Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga noMhlaza wolwimi

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Amanqanaba kunye namabakala
• Imifanekiso yomhlaza wolwimi
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Ngaba inokuthintelwa?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ushwankathelo

Umhlaza wolwimi luhlobo lomhlaza oqala kwiiseli zolwimi, kwaye unokubangela izilonda okanye amathumba kulwimi lwakho. Luhlobo lomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

Umhlaza wolwimi ungenzeka ngaphambili kulwimi, olubizwa ngokuba "ngumhlaza wolwimi lomlomo." Okanye inokwenzeka emazantsi olwimi, kufutshane nalapho incamathela emazantsi omlomo wakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "ngumhlaza we-oropharyngeal."

I-squamous cell carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolwimi. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lwenzeka:

• kumphezulu wolusu
• kumngxunya womlomo, impumlo, ingqula, idlala lengqula kunye nomqala
• Kwindawo yokugcina amaphecana okuphefumla nokwetyisa

Onke la malungu omzimba agqunywe ziiseli ezinje.

Amanqanaba kunye namabakala

Umhlaza wolwimi uhlelwa kusetyenziswa amanqanaba kunye namabanga. Inqanaba libonisa ukuba umhlaza sele usasazeke kangakanani. Isigaba ngasinye sinezigaba ezintathu ezinokubakho:

• I-T ibhekisa kubukhulu bethumba. Ithumba elincinci yi-T1 kwaye ithumba elikhulu yi-T4.
• I-N ibhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ezinentamo. I-N0 ithetha ukuba umhlaza awusasazeki, ngelixa i-N3 ithetha ukuba inwenwele kwii-lymph node ezininzi.
• M kubhekiswa nokuba akukho okanye ukungabikho kwemastastase (ukukhula okongeziweyo) kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inqanaba lomhlaza libhekisa kwindlela enobundlongondlongo ngayo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke. Umhlaza wolwimi unokuba:

• ephantsi (ekhula kancinci kwaye engenakulindeleka ukuba isasazeke)
• ngcathu
• ephezulu (enoburharha kwaye inokuthi isasaze)

Imifanekiso yomhlaza wolwimi

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Kumanqanaba okuqala omhlaza wolwimi, ngakumbi umhlaza kwisiseko solwimi, unokungaziboni iimpawu. Olona phawu luxhaphakileyo lokuqala komhlaza wolwimi sisilonda elulwimini lwakho esingapholiyo nesopha lula. Unokuphinda uqaphele umlomo okanye intlungu yolwimi.

Ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wolwimi zibandakanya:

• Isiziba esibomvu okanye esimhlophe kulwimi lwakho esiqhubekayo
• isilonda solwimi esiqhubekayo
• intlungu xa uginya
• ukuba ndindisholo ngomlomo
• umqala obuhlungu oqhubekayo
• ukopha kulwimi lwakho ngaphandle kwesizathu
• isigaxa kulwimi lwakho esiqhubekayo

Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Unobangela womhlaza wolwimi awaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neemeko zinokunyusa umngcipheko, kubandakanya:

• ukutshaya okanye ukutshaya icuba
• ukusela kakhulu
• ukuba wosulelwe yi-human papillomavirus (HPV), isifo esidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini
• ukuhlafuna ibetel, exhaphake ngokukodwa emazantsi nakumzantsi-mpuma weAsia
• Imbali yosapho yolwimi okanye omnye umhlaza womlomo
• Imbali yobuqu yomhlaza othile, efana nezinye iiseli zomhlaza zeseli
• ukutya okungafanelekanga (kukho ukutya okuncinci kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwandisa umngcipheko wazo zonke i-cancer zomlomo)
• ucoceko lomlomo olubi (ukucaphuka rhoqo kumazinyo adlakadlaka okanye amazinyo okufakelwa angalunganga kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolwimi)

Umhlaza wolwimi uxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda amadala kunabasetyhini okanye abantu abancinci. Iicancer zomlomo zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukufumanisa umhlaza wolwimi, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala athathe imbali yonyango. Baza kukubuza malunga nalo naluphina usapho okanye imbali yobuqu yomhlaza, nokuba uyatshaya okanye uyasela kwaye ungakanani, kwaye ukuba ukhe wavavanya ukuba unayo intsholongwane ye-HPV. Emva koko baya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba lomlomo wakho ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza, ezinjengezilonda ezingaphilanga. Baza kuphinda bahlolisise iindawo ezikufuphi zee-lymph, ukujonga ukudumba.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ubona nayiphi na imiqondiso yomhlaza wolwimi, baya kwenza i-biopsy yendawo yomhlaza okrokrelwayo. I-biopsy engabonakaliyo yindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-biopsy. Kule hlobo lwe-biopsy, ugqirha wakho uya kususa isiqwenga somhlaza okrokrelwayo. Oku kuhlala kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo kwiofisi kagqirha wakho.

Esikhundleni se-biopsy ye-incision, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uhlobo olutsha lwe-biopsy olubizwa ngokuba yi-brush biopsy. Kule biopsy, baya kuqengqa ibrashi encinci ngaphezulu kwendawo yomhlaza okrokrelwayo. Oku kubangela ukopha kancinci kwaye kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba aqokelele iiseli kuvavanyo.

Iiseli ezivela kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-biopsy ziya kuthunyelwa kwilebhu yohlalutyo. Ukuba unomdlavuza wolwimi, ugqirha wakho angenza i-CT scan okanye i-MRI ukuze abone ukuba inzulu kangakanani kwaye isasazeka kangakanani.

Inyangwa njani?

Unyango lomhlaza wolwimi luxhomekeke kubukhulu besisu kwaye umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Unokufuna unyango olunye kuphela okanye unokufuna indibaniselwano yonyango.

Umhlaza womlomo kwangoko ongakhange usasazeke unganyangwa ngomsebenzi omncinci ukususa indawo echaphazelekayo. Amathumba amakhulu ahlala efuna ukususwa ngotyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-glossectomy, apho kususwa khona ulwimi.

Ukuba oogqirha basusa isiqwenga solwimi lwakho, unokuphinda wenze utyando kwakhona. Kolu tyando, ugqirha wakho uyakuthatha isiqwenga sesikhumba okanye isicwili kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho kwaye asisebenzise ukwakha ulwimi kwakhona. Injongo yazo zombini i-glossectomy kunye nokuhlinzwa kwakhona kukususa umhlaza ngelixa wenzakalisa umlomo wakho kancinci.

I-Glossectomy inokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi, kubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, ophefumla ngayo, othetha ngayo, kunye nowokuginya. Unyango lwentetho lunokukunceda ufunde ukuziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho. Ukongeza, unyango lwentetho lunokukunceda ukumelana.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node zakho, ezo ziya kususwa ngotyando.

Ukuba unethumba elikhulu kulwimi lwakho okanye umhlaza usasazekile, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nokudityaniswa kotyando ukuze ususe ithumba kunye nemitha yokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zethumba ziyasuswa okanye zibulawe. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngomlomo owomileyo kunye notshintsho lwencasa.

Oogqirha banokucebisa ngekhemotherapy ukunyanga umhlaza wakho, ngokudibeneyo notyando kunye / okanye nemitha.

Ngaba inokuthintelwa?

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolwimi ngokuphepha izinto ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza wolwimi, kwaye nangokunakekela umlomo wakho. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• ungatshayi okanye uhlafune icuba
• ungaseli, okanye usele ngamaxesha athile kuphela
• sukuhlafuna ibetel
• fumana ikhosi epheleleyo yokugonya i-HPV
• yenza isondo elikhuselekileyo, ngakumbi isondo lomlomo
• zibandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno emininzi ekutyeni kwakho
• Qinisekisa ukuba uhlamba amazinyo akho yonke imihla kwaye uyifloss rhoqo
• Yiya kugqirha wamazinyo kube kanye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukuba kunokwenzeka

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Isantya seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda komhlaza wolwimi (othelekisa ukusinda kwabantu abanomhlaza kunye nenqanaba lokusinda elilindelekileyo kubantu abangenawo umhlaza) kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kude, isihlanu seminyaka sokusinda kwesihlobo ngama-36 epesenti. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke apha ekhaya (umzekelo, kwii-lymph node entanyeni), inqanaba lokusinda elihambelana neepesenti ezingama-63. Ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphaya kolwimi, isihlanu seminyaka sokusinda kwesihlobo ngama-78 epesenti.

Njengoko la manqanaba okusinda ebonisa, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono. Ngokuxilongwa kwangoko, unokunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke. Ukuba unesigaqa, isilonda, okanye isilonda elulwimini lwakho olungahambi emva kwexesha elide, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho. Ukuchongwa kwangoko komhlaza wolwimi kuvumela ezinye iindlela zokonyango, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, kunye nenqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu.