Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeanemia kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• 1. Ii-anemias zeMacrocytic
• I-Megaloblastic anemia
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-anemia enobunzima
• 2. Ii-anemias zeMicrocytic
• Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia
• Thalassemia
• 3. Ii-anemias zeNormocytic
• I-anemia yeHemolytic
• Isifo seanemia
• I-aplastic anemia

I-Anemia sisifo esibonakala ngokuhla kwe-hemoglobin egazini, enokubangela izizathu ezininzi, ukusuka kutshintsho lwemfuza ukuya kukutya okungalunganga. Ukuchonga kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia, ugqirha uhlala eyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuvavanya isixa se-hemoglobin, ethathelwa ingqalelo njenge-anemia xa ixabiso lingaphantsi kwe-12 g / dL kwabasetyhini okanye i-13 g / dL emadodeni.

Emva koko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo, ezinjenge-hemoglobin electrophoresis, ukubala kwe-reticulocyte okanye uvavanyo lwestool, ukuchonga uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-anemia, kunye nokuqala unyango olufanelekileyo. Nokuba yeyiphi na i-anemia yomntu, kubalulekile ukuba kuqalwe ngonyango, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki ezikhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo okungalungisekiyo, ezinje ngesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye neengxaki zentliziyo, umzekelo.

Ngokwezibonakaliso ze-anemia kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi, i-anemia inokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezimbalwa eziphambili, ezizezi:

1. Ii-anemias zeMacrocytic

Ii-anemias zeMacrocytic zezo apho ii-erythrocyte zikhulu kunesiqhelo, zihlala zibonwa kuvavanyo lwe-VCM (Umndilili weCorpuscular Volume) ngaphezulu kwexabiso lesalathiso, eliphakathi kwe-80 kunye ne-100 fl. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-macrocytic anemias zezi:

I-Megaloblastic anemia

Luhlobo lwe-anemia olubonakaliswa ngobungakanani obungaqhelekanga beeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokwehla kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets, ezibangelwa kukutya okuncinci kwe-vitamin B12, exhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zakudala, kunokubakho iintlungu esiswini, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukudinwa kunye nezilonda zomlomo, umzekelo.

Unyango njaniUkwanda kokutya ukutya okune-vitamin B12, efana neoysters, isalmon kunye nesibindi steak okanye ukusebenzisa izongezo zevithamini B12, ezithengwe ekhemesti. Qonda ngcono indlela i-megaloblastic anemia iphathwa ngayo.

I-Fanconi anemia

Luhlobo lwe-anemia yemfuza ebonakaliswa bubungakanani obungaqhelekanga beeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokwehla kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets, ezibangelwa kukusilela kwe-vitamin B12. Iimpawu zibandakanya iintlungu esiswini, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukudinwa kunye nezilonda zomlomo, umzekelo.

Unyango njani: unyango luhlala luqala ngokusetyenziswa kwe-corticosteroids, kodwa kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza utofelo-gazi kunye nokufakwa komongo wethambo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Funda ngakumbi malunga neendidi zonyango.

I-anemia enobunzima

I-anemia ekhathazayo luhlobo lwe-megaloblastic anemia eyenzeka xa umntu engenisa ivithamini B12, kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyifumana, enokubangela ukonakala okukhulu kwemithambo-luvo ukuba akukho nyango lufanelekileyo.

Unyango njani: ngenxa yobunzima bokufunxa ivithamini B12, unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngenaliti ye vithamini ngqo emthanjeni unyaka wonke. Fumana indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga i-anemia eyingozi.

Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-anemia eyingozi kule vidiyo ilandelayo:

2. Ii-anemias zeMicrocytic

Ii-anemias zeMicrocytic zezo apho ii-erythrocyte zincinci kuneziqhelekileyo, ngokuhla kwe-CMV kunye ne-hemoglobin yoxinaniso kwii-erythrocytes. Ii-anemias eziphambili ze-microcytic zezi:

Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia

Enye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-anemia, ezibangelwa kukutya okuphantsi kokutya nge-iron, njengenyama ebomvu, iqanda okanye isipinashi. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwe-anemia lunokuvela emva kokuphuma kwegazi okanye ukuya exesheni okunzima, ngenxa yokulahleka kwesinyithi egazini.

Unyango njani: ihlala inyangwa ngokutya okunotye kukutya nge-iron kunye ne-iron supplementation. Kuphela kukwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu apho kufuneka kutofelwe igazi. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lokunqongophala kwe-anemia.

Thalassemia

I-Thalassemia luhlobo lwe-microcytic anemia ebangelwa lutshintsho kwimfuzo olukhokelela kwiziphene kwinkqubo ye-hemoglobin synthesis, enokubangela ukudinwa, ukuba nochuku, ukudodobala kokukhula, ukungabinamdla wokutya kunye nokwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, umzekelo.

I-Thalassemia inokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezithile ngokwetyathanga le-hemoglobin ebelikhubazekile, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba iimpawu ezivezwe ngumntu zingaphantsi okanye zibe mandundu. Funda indlela yokuchonga uhlobo ngalunye lwe-thalassemia.

Unyango njani: Kubalulekile ukuba uchonge ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-thalassemia ekufuneka unyango luqale kwaye kuthintele ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ukutya okwaneleyo kwenziwe ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuqinisekisa imvakalelo yempilo-ntle.

3. Ii-anemias zeNormocytic

Ii-anemias ze-Normocytic zezo zinobungakanani beeseli ezibomvu eziqhelekileyo, isiphumo se-VCM kunye ne-HCM sisondele kumda oqhelekileyo okanye sibonisa umahluko omncinci ngokunxulumene namaxabiso aqhelekileyo. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeanormocytic anemia zezi:

I-anemia yeHemolytic

Olu hlobo lwe-anemia luvelisa ii-antibodies ezitshabalalisa iiseli zegazi. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda kwaye ibangela iimpawu ezinje nge-pallor, isiyezi, amanqaku amfusa kulusu, ulusu olomileyo namehlo nabanye. Bona ezinye iimpawu zolu hlobo lwe-anemia.

Unyango njani: Ngethamsanqa, le anemia iyanyangeka kwaye inokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-corticosteroids okanye iziyobisi ezichasene nomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukuze kususwe inxenye yomphetho.

Isifo seanemia

Yi-anemia yemfuza ebangelwe kukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibangela iimpawu ezinjenge-jaundice, ukudumba ezandleni nasezinyaweni kunye nentlungu emzimbeni wonke.

Unyango njani: unyango lwenziwa ngamayeza okususa iimpawu zomntu ngamnye, kuba akukho lunyango lunokunyanga olu hlobo lwe-anemia.

I-aplastic anemia

Sisifo sokuzimela apho umongo wethambo ucothisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi, kubangela iimpawu ezinje ngemivumbo eluswini, ukugruzuka rhoqo kunye nokopha okuthatha ixesha elide ukuyeka.

Unyango njani: unyango lwayo lwenziwa ngokufakelwa komongo wethambo kunye notofelo-gazi, xa lunganyangwa kakuhle, kungakhokelela ekufeni kungaphantsi konyaka omnye.