Iindidi zokubulala iintlungu: ukusebenzisa nini kwaye yeyiphi imingcipheko

Umxholo

• 1. I-anesthesia ngokubanzi
• Ziziphi iingozi
• 2. I-anesthesia yendawo
• Ziziphi iingozi
• 3. I-anesthesia yengingqi
• I-anesthesia yomqolo
• I-anesthesia yesifo
• Ibhloko yentsimbi yomda
• I-anesthesia yommandla efakwa ngaphakathi
• Ziziphi iingozi
• 4. Ukuhlalisa isidumbu
• Ziziphi iingozi

I-Anesthesia sisicwangciso esisetyenzisiweyo ngenjongo yokuthintela iintlungu okanye nayiphi na imvakalelo ngexesha lotyando okanye inkqubo ebuhlungu ngokulawulwa kwamayeza nge-vein okanye nge-inhalation. I-Anesthesia ihlala yenziwe kwiinkqubo ezingenayo okanye ezinokubangela naluphi na uhlobo lokungonwabi okanye iintlungu kwisigulana, ezinje ngokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo, ukubeleka okanye iinkqubo zamazinyo, umzekelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintlungu, ezichaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuthintela imithambo-luvo, ukhetho lwayo oluya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwenkqubo yezonyango kunye nenqanaba lomntu kwezempilo. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha axelelwe nangaluphi na uhlobo lwesifo esinganyangekiyo okanye i-allergies ukuze olona hlobo lubalaseleyo lwe-anesthesia luboniswe ngaphandle komngcipheko. Jonga ukuba yintoni ukhathalelo ngaphambi kotyando.

1. I-anesthesia ngokubanzi

Ngexesha le-anesthesia ngokubanzi, amayeza e-anesthetic ayenziwa amthomalalisa umntu, ukuze utyando olwenziwe, njengotyando entliziyweni, emiphungeni okanye esiswini, alubangeli zintlungu.

Amachiza asetyenzisiweyo enza ukuba umntu angabikho zingqondweni kwaye abangele ukungakhathali kwintlungu, ukukhuthaza ukuphumla kwezihlunu kunye nokubangela i-amnesia, ukuze yonke into eyenzekayo ngexesha lotyando ilibaleke ngumguli.

I-anesthetic inokujojelwa emthanjeni, inefuthe elikhawulezileyo, okanye ifunxwe ngesigqumathelo segesi, ukufikelela kwigazi ngemiphunga. Ubungakanani besiphumo salo siyahluka, simiselwa ngugqirha we-anesthetist, ogqiba ngobungakanani beziyobisi ze-anesthetic eziza kwenziwa. Funda ngakumbi malunga neanesthesia ngokubanzi.

Amachiza asetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-anesthesia ngokubanzi zezi: i-benzodiazepines, i-narcotic, i-sedatives kunye ne-hypnotics, izidambisi zezihlunu kunye neegesi ezingenanto.

Ziziphi iingozi

Nangona i-anesthesia yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo, inokuba nemingcipheko ehambelana nayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile, ezinje ngohlobo lotyando kunye nemeko yonyango lomntu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphakileyo sisicaphucaphu, ukugabha, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokwaliwa ziyeza.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iingxaki ezinjengokuphefumla, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo okanye nokulandelelana kwemithambo-luvo kunokwenzeka kubantu abanempilo enkenenkene ngenxa yokungondleki, intliziyo, imiphunga okanye iingxaki zezintso, umzekelo.

Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, i-anesthesia inokuba nefuthe elincinci, njengokurhoxa ukuqonda kodwa ukuvumela umntu ukuba ahambe okanye umntu ongakwaziyo ukushukuma kodwa azive iziganeko ezibangqongileyo.

2. I-anesthesia yendawo

I-anesthesia yendawo ibandakanya indawo ethe ngqo yomzimba, ayichaphazeli ukuqonda kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kuqhaqho oluncinci olunje ngeenkqubo zamazinyo, iliso, impumlo okanye uqhaqho lomqala, okanye ngokudibana nezinye i-anesthesia, ezinje ngengingqi okanye isidambisi somzimba.

Olu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lunokuqhutywa ngeendlela ezimbini, ngokusebenzisa i-cream ye-anesthetic okanye ukutshiza kummandla omncinci wesikhumba okanye kwi-mucosa, okanye ngokujoba iyeza le-anesthetic kwizihlunu eziza kubulawa. I-Lidocaine yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokubulala iintlungu.

Ziziphi iingozi

I-anesthesia yendawo, xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ikhuselekile kwaye phantse ayinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, nangona kunjalo, kwiidosi eziphezulu kunokuba neziphumo ezinobungozi, ezichaphazela intliziyo kunye nokuphefumla okanye ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, kuba amathamo aphezulu anokufikelela kwigazi.

3. I-anesthesia yengingqi

I-anesthesia yommandla isetyenziswa xa kufuneka kwenziwe i-anesthetize kuphela indawo yomzimba, efana nengalo okanye umlenze, umzekelo, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-anesthesia yengingqi:

• I-anesthesia yomqolo

Kwi-spinal anesthesia, i-anesthetic yendawo ilawulwa ngenaliti entle, kulwelo oluhlamba intambo yomqolo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid. Kolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, i-anesthetic mixes kunye ne-spinal fluid kwaye inxibelelana nemithambo-luvo, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemvakalelo kumalungu asezantsi kunye nesisu esisezantsi.

• I-anesthesia yesifo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-epidural anesthesia, le nkqubo ithintela iintlungu kunye neemvakalelo ezivela kwingingqi enye yomzimba, ihlala isesinqeni.

Kolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, i-anesthetic yendawo ilawulwa nge-catheter ebekwe kwindawo ye-epidural ejikeleze umjelo womqolo, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemvakalelo kumalungu asezantsi nasesiswini. Bona ngakumbi malunga ne-anesthesia ye-epidural kunye nokuba yenzelwe ntoni.

• Ibhloko yentsimbi yomda

Kolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia yengingqi, i-anesthetic yendawo ilawulwa ijikeleze imithambo-luvo ejongene nobuntununtunu kunye nokuhamba kwelungu apho uqhaqho luzakwenziwa khona, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithambo-luvo zinokuqhutywa

Amaqela eemithambo-luvo, abizwa ngokuba yi-plexus okanye i-ganglion, ebangela iintlungu kwilungu elithile okanye kummandla womzimba, ayavalwa akhokelele kwi-anesthesia yeendawo zomzimba ezinje ngobuso, impumlo, inkalakahla, intamo, igxalaba, ingalo, phakathi kwabanye .

• I-anesthesia yommandla efakwa ngaphakathi

I-anesthesia efakwa ngaphakathi yinkqubo apho i-catheter ibekwa khona emthanjeni welungu, ukuze kulawulwe i-anesthetic yendawo, ngelixa ubeka i-tourniquet ngaphezulu kwendawo ukuze i-anesthesia ihlale ihleli. Ubuntununtunu buyabuyiselwa xa ukhenketho lususwe.

I-anesthesia yommandla iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezilula zotyando ezinje ngexesha lokuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo, kuqhaqho oluncinci olunje ngonyango lwabasetyhini okanye lonyango okanye kumathambo, umzekelo.

Fumana indlela i-anesthesia ephelisa ngayo iintlungu zokubeleka.

Ziziphi iingozi

Nangona kunqabile, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinjengokubila kakhulu, usulelo kwindawo yenaliti, inkqubo yetyhefu, iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nemiphunga, ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukonakala kwethambo, ukugqobhoza inwebu ekhusela intambo yomqolo, ebizwa ngokuba kukuhlala ixesha elide, kunokubakho. paraplegia.

Ukugqitywa kwexesha elide kunokubangela ukuba i-post-spinal anesthesia yentloko kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala okanye kwiintsuku ezingama-5 kamva. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umntu uziva intloko xa ehleli okanye emile kwaye oko kuphucula imizuzu embalwa emva kokubuyela ebhedini, enokuthi inxulunyaniswe nezinye iimpawu ezinje ngokuba isicaphucaphu, intamo elukhuni kunye nokunciphisa ukuva. Kwicandelo elifanelekileyo lamatyala, le ntloko iyanyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo kwiveki, kodwa kusenokufuneka ukuba uqalise ngonyango oluthile oluboniswe ngugqirha wokubulala iintlungu.

4. Ukuhlalisa isidumbu

I-sedation anesthesia ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokudibeneyo ne-anesthesia yommandla okanye yengingqi, ukuze wandise intuthuzelo yomntu.

Ukuhlala kunokuba mnene, apho umntu ekhululekile kodwa evukile, ekwazi ukuphendula imibuzo evela kugqirha, ukumodareyitha apho umntu aqhele ukulala ngexesha lenkqubo, kodwa unokuvuswa ngokulula xa ebuza umbuzo okanye nzulu apho umntu elele khona kuyo yonke le nkqubo, ndingakukhumbuli okwenzekileyo okoko kwenziwa i-anesthesia. Nokuba ithambile, imodareyitha okanye inzulu, olu hlobo lweanesthesia lukhatshwa kukongezwa kweoksijini.

Ziziphi iingozi

Nangona zinqabile, ukungahambelani komzimba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, utshintsho kwisingqi sentliziyo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukuphambana, ukubila kunye nosulelo kwindawo yenaliti.