• Ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo
• Imbonakalo

Ngaba i-stroke ixhaphake kubafazi?

Malunga nestroke unyaka nonyaka. Ukubetha kwenzeka xa igazi eligutyungelweyo okanye inqanawa ephukileyo isika ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo yakho. Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nabantu abayi-140,000 bafa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nesifo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphuhlisa amahlwili egazi okanye ukubamba inyumoniya.

Nangona amadoda esengozini yokuhlaselwa sisifo sokufa icala, abafazi banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphila. Abasetyhini nabo kunokwenzeka ukuba babulawe yistroke.

Uqikelelo lokuba umntu om-1 kwaba-5 kwabase-Amerika uya kuba nesifo sokufa icala, kwaye phantse ama-60 eepesenti aya kubulawa lolo hlaselo. Ukubethwa sisibetho sesithathu esibangela ukufa kwabasetyhini baseMelika.

Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni abantu ababhinqileyo benesifo sokufa icala: Abasetyhini baphila ixesha elide kunamadoda, kwaye ubudala yenye into ebangela umngcipheko wokubetha. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukukhulelwa kunye nolawulo lokuzalwa kukonyusa umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni.

Okukhona uyazi malunga neempawu zestrush kwabafazi, kokukhona uya kuba nakho ukufumana uncedo. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokukhubazeka kunye nokuchacha.

Iimpawu ezizodwa kwabasetyhini

Abasetyhini banokuxela iimpawu ezingahlali zinxulunyaniswa nemivumbo emadodeni. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha
• ukuxhuzula
• hiccups
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• intlungu
• ukuphelelwa ngamandla okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ubuthathaka ngokubanzi

Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zahlukile kwabasetyhini, kunokuba nzima ukukhawulezisa ukudibanisa ukubetha. Oku kunokulibazisa unyango, olunokuthintela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ukuba ungumfazi kwaye awuqinisekanga ukuba iimpawu zakho zezesibetho, kufuneka ubize iinkonzo zongxamiseko zengingqi. Nje ukuba aboncedo lokuqala bafike kwindawo yesehlo, banokuvavanya iimpawu zakho kwaye baqale unyango, ukuba kufuneka njalo.

Iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo

Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, njengokukhawuleza ukozela, kunokubonisa ukubetha. Oogqirha babiza ezi mpawu “.”

Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• ukungaphenduli
• ukudideka
• ukudideka
• utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lokuziphatha
• ukuphazamiseka
• ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo

Abaphandi kwisifundo sika-2009 bafumanisa ukuba imeko yengqondo etshintshileyo yayiyeyona mpawu ixhaphakileyo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-23 zabasetyhini kunye neepesenti ezili-15 zamadoda zichaze imeko yengqondo eguqulweyo enxulumene nokubetha. Nangona bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini banokuchaphazeleka, abasetyhini bamalunga namaxesha e-1.5 amathuba okuba baxele ubuncinci uphawu lwesifo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokubetha

Iimpawu ezininzi zestroke zinokubonwa ngamadoda nabafazi. I-Stroke ihlala ibonakaliswa kukungakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuqonda intetho, ukubonakaliswa okuxineneyo kunye nokudideka.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zestroke zi:

• inkathazo yequbuliso yokubona kwiliso elinye okanye kokubini
• Ukuba ndindisholo ngequbuliso okanye ukuba buthathaka kobuso bakho kunye nemilenze yakho, ikakhulu kwicala elinye lomzimba wakho
• ngequbuliso ingxaki yokuthetha okanye ukuqonda, okunxulumene nokudideka
• ngequbuliso kwaye ibuhlungu intloko ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• isiyezi ngesiquphe, ingxaki yokuhamba, okanye ilahleko eseleyo okanye yokulungelelanisa

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini bahlala behamba ngcono ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo imiqondiso yesifo. U-2003 wafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zabasetyhini, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-85 zamadoda, zazi ukuba ingxaki yokuthetha okanye ukudideka ngequbuliso ziimpawu zestroke.

Uphononongo luye lwabonisa ukuba uninzi lwabasetyhini kunye nabesilisa bayasilela ukubiza zonke iimpawu ngokuchanekileyo kwaye bachonge ixesha lokufowuna iinkonzo zongxamiseko. Kuphela liipesenti ezili-17 zabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abenze uvavanyo.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa unestroke

Umbutho kaZwelonke weStroke ucebisa isicwangciso esilula sokuchonga iimpawu zestroke. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu okufutshane nawe unokuba unesifo sokufa icala, kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokukhawuleza.

Xa kuziwa kwisibetho, yonke imizuzu yokubala. Xa ulinde ixesha elide ukubiza iinkonzo zongxamiseko zengingqi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubetha kuya kubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okanye ukukhubazeka.

Nangona impendulo yakho yokuqala inokuba kukuziqhubela ngokwakho esibhedlele, kuya kufuneka uhlale apho ukhoyo. Tsalela umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko zasekuhlaleni nje ukuba uqaphela iimpawu kwaye uzilinde ukuba zifike. Banokubonelela ngonyango olukhawulezileyo ongenakukufumana ukuba ubuya kubeka i-ambulensi phambili.

Emva kokufika esibhedlele, ugqirha uya kuvavanya iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yonyango. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nolunye uvavanyo lokuqonda ngaphambi kokufumanisa isifo.

Unyango olukhethiweyo ukubetha

Ukhetho kunyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.

Ischemic stroke

Ukuba ukubetha kwakusischemic - olona hlobo luqhelekileyo- oko kuthetha ukuba iqabunga legazi linqumle ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo yakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika iyeza leplasminogen activator (tPA) yeyeza.

Eli yeza kufuneka linikezelwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine ezinesiqingatha sokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala ukuze zisebenze, ngokwemiqathango ehlaziyiweyo yakutshanje evela kwiAmerican Heart Association (AHA) kunye neAmerican Stroke Association (ASA). Ukuba awukwazi ukuthatha i-tPA, ugqirha wakho uya kukuhambisa igazi elincinci okanye elinye iyeza le-anticoagulant ukumisa iiplatelets ekubeni zenze amahlwili.

Olunye ukhetho lonyango lubandakanya utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezingenayo ezophula amahlwili okanye zivule imithambo. Ngokwezikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo, ukususwa kwe-clot clot kungenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokubonakala kokuqala kweempawu zestroke. Ukususwa kwe-clot clot kuyaziwa ngokuba yi-mechanical thrombectomy.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Isibetho esophayo senzeka xa umthambo kwingqondo yakho uqhekeza okanye uvuza igazi. Oogqirha baphatha olu hlobo lwesifo ngokubetha ngokwahlukileyo kunesibetho se-ischemic.

Indlela yonyango isekwe kwisizathu esibangela ukubetha:

• I-aneurysm. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-aneurysm.
• Igazi elonyukayo. Ugqirha wakho ulawula amayeza aza kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukopha.
• Iimithambo ezingalunganga kunye nemithambo eqhekekileyo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukulungiswa kwe-arteriovenous (AVM) ukukhusela nayiphi na into eyongezelelweyo yokuphuma kwegazi.

Unyango lwabasetyhini ngokuchasene namadoda

Uphando luveze ukuba abasetyhini bafumana unyango olungxamisekileyo oluhlwempuzekileyo xa kuthelekiswa namadoda. Abaphandi ngo-2010 bafumanisa ukuba abafazi bahlala belinda ixesha elide ukuba babonwe emva kokufika kwi-ER.

Nje ukuba bamkelwe, abasetyhini banokufumana ukhathalelo oluncinci kunye nokunyanga. Kucetyiswa ukuba oku kunokuba ngenxa yeempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezenziwa ngamanye amabhinqa, ezinokulibazisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesibetho kwabasetyhini

Ukubuyiselwa kwesibetho kuqala esibhedlele. Nje ukuba imeko yakho iphuculwe, uya kufuduselwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo, enje ngeziko labongikazi abanezakhono (SNF) okanye indawo yokubuyiselwa kwistroke. Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokunyamekela ekhaya. Unonophelo lwasekhaya lunokuncediswa ngonyango lwangaphandle okanye ukhathalelo lwe-hospice.

Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokubandakanya indibaniselwano yonyango lomzimba, unyango lwentetho, kunye nonyango lomsebenzi ukukunceda ukuba uphinde ubenobuchule bokuqonda. Iqela lokhathalelo linokukufundisa indlela yokuhlamba amazinyo, ukuhlamba, ukuhamba, okanye ukwenza eminye imisebenzi yomzimba.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini abasinda kwimivumbo bahlala befumana kancinci kancinci kunamadoda.

Abasetyhini banamathuba amaninzi okuba namava:

• ukukhubazeka okunxulumene nesifo
• imisebenzi yokuphazamiseka yemihla ngemihla
• ukudakumba
• ukudinwa
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukunciphisa umgangatho wobomi

Oku ukuya kwimisebenzi ephantsi yangaphambi kokubetha komzimba okanye iimpawu zoxinzelelo.

Ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo

Unyaka nonyaka, babulawa kukufa icala njengoko besenza umhlaza wamabele. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlale uqaphele malunga nempilo yakho. Ukunceda ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo, unga:

• yitya ukutya okunezondlo
• gcina ubunzima obusempilweni
• yenza umthambo rhoqo
• yeka ukutshaya
• thatha into oyithandayo, efana nokunitha okanye iyoga, ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo

Abasetyhini kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okongezwa ngenxa yemingcipheko eyodwa abajongana nayo. Ithetha ukuba:

• Ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha nasemva kokukhulelwa
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-fibrillation ye-atrial (AFib) ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala
• Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphambi kokuqala kolawulo lokuzalwa

Imbonakalo

Ukubuyiselwa kwesibetho kuyahluka kuye ngomntu umntu. Unyango lomzimba lunokukunceda uphinde ufunde naziphi na izakhono ezilahlekileyo. Abanye abantu banokwazi ukuphinda bafunde indlela yokuhamba okanye ukuthetha kungaphelanga neenyanga. Abanye banokufuna ixesha elingaphezulu ukuze bachache.

Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuhlala kumkhondo kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokugcina okanye ukuphucula indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Ukongeza ekuncedeni ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo.