Iphathwa njani i-Emphysema yePulmonary

Umxholo

• 1. Iibronchodilators
• 2. IiGlucocorticoids
• 3. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yemiphunga
• 4. Ioksijini
• 5. Ugonyo
• 6. Olunye ulungiso
• 7. Utyando
• 8. Yeka ukutshaya
• 9. Ukutya
• Iimpawu zokuphucula
• Iimpawu zokuba mandundu
• Ukhetho lonyango lwendalo

Unyango lwe-emphysema lwe-pulmonary lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza emihla ngemihla ukwandisa iindlela zomoya, ezinje ngebronchodilators kunye ne-inhalled corticosteroids, eboniswe ngugulmonologist.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwamkela imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni, ngakumbi ukunqanda ukutshaya, ukongeza kwimithambo yokuphefumla. .

I-pulmonary emphysema, yenye yeendlela zesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), sisifo sokuphefumla esinganyangekiyo, kwaye unyango lwaso kubalulekile ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesi sifo, ukongeza ekuphuculeni iimeko. iimeko zempilo kunye nokuzimela komntu ochaphazelekayo. Yazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu ze-pulmary emphysema.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa imaski yeoksijini, kangangeyure ezimbalwa okanye ngokuqhubekekayo, kunye notyando ukunciphisa ivolumu yemiphunga okanye ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kungabonakaliswa.

1. Iibronchodilators

Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anyibilikisa indlela yomoya lolona hlobo lonyango lonyango lwe-emphysema, oluqhele ukwenziwa ngumoya wokuphefumla. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-beta-2-agonists emfutshane esebenza njenge-Fenoterol, iSalbutamol kunye neTerbutaline: zisetyenziswa kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo, kwaye kufuneka siphefumlelwe xa kukho imfuneko okanye xa iimpawu ziya zisiba mbi;
• I-beta-2-agonists esebenza ixesha elide, enje ngeFomoterol: esetyenziswa kakhulu kwisigaba esiphakathi sesi sifo, apho iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide, zisetyenziswa mihla le;
• I-Anticholinergics, njenge-Ipratropium Bromide: ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-beta-2-agonists, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga;
• I-Methylxanthines, efana ne-Aminophylline kunye neTheophylline: inokuba yenye indlela kwiimeko ezinobuzaza kakhulu, ukuphucula amandla okuphefumla, nangona kunjalo, kuba ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi, ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukungcangcazela kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezileyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kunyango.

Amachiza okucima umlilo sele enokudityaniswa ngokudityaniswa kwebronchodilators okanye ngokudityaniswa necorticosteroids, ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa inani leedosi, njengakwimizekelo enje ngeSeretide okanye iAlenia, umzekelo.

2. IiGlucocorticoids

Unyango lweCorticoid lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwifom yokungenisa. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwala machiza, kunye ne-bronchodilators, kunokunciphisa ukwanda komsebenzi wamaphaphu kunye nomngcipheko weengxaki, kwaye kufuneka kuboniswe yi-pulmonologist.

Zihlala zisetyenziswa kabini ngemini, kwaye sele zinokudityaniswa kunye nebronchodilators kwichiza elifanayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlambe umlomo wakho emva kokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lomlomo, njenge-candidiasis yomlomo.

I-Corticosteroids kwithebhulethi ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo, njengoko ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunye nonyango lwezifo, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe kwimeko yokonyuka kwesi sifo sisosuleleko, kwaye inokuzisa izibonelelo zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

3. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yemiphunga

Yinkqubo yokwelapha i-physiotherapy ebandakanya ukuzivocavoca ukomeleza izihlunu zesifuba kunye nokuphucula amandla okuphefumla, njengokuzilolongela ukwanda kwemiphunga, ukolula kwezihlunu, ukuphefumla, ukwazi ngokuma kunye nokuphefumla ngokuchanekileyo, ukubonelela ngesakhono esingcono sokwenza imisebenzi umhla nezolo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nolu hlobo lonyango.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukwenza imithambo yomzimba, njengokuhamba ngongamela, emva kwengcebiso yezonyango, ukuphucula imeko yomzimba, ukwandisa amandla okuphefumla kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.

4. Ioksijini

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-catheter ye-oksijini yempumlo kuboniswa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho imiphunga ingasakwazi ukubonelela ngeoksijini yomzimba ngokwawo. Ziyaboniswa ngugqirha, kwaye zinokufuneka kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye imini yonke.

5. Ugonyo

Abantu abane-emphysema ye-pulmonary basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo lokuphefumla, ekufuneka luthintelwe, zombini kuba ziba qatha kwezi zigulana kwaye ngenxa yokuba zibangela ukuwohloka kwe-emphysema ngexesha leengxaki.

Ke ngoko, kubonisiwe ukuba abantu abane-COPD bafumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane rhoqo ngonyaka, kunye nxamnye nosulelo lwe-pneumococcal, ukuthintela iimeko zenyumoniya kunye nokusongela ubomi. Amayeza okugonya umkhuhlane nawo ayaboniswa rhoqo ngonyaka.

6. Olunye ulungiso

I-N-acetyl-cysteine ​​inokuboniswa kwiimeko ezininzi, ngenxa yeepropathi zayo zokunciphisa i-antioxidant kunye ne-mucus.

I-antibiotics inokufuneka xa kwenzeka ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula kubangelwa yi-bacteria, engaqhelekanga kwizigulane ezineCOPD.

7. Utyando

Nangona kunqabile ngakumbi, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukuze kususwe ezona ndawo zichaphazelekileyo zemiphunga, kuvumela imimandla esempilweni ukuba ikhule ngcono kwaye isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, olu tyando lwenziwa kwezinye kuphela iimeko ezinzulu kwaye apho umntu anokuyinyamezela le nkqubo.

Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kungakho kwimeko ezithile, njengoko kubonisiwe ngugqirha.

8. Yeka ukutshaya

Nangona ingelulo unyango ngokuchanekileyo, ukutshaya sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuphefumla kwemiphunga kwaye, ke, abantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga bangayeki ukusebenzisa icuba.

Nokuba umsi wecuba okanye ukutshaya komsi ophuma kwimizi-mveliso, ungcoliseko, ngumngcipheko kuphuhliso lwe-emphysema. Ke, iziyobisi ezinceda ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwecuba zingabandakanywa kunyango, enye yeenjongo eziphambili zonyango kukwenza umntu one-pulmary emphysema ayeke ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.

9. Ukutya

Ukutya nako kunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuphefumla, kuba ii-carbohydrate, amanqatha kunye neeproteni, xa zityiwe, zisebenzisa ioksijini kunye nokukhupha ikharbon diokside. Kwaye kuba abantu abane-pulmary emphysema banobunzima ngokutshintshiselana ngegesi emiphungeni, ukutya kunokunceda ekuqhubeni le nkqubo.

Esinye sezondlo esitya kakhulu ioksijini kwaye sikhuphe icarbon dioxide yicarhydrate. Ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abane-emphysema banciphise iicarbohydrate ekutyeni kwabo, ngakumbi iswekile elula, ekhoyo ekutyeni okunje ngeicookies, iilekese, iikeyiki kunye nezinye iilekese. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kukhethwe ukutya okunotye kwifibre kunye namafutha alungileyo, atya ioksijini encinci, efana neeavokhado, isalmon, ityhuna, isardadi okanye ioyile yomnquma.

Ngayiphi na imeko, kubalulekile ukubonisana nesondlo ukuze enze isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokutya okuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno. Kungenxa yokuba, abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla kwaye baphathwa nge-corticosteroids banokuthi nabo banciphise amanqanaba e-calcium kunye nevithamin D, enokuthi ithathe indawo yokutya.

Iimpawu zokuphucula

I-Emphysema ayinyangeki, ngenxa yoko iimpawu azihambi kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa sele kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukwehla phantse kuzo zonke iimpawu, ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukukhohlela.

Ukongeza, ngonyango, kunokuba nobunzima obuncinci ekwenzeni imisebenzi edinisayo kakhulu, njengokuthatha uhambo.

Iimpawu zokuba mandundu

Iimpawu zokuba mandundu ngakumbi zixhaphake kakhulu kwimeko apho unyango lungonelanga okanye xa isifo siqhubeka kwaye siba mandundu kakhulu, esixhaphake kakhulu kwiimeko apho ukuxilongwa kulibazisekile.

Le miqondiso ibandakanya ubunzima obugqithisileyo ekuphefumleni, iminwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuso obunombala omfusa kunye nokukhala kakhulu xa uphefumla. Kwezi meko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kwangoko esibhedlele ukuze uqale unyango olufanelekileyo kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje ngokubanjwa kwentliziyo.

Ukhetho lonyango lwendalo

Unyango lwe-emphysema lwe-pulmonary olunokwenziwa ekhaya, kukufunda umthambo we-physiotherapy obizwa ngokuba yi-lip balm kwaye uyenze kaninzi ngemini, njengendlela yokuncedisa unyango olukhokelwa ngugqirha, ungaze ubeke endaweni yalo. Ukwenza oku, thatha nje umoya ophefumlayo kwaye uphume umoya uphume ngomlomo wakho ngamazinyo ahlukane kwaye imilebe yakho yahlulwe ukuze ubashukumise ngomoya ophuma emlonyeni wakho.

Lo msebenzi ulula womeleza izihlunu zokuphefumla kwaye uncede ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umoya osuka kwimiphunga, uvumela ioksijini engaphezulu ukuba ingene ekuphefumlweni okulandelayo kwaye, kufanelekile, ukuba ikhokelwe ngugqirha womzimba.