Unyango njani umhlaza wolusu

Umxholo

• 1. Umhlaza weMelanoma
• 2. Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga we-melanoma
• Iimpawu zokuphucula kunye nokuwohloka

Unyango lomhlaza wolusu kufuneka luboniswe yi-oncologist okanye i-dermatologist kwaye kufuneka luqaliswe ngokukhawuleza, ukwandisa amathuba onyango. Ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale usazi utshintsho kulusu, olunokubonisa ukubonakala komhlaza.

Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zesilonda, uhlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani kunye nemeko yomntu ngokubanzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokucetyiswa:

1. Umhlaza weMelanoma

Umhlaza wolusu wohlobo lwe-melanoma ubonakaliswa bubukho bendawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu emnyama esikhumbeni esikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye imilo yazo itshintshile. Ukunyanga olu hlobo lomhlaza onobungozi, phantse kuyafuneka ukuba wenze i-radiotherapy kunye ne-chemotherapy emva kotyando, njengoko olu hlobo lomhlaza lunezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwaye lunokuchaphazela amanye amalungu ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango lokuqala lwe-melanoma lwenziwa ngokususa uqhaqho olunomhlaza kwaye emva koko kwenziwe i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiotherapy, ngokutsho kwengcebiso kagqirha. Kwi-chemotherapy, amayeza asetyenziswa ngqo emthanjeni ukuze kupheliswe iiseli zomhlaza ezingakhange zisuswe ngexesha lotyando. Kwimeko ye-radiotherapy, ii-X-ray zisetyenziswa ngqo kulusu ukuphelisa iiseli zethumba ezisele.

Olunye unyango kunyango lomhlaza wolusu olunokubonakaliswa ngugqirha kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, anje ngeVemurafenib, Nivolumab okanye Ipilimumab, enceda ukomeleza amajoni omzimba ukuze ikwazi ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza ezingaphezulu.

I-Melanoma lolona hlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba kwaye, ke, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa unyango, ngakumbi xa ithumba lichongiwe kwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ichongiwe kumanqanaba okuqala, unyango lunokusebenza ngokukuko. Nokuba unyango alufezekiswanga, unyango lwanele ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunyusa ixesha lokuphila lezigulana.

2. Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga we-melanoma

Umhlaza wolusu wohlobo lwe-non-melanoma unokubonwa njengesilonda esincinci okanye iqhuma kulusu lombala obomvu, bomvu okanye obomvana, okhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze ikhowuni, kwaye unokuhamba kunye nokukhutshwa kwemfihlo kunye nokurhawuzelela. Olona hlobo lomhlaza wolusu luqhelekileyo kunye nolungaphantsi kwesifo se-melanoma ziiseli ze-basal kunye ne-squamous, ekulula ukuzinyanga.

Unyango lolu hlobo lomhlaza lwenziwe, amaxesha amaninzi, kuphela ngotyando, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntu ngokubanzi, inqanaba lokuchongwa komhlaza kunye nohlobo, ugqirha angabonisa:

• Utyando lwe-Mohs micrographic: isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa umhlaza wolusu ebusweni, njengoko yenziwa ukususa ulusu olucekeceke ukususa zonke iiseli zomhlaza. Ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba uphephe ukususa izicubu ezininzi ezisempilweni kunye nokushiya amanxeba anzulu kakhulu;
• Utyando lokususa ngokulula: lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo lotyando, apho zonke izilonda ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kunye nezinye izicwili ezisempilweni ezingqonge zisuswe;
• Unyango lwe-Electro: kususwe ithumba emva koko kusetyenziswe umbane omncinci ukunqanda ukopha nokuphelisa iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zahlala kulusu;
• Utyando: isetyenziselwa iimeko ze-carcinoma in situ, apho i-lesion ichazwe kakuhle, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ikhenkceze de kube zonke iiseli ezinobungozi zipheliswe.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko apho umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu, kusenokuba yimfuneko ukwenza unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha iiveki ezimbalwa ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza ezisele ezingakhange zisuswe kuqhaqho.

Iimpawu zokuphucula kunye nokuwohloka

Ukwehla kwezilonda nokungabikho kwamanxeba amatsha kubonisa ukuba unyango lwalusebenza, kungoko, luphawu lokuphuculwa komhlaza, luqheleke kakhulu kwiimeko apho umhlaza uchongiwe waphathwa khona kwinqanaba lokuqala. Yazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu.

Kwelinye icala, xa unyango lungaqalwa ngexesha okanye lukwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu, iimpawu zokuba mandundu zibonakala ngokulula, kunye nokwenzeka kolusu olutsha, iintlungu kwindawo yezilonda kunye nokudinwa kakhulu, umzekelo.