Unyango lomhlaza womlomo

Umxholo

• 1. lwenziwa njani utyando
• 2. lusebenza njani unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• 3. Xa kufuneka ichemotherapy
• 4. Nini ukufumana i-radiotherapy

Unyango lomhlaza emlonyeni lunokwenziwa ngotyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango ngemitha okanye unyango ekujolise kulo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekukho kuyo ithumba, ubungqongqo besifo nokuba umhlaza sele usasazekile nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Amathuba okunyanga olu hlobo lomhlaza angaphezulu kokukhawuleza kuqaliswa unyango. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi iimpawu ezinokubonisa umhlaza womlomo, onje:

• Ukudumba okanye ukubanda emlonyeni okungapholiyo;
• Amabala amhlophe okanye abomvu ngaphakathi emlonyeni;
• Ukuvela kweelwimi entanyeni.

Xa zivela, ugqirha wamazinyo okanye ugqirha jikelele kufuneka kuboniswane naye ukuchonga ingxaki enokubangela iimpawu kwaye aqale unyango ngokukhawuleza. Amatyala omhlaza emlonyeni axhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanembali yosapho yesi sifo, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba okanye isenzo esiphindaphindayo sesini esingakhuselekanga somlomo namaqabane aliqela.

Funda ezinye iimpawu kunye nendlela yokuchonga umhlaza womlomo.

1. lwenziwa njani utyando

Utyando lomhlaza womlomo lujolise ekususeni ithumba ukuze lingonyuki ngobukhulu, okanye lisasazeke kwamanye amalungu. Uninzi lwexesha, ithumba lincinci kwaye, ke ngoko, kufuneka kuphela ukususa isiqwenga seentsini, nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zotyando lokususa umhlaza, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yethumba:

• Glossectomy: kubandakanya ukususwa kwenxalenye okanye lonke ulwimi, xa umhlaza ukho kweli lungu;
• Mandibulectomy: kwenziwa ngokususa konke okanye inxenye yethambo lesilevu, elenziwa xa ithumba likhula kwithambo lomhlathi;
• Ubungakanani: xa umhlaza ukhula eluphahleni lomlomo, kufuneka ususe ithambo emhlathini;
• Laryngectomy: Kubandakanya ukususwa komqala xa umhlaza ukweli lungu okanye usasazekile apho.

Ngokubanzi, emva kotyando, kuyafuneka ukuba iphinde yakhe indawo echaphazelekayo ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi yayo kunye nobuhle, kusetyenziswa, ukwenza oku, izihlunu okanye amathambo avela kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ukuchacha emva kotyando kuyahluka kuye komnye umntu, kodwa kungathatha unyaka omnye.

Nangona kunqabile, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zotyando lomhlaza womlomo zibandakanya ubunzima bokuthetha, ukugwinya okanye ukuphefumla kunye notshintsho lwezithambiso ebusweni, kuxhomekeke kwiindawo esele zinyangiwe.

2. lusebenza njani unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenzisa amachiza ukunceda amajoni omzimba achonge ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza, zinempembelelo encinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni.

Iyeza elisetyenzisiweyo kunyango ekujoliswe kulo yiCetuximab, ethintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza kwaye ithintele ukuba zisasazeke emzimbeni. Eli yeza linokudityaniswa ne-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy, ukonyusa ithuba lokunyanga.

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango olujolise kumhlaza emlonyeni zinokuba ziimpawu ezichasayo, ukuphefumla nzima, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi, amabala, umkhuhlane okanye urhudo, umzekelo.

3. Xa kufuneka ichemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ihlala isetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-tumor, okanye emva koko, ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza zokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, inokusetyenziswa xa kukho i-metastases, ukuzama ukubasusa kunye nokwenza lula unyango ngezinye iindlela.

Olu hlobo lonyango lunokwenziwa ngokuthatha iipilisi, ekhaya, okanye ngamayeza abekwe ngqo emthanjeni, esibhedlele. La machiza, anje ngeCisplatin, 5-FU, Carboplatin okanye iDocetaxel, anomsebenzi wokuphelisa zonke iiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ke, ukongeza kumhlaza banokuhlasela iinwele kunye neeseli zenzipho, umzekelo.

Ke, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zechemotherapy zibandakanya:

• Ukulahleka kweenwele;
• Ukudumba komlomo;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha;
• Urhudo;
• Ukwanda kwezifo;
• Ubuntununtunu bemisipha kunye nentlungu.

Ubukhali beziphumo ebezingalindelekanga buxhomekeke kunyango olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nedosi, kodwa zihlala zinyamalala kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva konyango.

4. Nini ukufumana i-radiotherapy

I-Radiotherapy yomhlaza womlomo iyafana ne-chemotherapy, kodwa isebenzisa i-radiation ukutshabalalisa okanye ukunciphisa isantya sokukhula kwazo zonke iiseli emlonyeni, kwaye inokusetyenziswa yodwa okanye inxulunyaniswe ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango ekujolise kulo.

Unyango lwe-radiation kumhlaza womlomo okanye we-oropharyngeal luhlala lusetyenziswa ngaphandle, kusetyenziswa umatshini okhupha imitha ngomlomo, kwaye kufuneka wenziwe amaxesha ama-5 ngeveki kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngokuhlasela iiseli ezininzi emlonyeni, olu nyango lunokubangela ukutsha kwesikhumba apho kusetyenziswa khona imitha, ukubola, ukulahleka kwencasa, ukuba bomvu kunye nokucaphuka komqala okanye ukuvela kwezilonda emlonyeni, umzekelo.