Ithumba likaWilms: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Izinketho zonyango

Ithumba likaWilms, nelikwabizwa ngokuba yi-nephroblastoma, luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza ochaphazela abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 ubudala, oluqheleka kakhulu kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Olu hlobo lwethumba lubonakaliswa kukuzibandakanya kwezintso zombini okanye zombini kwaye kunokuqatshelwa ngokuvela kobunzima kwisisu.

Olu hlobo lwethumba luhlala lukhula ngaphandle kweempawu, lufunyaniswe xa sele lukwisigaba esiphambili. Ngaphandle kokufunyaniswa ukuba sele inkulu kakhulu, lukhona unyango kwaye izinga lokusinda liyahluka ngokwamanqanaba apho kwafunyanwa khona eli thumba, linethuba lokunyanga.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ithumba likaWilms linokukhula ngaphandle kweempawu, nangona kunjalo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona ubunzima obunokungabangeli zintlungu esiswini somntwana, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba abazali bamse kugqirha wabantwana baye kwenziwa.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yale meko zezi:

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ukudumba kwesisu;
• Ifiva;
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha;
• Ubukho begazi kumchamo;
• Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Guqula inqanaba lokuphefumla.

Isisu sikaWilms sihlala sichaphazela esinye sezintso, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ukubandakanyeka kokubini okanye ukuyekisa amanye amalungu omntwana, kuyenza mandundu imeko yeklinikhi kwaye kukhokelele kwiimpawu ezinzulu, njengokuphuma kwamehlo, ukutshintsha kwengqondo ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Izizathu zethumba likaWilms azichazwanga kakuhle, ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngaba kukho iimpembelelo zofuzo kunye nokuba imeko yezendalo ezinje ngokuvezwa kukamama yimichiza ngexesha lokukhulelwa zibangela olu hlobo lwethumba. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo ze-syndromes zinxulumene nokuvela kwesisu sikaWilms, njenge-Fraser syndrome, iPerlman syndrome, i-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome kunye ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Ezinye zezi syndromes zinxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwemfuza kunye notshintsho kwaye zinofuzo oluthile, olubizwa ngokuba yiWT1 kunye neWT2, kwaye oku kungakhokelela ekuveleni kwethumba likaWilms.

Ukongeza, abantwana abazelwe benengxaki yokuzalwa basemngciphekweni wokuba nolu hlobo lwethumba, njengabantwana abane-cryptorchidism, kulapho ityhalarha lingehli khona. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nokuba unyango lwe-cryptorchidism lwenziwa njani.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokuchukumisa isisu ukuze kuhlolwe ubunzima besisu, ngaphezu kokuvavanya iimpawu ezibonakaliswe ngumntwana. Ngokwesiqhelo ugqirha wabantwana ucela iimvavanyo zokucinga ngemifanekiso, ezinje nge-ultrasound, i-ultrasound, ikhompyuter ye-tomography kunye ne-imagination yamagnetic resonance, ukujonga ubukho besisu.

Nangona inokukhula ngokukhawuleza nangokuthe cwaka, ithumba lihlala lichongwa ngaphambi kokuba amanye amalungu abandakanyeke.

Izinketho zonyango

Ithumba likaWill liyanyangeka ngonyango olufanelekileyo, oluquka ukususwa kwezintso, kulandelwe unyango olongezelelekileyo, olwenziwa ngechemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha kufuneka ahlalutye amanye amalungu ukuze abone naluphi na olunye utshintsho kwaye ajonge imastastase, kulapho eli thumba lisasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Kwimeko yokonakala kwezintso zombini, ichemotherapy yenziwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kubekho ithuba lokuba enye yezintso isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungaka. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-chemotherapy kwaye yenziwa njani.