Yintoni enokuthi ihambe ngokungalunganga kwiThathu yeThathu?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Yintoni isifo seswekile?
• Unyango
• Yintoni i-preeclampsia?
• Iimpawu
• Unyango
• Unobangela kunye nokuthintela
• Yintoni umsebenzi wokuqala?
• Iimpawu
• Unyango
• Ukuqhekeka kwangaphambili kweembrane (PROM)
• Unyango
• Iingxaki nge-placenta (previa kunye nokuphazamiseka)
• Placenta previa
• Ukuphazamiseka kweplacental
• Isithintelo sokukhula kwangaphakathi (IUGR)
• Ukukhulelwa emva kwexesha
• Isifo seMeconium aspiration
• Imalpresentation (ibreech, transverse lie)

Ushwankathelo

Iiveki ezingama-28 ukuya ku-40 zizisa ukufika kwekota yesithathu. Eli xesha linomdla ngokuqinisekileyo lilula ekhaya koomama abakhulelweyo, kodwa ikwalixesha apho iingxaki zinokwenzeka. Njengokuba ii-trimesters ezimbini zokuqala zinokuzisa imiceli mngeni yazo, kunjalo nakowesithathu.

Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka lubaluleke kakhulu kwikota yesithathu kuba iintlobo zeengxaki ezinokuvela ngeli xesha zilawulwa ngokulula xa zifunyenwe kwangethuba.

Uya kuqala ukutyelela ugqirha wakho wokubelekisa rhoqo ngeveki ukusuka kwiiveki ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-36 kwaye kube kanye ngeveki de kufike omncinci wakho.

Yintoni isifo seswekile?

Uninzi lwabafazi abakhulelweyo eUnited States banesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Isifo seswekile sikamama sivela ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lwehomoni ekukhulelweni lwenza kube nzima ngakumbi emzimbeni wakho ukusebenzisa kakuhle i-insulin. Xa i-insulin ingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo wokunciphisa iswekile yegazi iye kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo, isiphumo siphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga iswekile yegazi (iswekile yegazi).

Uninzi lwabasetyhini alunazimpawu. Ngelixa le meko ingahlali iyingozi kumama, ibeka iingxaki ezininzi kwimveku engekazalwa. Ngokukodwa, i-macrosomia (ukukhula okugqithileyo) kwimveku engekonyusa amathuba okuhanjiswa kwe-cesarean kunye nomngcipheko wokulimala ngokuzalwa. Xa amanqanaba e-glucose elawulwa kakuhle, i-macrosomia ayinakufane yenzeke.

Ekuqaleni kwekota yesithathu (phakathi kweeveki ezingama-24 nama-28), bonke abasetyhini kufuneka bavavanyelwe isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Ngexesha lovavanyo lokunyamezelana kweswekile (ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lomngeni wokuvavanywa kweswekile), uya kudla isiselo esinomlinganiselo othile weswekile (iswekile). Ngexesha elithile kamva, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho.

Kuvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngomlomo ngeswekile, uzila ukutya ubuncinci iiyure ezisibhozo kwaye une-100 milligram yeswekile, emva koko kuhlolwe amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Loo manqanaba aya kulinganiswa ngeyure, ezimbini, kunye neeyure ezintathu emva kokuba usele iswekile.

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo alindelweyo ngala:

• emva kokuzila ukutya, isezantsi kwe-95 milligrams ngedesilitha nganye (mg / dL)
• emva kweyure enye, ingaphantsi kwe-180 mg / dL
• emva kweeyure ezimbini, ingaphantsi kwe-155 mg / dL
• emva kweeyure ezintathu, ingaphantsi kwe-140 mg / dL

Ukuba iziphumo ezibini kwezi zithathu ziphezulu kakhulu, umntu wasetyhini unokufumana isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Unyango

Isifo seswekile sikamama sinokunyangwa ngokutya, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye namayeza, kwezinye iimeko. Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa utshintsho olwenziwe kwindlela otya ngayo, njengokunciphisa ukutya okune-carbohydrate kunye neziqhamo ezandayo kunye nemifuno.

Ukongeza umthambo onefuthe elisezantsi kunokunceda. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokumisela i-insulin.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa sihlala sihamba ngexesha lasemva kokubeleka. Iswekile yegazi iya kubekwa esweni emva kokuhanjiswa ukuze iqiniseke.

Nangona kunjalo, owasetyhini onesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa unomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nesifo seswekile kamva ebomini kunowasetyhini ongakhange abe nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Le meko inokuchaphazela namathuba okuba umfazi akhulelwe kwakhona. Ugqirha uya kucebisa ngokujonga amanqanaba eswekile yegazi labasetyhini ukuqinisekisa ukuba baphantsi kolawulo ngaphambi kokuba azame ukuba nomnye umntwana.

Yintoni i-preeclampsia?

I-Preeclampsia yimeko enzima eyenza ukuba utyelelo lwaphambi kokubeleka lubaluleke nangakumbi. Imeko leyo ivele emva kweeveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa kwaye inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kumama nomntwana.

Phakathi kweepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8 zabasetyhini bafumana le meko. Abaselula, abafazi abangama-35 nangaphezulu, kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelwe umntwana wabo wokuqala basemngciphekweni omkhulu. Abasetyhini base-Afrika baseMelika basemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Iimpawu

Iimpawu zale meko zibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iprotheni kumchamo, ukutyeba ngequbuliso, kunye nokudumba kwezandla neenyawo. Naziphi na kwezi mpawu ziyaqinisekisa ukuvavanywa ngakumbi.

Ukutyelela ngaphambi kokubeleka kubalulekile kuba ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngexesha lokutyelela kunokufumanisa iimpawu ezinjengexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kunye nokwanda kweprotheni kumchamo. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-preeclampsia inokukhokelela kwi-eclampsia (ukuxhuzula), ukusilela kwezintso, kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha nokufa kumama nakwimveku engekazalwa.

Uphawu lokuqala ugqirha wakho alubonayo luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lotyelelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka. Kwakhona, iprotheni inokufunyanwa kumchamo wakho ngexesha lokuchama. Abanye abantu basetyhini banokufumana ubunzima obungaphezulu kokulindelweyo. Abanye bafumana iintloko, ukutshintsha kombono, kunye nentlungu ephezulu esiswini.

Abasetyhini akufuneki bazityeshele iimpawu zepreeclampsia.

Funa unyango lwengxamiseko ukuba ukhawuleze wadumba iinyawo neenyawo, izandla nobuso. Ezinye iimpawu zongxamiseko zibandakanya:

• intloko engapheli kunye neyeza
• ukulahleka kombono
• "Iiflethi" kumbono wakho
• iintlungu eziqatha kwicala lasekunene okanye kwindawo yesisu
• ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula
• ukuncipha kwamanani omchamo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Le miqondiso ingabonisa ukuba i-preeclampsia ibukhali.

Uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana nokuvavanywa kwesibindi kunye nezintso kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi, kunokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwaye kungasifumana isifo esibi.

Unyango

Ugqirha uyiphatha njani i-preeclampsia ixhomekeke kubukrakra bayo kwaye kukude kangakanani ekukhulelweni kwakho. Ukuhambisa umntwana wakho kunokuba yimfuneko ukukhusela wena kunye nomncinci wakho.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuxoxa ngezinto ezininzi kunye nawe kuxhomekeke kwiiveki zakho zokukhulelwa. Ukuba uwufutshane umhla obekiweyo kunokuba kokukhuselekileyo ukuba uhambise umntwana.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ujongwe kwaye ulawule uxinzelelo lwegazi de umntwana abe mdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba angabeleka. Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-34, uya kuthi unikwe amayeza ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kwemiphunga yosana.

I-Preeclampsia inokuqhubeka nokuhanjiswa kwangaphambili, nangona uninzi lweempawu zabasetyhini ziqala ukuncipha emva kokubeleka. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi amiselwe ixesha elifutshane emva kokubeleka.

I-diuretics inokumiselwa ukuba inyange i-edema yemiphunga (ulwelo emiphungeni). I-Magnesium sulfate enikwe ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuhanjiswa kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubanjwa. Umfazi obenempawu ze-preeclampsia ngaphambi kokubeleka uya kuqhubeka nokujongwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Ukuba unayo i-preeclampsia, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nemeko yokukhulelwa kwangomso. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela onokunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko.

Unobangela kunye nokuthintela

Ngaphandle kweminyaka yokufunda kwesayensi, oyena nobangela we-preeclampsia awaziwa, kwaye akukho luthintelo lusebenzayo. Unyango, nangona kunjalo, lwaziwa kumashumi eminyaka kwaye kukuhanjiswa kosana.

Iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-preeclampsia zinokuqhubeka nasemva kokubeleka, kodwa oku akuqhelekanga. Ukuchongwa kwangoku kunye nokuhanjiswa kweyona ndlela yokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu kumama nakumntwana.

Yintoni umsebenzi wokuqala?

Umsebenzi wokuqala kwangaphambi kokubeleka kwenzeka xa uqala ukuba neengxaki ezibangela utshintsho lomlomo wesibeleko ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe iiveki ezingama-37.

Abanye abasetyhini basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha, kubandakanya abo:

• ukhulelwe ukuphindaphindwa (amawele okanye nangaphezulu)
• unesifo sengxowa ye-amniotic (amnionitis)
• une-amniotic fluid engaphezulu (i-polyhydramnios)
• Ndibe nokuzalwa kwangaphambili

Iimpawu

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomsebenzi wokuqala zinokungacacanga. Umama okhulelweyo angabadlulisa njengenxalenye yokukhulelwa. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• urhudo
• ukuchama rhoqo
• iintlungu ezisezantsi
• ukuqina kwisisu esisezantsi
• ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi
• uxinzelelo lobufazi

Ewe kunjalo, abanye abantu basetyhini banokufumana iimpawu ezinzima zomsebenzi. Oku kubandakanya ukusika rhoqo, okubuhlungu, ukuphuma kolwelo kwilungu lobufazi, okanye ukopha kwilungu lobufazi.

Unyango

Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwexesha zisemngciphekweni weengxaki zempilo kuba imizimba yazo khange ibe nalo ixesha lokukhula ngokupheleleyo. Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kukuphuhliswa kwemiphunga kuba imiphunga ikhula kakuhle kwikota yesithathu. Umncinci umntwana xa ezalwa, kokukhona kunokwenzeka iingxaki ezininzi.

Oogqirha abayazi eyona nto ibangela ukuba basebenze ngaphambi kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane unonophelo ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza anjenge-magnesium sulphate anokunceda ekuyekiseni ukusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokulibaziseka ekuhanjisweni.

Yonke imihla ukukhulelwa kwakho ixesha elide kwandisa amathuba akho okuba nosana olusempilweni.

Oogqirha bahlala benika amayeza e-steroid koomama abanomsebenzi wokuqala ngaphambi kokuqala kweeveki ezingama-34. Oku kunceda imiphunga yomntwana wakho ikhule kwaye kunciphise ubungqongqo besifo semiphunga ukuba umsebenzi wakho awunakumiswa.

Amayeza e-Steroid anefuthe lawo kwiintsuku ezimbini, ke kungcono ukukhusela ukuhanjiswa okungenani iintsuku ezimbini, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Bonke abantu basetyhini abanabasebenzi abangavavanyelwanga ubukho be-streptococcus yeqela B kufuneka bafumane i-antibiotics (penicillin G, ampicillin, okanye enye indlela yabo bangadibaniyo neepenicillin) de kube kuziswa.

Ukuba umsebenzi wokuqala uqala emva kweeveki ezingama-36, umntwana uhlala ehanjiswa kuba umngcipheko wesifo semiphunga ukusuka kubunqambi uphantsi kakhulu.

Ukuqhekeka kwangaphambili kweembrane (PROM)

Ukuqhekeka kwenwebu yinto eqhelekileyo xa kuzalwa. Ligama lonyango elithi "amanzi aqhekekile" Kuthetha ukuba i-amniotic sac ejikeleze umntwana wakho yaphukile, ivumela i-amniotic fluid ukuba iphume.

Ngelixa kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ingxowa iphule ngexesha lomsebenzi, ukuba yenzeka kwangethuba, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuqhekeka kwangaphambili kweembumba (PROM).

Nangona imbangela ye-PROM ayisoloko icacile, ngamanye amaxesha usulelo lwee-membrane ze-amniotic ngunobangela kunye nezinye izinto, ezinje ngemfuza, ziya kudlala.

Unyango

Unyango lwe-PROM luyahluka. Abasetyhini bahlala belaliswa esibhedlele kwaye banikwa i-antibiotics, i-steroids, kunye neziyobisi ukuyeka abasebenzi (i-tocolytics).

Xa i-PROM isenzeka kwiiveki ezingama-34 okanye nangaphezulu, abanye oogqirha banokucebisa ukuhambisa usana. Ngelo xesha, umngcipheko wokungakhuli kuqala ungaphantsi kwengozi yosulelo. Ukuba kukho imiqondiso yosulelo, kufuneka kubanjelwe abasebenzi ukuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu.

Ngamaxesha athile, umntu obhinqileyo onamava e-PROM ukuphinda avelise inwebu. Kwezi meko zinqabileyo, umntu wasetyhini unokuqhubeka nokukhulelwa kwakhe ukuya kufutshane, nangona esephantsi koqwalaselo.

Umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nokungakhuli kuqala uyehla ngokubonakalayo njengoko ixesha lesibeleko lisondela. Ukuba i-PROM yenzeka kwi-32- ukuya kwi-34 yeeveki kwaye i-amniotic fluid esele ibonisa ukuba imiphunga yomntwana sele ikhule ngokwaneleyo, ugqirha unokuxoxa ngokuhambisa usana kwezinye iimeko.

Ngokuphuculwa kweenkonzo zononophelo lwabantwana, uninzi lweentsana ezizelwe kwikota yesithathu (emva kweeveki ezingama-28) ziqhuba kakuhle kakhulu.

Iingxaki nge-placenta (previa kunye nokuphazamiseka)

Ukopha kwitrimester yesithathu kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Izizathu ezinzulu kakhulu ziyi-placenta previa kunye nokuphazamiseka kweplacenta.

Placenta previa

I-placenta lilungu elondla umntwana wakho ngelixa ukhulelwe. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-placenta ihanjiswa emva kosana lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini abane-placenta previa bane-placenta eza kuqala kwaye ibhloka ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeleko.

Oogqirha abazi oyena nobangela wale meko. Abasetyhini abaye bafumana ukuhanjiswa kwe-cearean kwangaphambili okanye utyando lwe-uterine basemngciphekweni omkhulu. Abasetyhini abatshayayo okanye abane-placenta enkulu kuneyona eqhelekileyo basengozini enkulu.

I-Placenta previa yonyusa umngcipheko wokopha ngaphambi nangexesha lokuhanjiswa. Oku kungasongela ubomi.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-placenta previa lubomvu ngokuqaqambileyo, ngequbuliso, ngokungxama, nangokopha okungafunekiyo kwilungu lobufazi, okuhlala kwenzeka emva kweveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa. Oogqirha bahlala besebenzisa i-ultrasound ukufumanisa i-placenta previa.

Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni usana olungekazalwa lungekazalwa kunye nesixa sokopha. Ukuba ukubeleka akunakunqandeka, usana lusengxakini, okanye kukho ukopha okusongela ubomi, ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezileyo kokubonisa kubonisiwe nokuba umntwana ungakanani na.

Ukuba ukopha kuyayeka okanye akukho nzima kakhulu, ukuhanjiswa kunokuthintelwa rhoqo. Oku kuvumela ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukuba umntwana akhule ukuba umbungu usondele-kwikota. Ugqirha uhlala ecebisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-cearean.

Ngombulelo kukhathalelo lwanamhlanje lokubeleka, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound, kunye nokufumaneka kotofelo-gazi, ukuba kukho imfuneko, abasetyhini abane-placenta previa kunye neentsana zabo bahlala besebenza kakuhle.

Ukuphazamiseka kweplacental

Ukuphazamiseka kweplacental yimeko enqabileyo apho i-placenta yahlulahlula isibeleko ngaphambi kokusebenza. Kwenzeka kude kufike ixesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuphazamiseka kweplacental kungakhokelela ekuswelekeni kosana olungekazalwa kwaye kunokubangela ukopha kakhulu kunye nokothuka kumama.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kweplacific ibandakanya:

• iminyaka yobudala yoomama
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine
• isifo seswekile
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukukhulelwa kunye nokuphindaphinda
• Ukuqhekeka kwangaphambi kwexesha kweembumba
• ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili
• intambo emfutshane
• ukutshaya
• umothuko esiswini
• Ukukhulelwa kwesibeleko ngenxa ye-amniotic fluid engaphezulu

Ukuphazamiseka kweplacental akusoloko kubangela iimpawu. Kodwa abanye abantu basetyhini bafumana ukopha okunzima kwilungu lobufazi, iintlungu zesisu esibuhlungu, kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo. Abanye abantu basetyhini abanalo ukopha.

Ugqirha unokuvavanya iimpawu zomfazi kunye nentliziyo yomntwana ukuze achonge uxinzelelo olunokwenzeka kumntwana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezileyo kokubeleka kuyafuneka. Ukuba owasetyhini uphulukana negazi eligqithisileyo, unokufuna ukongezwa igazi.

Isithintelo sokukhula kwangaphakathi (IUGR)

Ngamaxesha athile usana alunakukhula njengoko kulindelwe kwinqanaba elithile lokukhulelwa komfazi. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba sisithintelo sokukhula kwangaphakathi (IUGR). Ayizizo zonke iintsana ezincinci ezine-IUGR-ngamanye amaxesha ubungakanani bazo bunokubangelwa bubungakanani obuncinci babazali.

IUGR kunokubangela macala okanye ukukhula ezilinganayo. Iintsana ezinokukhula ngokulinganayo zihlala zinentloko eqhelekileyo kunye nomzimba omncinci.

Izinto zoomama ezinokukhokelela kwi-IUGR zibandakanya:

• ianemia
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• I-placenta previa
• isithuba esibonakalayo
• seswekile kakhulu
• ukungondleki kakhulu

Imveku ene-IUGR isenokungakwazi ukunyamezela uxinzelelo lwabasebenzi kuneentsana ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo. IUGR iintsana nazo zihlala zinamafutha omzimba amancinci kunye nengxaki enkulu yokugcina ubushushu bomzimba kunye namanqanaba eglucose (iswekile yegazi) emva kokuzalwa.

Ukuba kukrokrelwa iingxaki zokukhula, ugqirha unokusebenzisa i-ultrasound ukulinganisa umbungu kunye nokubala ubunzima bomntwana obungekazalwa. Uqikelelo lunokuthelekiswa noluhlu lobunzima obuqhelekileyo kwiintsana zobudala obufanayo.

Ukuchonga ukuba ngaba umntwana ongekho mncinci kangako kubudala bokukhulelwa okanye ukuthintelwa kokukhula, uthotho lwee-ultrasounds lwenziwa ngaphezulu kwexesha ukurekhoda ukuzuza kobunzima okanye ukusilela kwako.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-ultrasound yokujonga ukuhamba kwegazi nako kunokumisela i-IUGR. I-Amniocentesis ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga iingxaki ze-chromosomal okanye usulelo. Ukubeka iliso kwipatheni yentliziyo yomntwana kunye nokulinganisa i-amniotic fluid kuqhelekile.

Ukuba umntwana uyeka ukukhula esibelekweni, ugqirha unokucebisa ngokungeniswa okanye ngokuhanjiswa okokoko. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lweentsana ezithintelwe ukukhula lukhula ngokwesiqhelo emva kokuzalwa. Zidla ngokufumana ukukhula kwiminyaka emibini ubudala.

Ukukhulelwa emva kwexesha

Phantse iipesenti ezisixhenxe zabasetyhini bahambisa kwiiveki ezingama-42 okanye kamva. Nakuphi na ukukhulelwa okuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezingama-42 kuthathwa njengasemva kwexesha okanye emva kwexesha. Unobangela wokukhulelwa emva kwexesha akucaci, nangona kurhanelwa izinto zehomoni kunye nelifa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umhla wokugqibela womfazi awubalwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Abanye abantu basetyhini banemijikelo engaqhelekanga okanye ende yokuya exesheni eyenza ukuba i-ovulation ibenzima ukuqikelela. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound inokukunceda ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuhlengahlengisa umhla omiselweyo.

Ukukhulelwa emva kwexesha akukona kuyingozi kwimpilo kamama. Inkxalabo yeyomntwana ongekazalwa. Iplacenta iyilungu elenzelwe ukusebenza malunga neeveki ezingama-40. Inika ioksijini kunye nesondlo kumntwana okhulayo.

Emva kweeveki ezingama-41 zokukhulelwa, i-placenta ayinakufane isebenze kakuhle, kwaye oku kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni i-amniotic fluid ejikeleze umbungu (oligohydramnios).

Le meko inokubangela uxinzelelo lomtya kunye nokunciphisa ukubonelelwa kweoksijini kwimveku engekazalwa. Oku kunokubonakaliswa kukubeka esweni kwentliziyo yomntwana kwimodeli ebizwa ngokuba kukuncipha kade. Kukho umngcipheko wokufa ngesiquphe kosana olungekazalwa xa ukukhulelwa kusemva kwexesha lokukhulelwa.

Nje ukuba umfazi afike kwiiveki ezingama-41 zokukhulelwa, uhlala enesimo sentliziyo yokujonga kunye nomlinganiso we-amniotic fluid. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa amanqanaba asezantsi olwelo okanye iipateni zenqanaba losana olungekazalwa, umsebenzi uyanyanzeliswa. Ngaphandle koko, ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo kulindelwe kude kungabikho ngaphezulu kweeveki ezingama-42 ukuya kwezingama-43, emva koko kunyanzelisiwe.

Isifo seMeconium aspiration

Omnye umngcipheko yi-meconium. IMeconium kukuhamba kwesisu esibelekweni. Kuqheleke ngakumbi xa ukukhulelwa kusemva kwexesha. Uninzi lweemveku ezinokuhamba kwamathumbu ngaphakathi kwesibeleko azinangxaki.

Nangona kunjalo, usana olungeluxinzelelo lunokungenisa i-meconium, lubangele uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-pneumonia kwaye, kunqabile, ukufa. Ngezi zizathu, oogqirha basebenzela ukucoca indlela yomoya yosana kangangoko ukuba i-amniotic fluid yomntwana ine-meconium-stained.

Imalpresentation (ibreech, transverse lie)

Njengomfazi esondela kwinyanga yesithoba ekhulelwe, umbungu uhlala kwindawo yokuhlala ezantsi ngaphakathi esibelekweni. Oku kwaziwa njenge-vertex okanye i-cephalic presentation.

Umbungu uya kuba sezantsi okanye iinyawo kuqala (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-breech expression) malunga neepesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 zokukhulelwa ngokusisigxina.

Ngamaxesha athile, umbungu uya kuba ulele ecaleni (intetho enqamlezileyo).

Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yomntwana yokuzalwa yintloko kuqala okanye kwintetho ye-vertex. Ukuba umbungu uphefumlelwe okanye unqamleza, eyona ndlela yokuthintela iingxaki ekuhambiseni nasekuthinteleni i-cesarean kukuzama ukuguqula (okanye ukunyanzelisa) umntwana ukuba abonise i-vertex (intloko ezantsi). Oku kwaziwa njengohlobo lwangaphandle lwe-cephalic. Ihlala izanywa kwiiveki ezingama-37 ukuya kwezingama-38, ukuba isichazi-magama siyaziwa.

Inguqulelo yangaphandle ye-cephalic ifana nokuthanjiswa okuqinileyo kwesisu kwaye akunakukhathazeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo, kodwa ezinye iingxaki ezinqabileyo zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka kweplacenta kunye noxinzelelo lomntwana, kufuna ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba umbungu uguqulwe ngempumelelo, umsebenzi olindelekileyo unokulindelwa okanye umsebenzi unokwenziwa. Ukuba ayiphumeleli, abanye oogqirha balinda iveki kwaye bazame kwakhona. Ukuba awuphumelelanga emva kokuzama kwakhona, wena nogqirha wakho niza kuthatha isigqibo malunga nolona hlobo lubalulekileyo lokuhambisa, ubufazi okanye ukuyeka.

Ukulinganiswa kwamathambo omsele wokuzalwa kukamama kunye ne-ultrasound yokuqikelela ubunzima bomntwana ngokufuthi kuye kufunyanwe kulungiselelwa ukuhanjiswa kwangaphantsi kwelungu lobufazi. Iintsana ezinqamlezileyo zihanjiswa ngoqhaqho.