I-ADHD kunye noBume boBume kunye nokuSebenza

Umxholo

• Ukuqonda i-ADHD
• Ubume beBongo kunye nokuSebenza kwi-ADHD
• Isini kunye ne-ADHD
• Unyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Amayeza
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Imbonakalo
• Q:
• A:

I-ADHD kunye noBume boBume kunye nokuSebenza

I-ADHD sisifo se-neurodevelopmental disorder. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kukho ubungqina obandayo bokuba ubume bengqondo kunye nokusebenza kunokuhluka phakathi komntu one-ADHD kunye nomntu ongenasiphazamiso. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunokunceda ukunciphisa ibala ngamanye amaxesha elinxulunyaniswa ne-ADHD.

Ukuqonda i-ADHD

I-ADHD ibonakaliswa bubunzima ngokunika ingqalelo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Umntu one-ADHD unokufumana ukusilela kwengqwalaselo okanye uxinzelelo ngakumbi.I-ADHD ihlala ichongwa ngexesha lobuntwana, kodwa inokuchongwa okokuqala ebomini babantu abadala. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukungabikho kwengqwalasela
• fidgeting
• ubunzima bokuhlala phantsi
• ubuntu obugqithisileyo
• ukulibala
• bethetha ngokujika
• iingxaki zokuziphatha
• ukungxamiseka

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-ADHD asaziwa. Imfuza kucingelwa ukuba idlala into enkulu. Kukho ezinye izinto ezinokubangela igalelo, ezinje:

• isondlo, nangona isenempikiswano nokuba ngaba akukho ntlangano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye nokusetyenziswa kweswekile, ngokophando olwenziwe kwiphephancwadi.
• ukwenzakala kwengqondo
• ukubonakaliswa
• ukubhenca icuba kunye notywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ubume beBongo kunye nokuSebenza kwi-ADHD

Ingqondo lelona lungu linzima lomntu. Ke ngoko, iyavakala into yokuba ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye nolwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi nawo unzima. Izifundo ziphande ukuba ngaba kukho umahluko kulwakhiwo phakathi kwabantwana abane-ADHD kunye nabo bangenangxaki. Sebenzisa i-MRIs, olunye uphando luvavanye abantwana ngaphandle kwe-ADHD kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10. Bafumanise ukuba ubungakanani bengqondo bohlukile phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Abantwana abane-ADHD babeneengqondo ezincinci malunga, nangona kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba ubukrelekrele abuchaphazeleki kubungakanani bengqondo. Abaphandi baphinde baxela ukuba ukukhula kwengqondo kwakufana nakubantwana abane-ADHD okanye ngaphandle kwayo.

Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba iindawo ezithile zobuchopho zincinci kubantwana abaneempawu ezinzima ze-ADHD. Ezi ndawo, ezinjenge-lobes yangaphambili, zibandakanyeka:

• ulawulo lwempembelelo
• isithintelo
• Umsebenzi weemoto
• Uxinzelelo

Abaphandi bajonge ukwahluka kwento emhlophe nengwevu kubantwana abane-ADHD nangaphandle kwayo. Umba omhlophe uqukethe ii-axon, okanye imicu yentsimbi. Imba engwevu ngumaleko ongaphandle wengqondo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abane-ADHD banokuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-neural kwiindawo zobuchopho ezichaphazelekayo:

• Ukuziphatha okungxamisekileyo
• ingqalelo
• isithintelo
• Umsebenzi weemoto

Ezi ndlela zahlukileyo zinokuthi zichaze ukuba kutheni abantu abane-ADHD bahlala benemicimbi yokuziphatha kunye nobunzima bokufunda.

Isini kunye ne-ADHD

Ijenali yokuPhazamiseka kwengqwalaselo Iingxelo zinokubakho umahluko ngokwesini kwi-ADHD. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba isini sibonisiwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwentsebenzo lokulinganisa ukungakhathali kunye nokunyanzelwa. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba amakhwenkwe athambekele ekufumaneni ukungxamiseka ngakumbi kunamantombazana. Kwakungekho mahluko kwiimpawu zokungakhathaleli phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana. Kwi-flipside, amantombazana ane-ADHD anokufumana imicimbi engaphakathi, enje ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi njengoko bekhula. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kwesini kunye ne-ADHD usafuna ukuqhubeka kophando.

Unyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Unyango luyimfuneko ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kwi-ADHD. Kulabo abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, icebisa unyango lokuziphatha kuqala. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunako:

• ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuziphatha
• ukuphucula amabakala esikolo
• ncedisa ngezakhono zentlalo
• thintela ukusilela ekugqibeni imisebenzi

Kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-5, amayeza ngokubanzi athathwa njengoluhlu lokuqala lonyango lwe-ADHD. Ezinye iindlela zokuphila zinokunceda, nazo.

Amayeza

Xa kufikwa kulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-ADHD, amayeza kagqirha ayaqhubeka ukuba ngumgca wokuqala kunyango lwabantwana abaninzi. Ezi ziza ngendlela yokuvuselela. Ngelixa kunokubonakala ngathi akunamsebenzi ukumisela amayeza avuselelayo kumntu osele engasebenzi kakuhle, la machiza enesiphumo esahlukileyo kwizigulana ze-ADHD.

Ingxaki ngezikhuthazi kukuba banokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwezinye izigulana, ezinje:

• ukucaphuka
• ukudinwa
• ukuphuthelwa

NgokweZiko leMcGovern loPhando ngeBongo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zabantu basabela kakuhle kwisikhuthazi sokuqala abasimiselweyo. Ukuba awonwabanga ngamayeza avuselelayo, into engakhuthaziyo lolunye ukhetho lwe-ADHD.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda nasekulawuleni iimpawu ze-ADHD. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantwana abasakhayo imikhwa. Ungazama:

• ukunciphisa ixesha likamabonwakude, ngakumbi ngexesha lesidlo sangokuhlwa kunye namanye amaxesha oxinzelelo
• ukuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo okanye ukuzonwabisa
• ukwandisa izakhono zombutho
• ukumisela iinjongo kunye nokufumana umvuzo
• ukunamathela kwinkqubo yemihla ngemihla

Imbonakalo

Kuba akukho lunyango lwe-ADHD, unyango luyimfuneko ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi. Unyango lunokunceda abantwana baphumelele esikolweni. Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni edla ngokubonakala ebuntwaneni, ezinye iimpawu ziyaphucuka kunye nobudala. Ngapha koko, iZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo (i-NIMH) liqaphela ukuba ingqondo yesigulana se-ADHD ifikelela kwisimo "esiqhelekileyo", kodwa iyalibaziseka. Kwakhona, ngaphandle kweyantlukwano ngokwesini ngaphakathi kobume bengqondo kunye nokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abesilisa nabasetyhini bafumana unyango olufanayo.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba isicwangciso sonyango somntwana wakho sangoku sinokufuna ukujonga okwesibini. Unokucinga ngokuthetha neengcali kwisikolo somntwana wakho ukuze ujonge iinkonzo ezinokubakho zokuncedisa. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ngonyango olululo, umntwana wakho angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobonwabisayo.

Q:

Ngaba yinyani ukuba i-ADHD iphantsi kokuqwalaselwa kumantombazana? Ukuba kunjalo, kutheni?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

I-ADHD kudala inxulunyaniswa namakhwenkwe kunye nokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo. Iimeko ezininzi ze-ADHD ziziswa kwingqwalaselo yabazali ngootitshala abaqaphela isimilo esiphazamisayo somntwana eklasini. Ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo ngokwendalo yayo kuyaphazamisa okanye kuyingxaki kunokuziphatha ngokungakhathali okuhlala kubonwa kumantombazana ane-ADHD. Abo baneempawu zokungakhathaleli ze-ADHD ngokubanzi abalufuni uhoyo lootitshala babo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, bahlala bengaziwa ukuba banengxaki.

UTimothy J. Legg, PhD, PMHNP-BCAmpendulo zimele izimvo zeengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.