Iindidi zethumba lobuchopho, unyango kunye nokulandelelana okunokwenzeka

Umxholo

• Iindidi eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Unyango ngamayeza
• 2. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• 3. Unyango ngemitha
• 4. Utyando
• 5. Unyango oluxhasayo
• I-sequelae enokwenzeka

Ithumba lobuchopho liphawulwa bubukho kunye nokukhula kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwingqondo okanye kwiminyango, ezizimbumba ezibeka ingqele kunye nentambo yomqolo. Olu hlobo lwethumba lunokuba nobungozi okanye lubi kwaye izizathu azichazwanga kakuhle, kodwa zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemfuza okanye ngenxa yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza esivela kwamanye amalungu omzimba, anje ngomhlaza wamabele, umzekelo.

Iimpawu zethumba lobuchopho zixhomekeka kwindawo ekuyo, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwethumba, kodwa zihlala zibangela intloko ebuhlungu, ukungaboni kakuhle, ukunqongophala kokulingana kunye nokuhlutha. Yazi ezinye iimpawu zethumba lobuchopho.

Ithumba lobuchopho kunqabile ukuba libangele i-metastasis, oko kukuthi, linwenwela kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kuba ngesiqhelo iiseli ezinobungozi zeli thumba zikhula kwaye zande kwingqondo uqobo. Uninzi lwezidumbu zobuchopho zilungile kwaye zinemida echazwe kakuhle, Oko kukuthi, ziyanyangeka kwaye zinokunyangwa ngoqhaqho. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yamathumba amabi, unyango lunokusekwa kwi-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation okanye unyango ekujolise kulo.

Iindidi eziphambili

Ithumba lobuchopho linokuhlelwa njengeprayimari, xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zivela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ngokwayo, okanye yesibini, eyenzeka xa iiseli zesisu ezingaqhelekanga kwingqondo zivela kwelinye ilungu elinomhlaza, njengomphunga, izintso, amathumbu okanye ibele. Ke, ezona ntlobo ziphambili zesisu sobuchopho ziphambili zezi:

• Meningioma: luphawulwa bubukho be-tumor kwi-meninges, eziyizinwe ezijikeleze kwaye zikhusela inkqubo ye-nervous central;
• IGlioblastoma: luhlobo lwethumba lobuchopho elichaphazela iiseli ze-glial, ezinoxanduva lokunceda imisebenzi ye-neurons;
• Astrocytoma: olu hlobo lwethumba lokuqala luchaphazela iiseli ezixhasa ii-neurons kwaye ubungqongqo buyahluka ngokobungakanani kunye neempawu zazo, kwaye zinokuba nobungozi okanye zibe mbi;
• IMedulloblastoma: lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho ebantwaneni, ichaphazela i-cerebellum kwaye ihlala ithande ukuphendula kakuhle kunyango;
• Indawo yokuhlala adenoma: luphawulwa kukubandakanyeka kwamadlala kwisiseko sobuchopho, iadenohypophysis, ebangela ifuthe kumzimba wonke.

Kukwakho neependymomas, eluhlobo lwethumba lobuchopho elivela kwiiseli ze-ependymal, ezijongene nokufakwa kwetyhubhu ye-neural, oko kukuthi, izicubu ezigubungela inkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwethumba lobuchopho luyahluka ngokobungakanani, uhlobo, isidanga sethumba kwaye kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba eli thumba sele linwenwele na kwezinye iinxalenye zenkqubo ye-nervous system, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango zingabonakaliswa ngugqirha oncologist, ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango oluquka ukusebenzisa amachiza ngqo emthanjeni, ngokusebenzisa ipayipi, ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa iiseli zethumba ezibangela ithumba lobuchopho. Amachiza asetyenziswa kakhulu kula matyala yi-carmustine kunye ne-temozolomide, enokusetyenziswa ngohlobo lweepilisi.

Olu hlobo lonyango, nangona kunjalo, lunokutshabalalisa iiseli ezisempilweni, ezibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngokuba isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukudinwa okanye urhudo, umzekelo. Bona ezinye iziphumo zechemotherapy.

Iidosi zala machiza e-chemotherapy kunye nenani leeseshoni ezibonisiweyo ziya kuboniswa yi-oncologist kwaye, ngokubanzi, usetyenziso lwenziwa kwisithuba seeseli ezisempilweni.

2. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujolise kulo luquka amachiza asebenza ngokuthe gca kwimfuza nakwiiproteni ezikwiiseli zengqondo zethumba, ethintela ukukhula kunye nokunceda ukutshabalalisa olu hlobo lwethumba. Ngale ndlela, kunye nokusebenza kwala machiza, amajoni omzimba ayomelezwa kwaye iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba nazo ziyalwa nethumba lobuchopho.

Kolu hlobo lonyango ekufuneka lusetyenzisiwe, kufuneka iimvavanyo ezithile kunye novavanyo lokuchonga ezi zofuzo kunye neeproteni ezivela kwiiseli zethumba, kwaye ayizizo zonke iintlobo zamathumba ezineziyobisi zolu hlobo kunyango. Iyeza le-bevacizumab ngumzekelo wonyango ekujoliswe kulo olusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezithile zamathumba obuchopho, idosi yayo iya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nobukhali be-tumor.

3. Unyango ngemitha

I-Radiotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ithumba lobuchopho ngokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwemitha ye-radiation ekhutshwa ngumatshini othile, obizwa ngokuba yi-accelerator emgceni, efanayo kumatshini owenza itomografi kunye nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wemagneti. Le miqadi yemitha isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo enethumba, ibulala iiseli zomhlaza, inceda ukunciphisa nokususa ithumba lobuchopho.

Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lwe-brachytherapy lungabonakaliswa, oluhlobo lwe-radiotherapy olwenziwe ngokufakelwa kwe-radioactive, eyaziswa kwingqondo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ikhupha imitha. Ixesha lonyango lihlukile kuhlobo ngalunye lwethumba kwaye i-radiotherapist yiyo ebonisa iiseshoni kunye nedosi yemitha. Yazi iintlobo kunye nokuba i-radiotherapy ibonakalisiwe.

4. Utyando

Utyando lunokuboniswa ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yethumba ebuchotsheni, njengoko ihlala iyinkqubo ethe-ethe, efuna ingqwalaselo enkulu kubagqirha, njengoko ingqondo lilungu elilungelelanisa uninzi lwezinto ezenziwa ngumzimba, ezinje ngentetho, umbono kunye iintshukumo.

Inkqubo yotyando nayo ingaboniswa njengenxalenye yoxilongo, ngokusebenzisa i-biopsy yengqondo, equka ukuthatha isampulu yethishu yobuchopho kuhlalutyo elebhu kwaye oku kubalulekile kuba inokunceda ugqirha wezonyango ukuba aqondise kwaye acebise olona nyango lufanelekileyo. . Kukho iradiosurgery, apho kusetyenziswa khona i-radiotherapy ngexesha lotyando lokususa ithumba ebuchotsheni.

5. Unyango oluxhasayo

Unyango oluxhasayo lusekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamayeza ukukhulula iimpawu ezibangelwa sisifo sobuchopho, ezinje, umzekelo, iziyobisi ze-corticosteroid ezinceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo, ukunciphisa intloko kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba umntu abe neziphumo zoku, njengokunyuka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.

Amayeza okulwa nokuthimba anokucetyiswa ukuthintela umntu onesifo sobuchopho ekubeni abambe. Ukongeza, amayeza e-analgesic okudambisa iintlungu kunye namayeza oxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kunokubonakaliswa, njengoko olu hlobo lwethumba luvelisa utshintsho lweemvakalelo.

I-sequelae enokwenzeka

Ithumba lobuchopho linokuchaphazela ukwakheka okubalulekileyo kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, enokubangela utshintsho kuxinzelelo, kwimemori, kwintetho, kumbono nakwintshukumo yomzimba.icala lomzimba lishiyekile ngaphandle kwentshukumo, umzekelo. Yazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zehemiplegia.

Ukongeza, unyango lwethumba lobuchopho, ngakumbi utyando, lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngokuthintela ukunyakaza komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kwakamsinya nje ukuba umntu afunyaniswe enolu hlobo lwethumba, kuchazwa iqela leengcali, elibizwa ngokuba liqela lezemfundo eliqela, eliya kuthi linyamekele iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje nge-physiotherapy, eya kuba noxanduva lokugcina iintshukumo, kunye Unyango oluthetha ngentetho.