Unyango ekujoliswe kulo kuMhlaza weSifuba esiPhambili: Izinto ezi-7 zokwazi

Umxholo

• 1. Luluphi unyango ekujoliswe kulo?
• 2. Ngaba unyango ekujoliswe kulo lwahluke njani kwi-chemotherapy esemgangathweni?
• 3. Zenziwa njani unyango ekujoliswe kulo?
• 4. Luluphi unyango olujolisiweyo oluvunyiweyo kwaye lusebenza njani?
• 5. Ngubani umgqatswa wonyango ekujoliswe kulo?
• 6. Ngaba kukho umda kunyango ekujoliswe kulo?
• 7. Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zonyango olujolisiweyo?

Ukuqonda okutsha kwi-genome yomhlaza kukhokelele kunyango oluninzi ekujolise kulo lomhlaza wamabele oqhubela phambili. Eli candelo lithembisayo lonyango lomhlaza lichonga kwaye lihlasele iiseli zomhlaza ngokufanelekileyo. Nazi izinto ezisixhenxe ekufuneka uzazi malunga neli qela litsha leziyobisi ezichanekileyo.

1. Luluphi unyango ekujoliswe kulo?

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lisebenzisa ulwazi malunga nemfuza yakho kunye neeproteni ukukhusela, ukufumanisa isifo kunye nokunyanga umhlaza. Unyango lujolise ekuhlaseleni iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni.

2. Ngaba unyango ekujoliswe kulo lwahluke njani kwi-chemotherapy esemgangathweni?

I-chemotherapy esemgangathweni isebenza ngokubulala iiseli ezinomhlaza eziqhelekileyo kwaye zahlula ngokukhawuleza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luyilelwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweethagethi zemolekyuli ezinxulumene nomhlaza.

Iiseli zomhlaza zahlukile kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunokubona iiseli ezinomhlaza kwaye emva koko zitshabalalise okanye zithintele ukukhula kwazo ngaphandle kokonzakalisa iiseli ezinomhlaza. Olu hlobo lonyango luthathwa njengoluhlobo lwe-chemotherapy, nangona lusebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luye lube neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kuneziyobisi eziqhelekileyo.

3. Zenziwa njani unyango ekujoliswe kulo?

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuphuhliseni unyango ekujoliswe kulo kukuchonga iimakethi zemolekyuli ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweseli yomhlaza kunye nokusinda. Nje ukuba umakishi achongwe, unyango luyenziwa oluphazamisa imveliso okanye ukusinda kweeseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wophawu okanye ukumthintela ekubambeni kwisamkeli esiqhelekileyo esivulekileyo.

4. Luluphi unyango olujolisiweyo oluvunyiweyo kwaye lusebenza njani?

• Unyango lweHormone ukucothisa okanye ukumisa ukukhula kwamathumba ane-hormone-ethe-ethe efuna ukuba iihomoni ezithile zikhule.
• Iimpawu zokuhambisa ezithintelayo vimba imisebenzi yeemolekyuli ezithatha inxaxheba kuthumelo lomqondiso, inkqubo ephendula ngayo iseli kwimiqondiso evela kwindalo esingqongileyo.
• Iimodyuli zokubonisa iGene(GEM) lungisa umsebenzi weeproteni ezidlala indima kulawulo lwentetho yemfuza.
• I-apoptosis inducers kubangela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zenze i-apoptosis, inkqubo yokufa kweseli okulawulwayo.
• Ii-angiogenesis inhibitors kuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi okuyimfuneko ukuze kukhule amathumba.
• Amajoni omzimba kubangela amajoni omzimba ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Amachiza omzimba monoclonal (mAb okanye moAb) ukuhambisa iimolekyuli ezinetyhefu ekujoliseni nasekubulaleni iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngokuziphatha njengemagnethi ukuyifumana kunye nazo kwaye kuthintele ukuvelisa kwazo kwakhona.

5. Ngubani umgqatswa wonyango ekujoliswe kulo?

Xa i-US Food and Drug Administration ivuma unyango oluthile ekujoliswe kulo, bachaza iimeko ezithile xa zinokusetyenziswa. Bachaza nokuba ngubani olungele unyango. Ngokubanzi, unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abanokutshintsha okuthile okunokufunyanwa lunyango. Basebenza ukutshabalalisa okanye ukuthintela iiseli ezinomhlaza zolo tshintsho. Unyango olujolisiweyo lunokukhetha kubantu abanomhlaza ongaphendulanga kolunye unyango, lusasazekile, okanye alulunganga kuqhaqho.

6. Ngaba kukho umda kunyango ekujoliswe kulo?

Iiseli zomhlaza zinokunganyangeki ngokutshintsha ukuze unyango ekujoliswe kulo lungasebenzi. Ukuba kunjalo, ithumba linokufumana indlela entsha yokuphumeza ukukhula okungaxhomekeki kwithagethi. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango olujoliswe kuyo lunokusebenza kakuhle ngokudibanisa iindlela ezimbini zonyango okanye amayeza amayeza emveli.

7. Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zonyango olujolisiweyo?

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo zibandakanya:

• ubuthathaka
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ubunzima
• ukuphefumla
• irhashalala

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibandakanya ukumiswa kweenwele, iingxaki zokunqanda igazi kunye nokuphilisa amanxeba, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.