Uhlobo lwe-3 lweSwekile kunye ne-Alzheimer's's Disease: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Unxibelelwano phakathi kweswekile kunye ne-Alzheimer's
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko yohlobo lwesifo seswekile
• Iimpawu zohlobo lwesithathu lweswekile
• Ukuchongwa kohlobo lwe-3 yeswekile
• Unyango lohlobo 3 lweswekile
• Imbonakalo yohlobo lwesithathu lweswekile
• Ukuthintela uhlobo lwesifo seswekile

Yintoni uhlobo lwesifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile (esikwabizwa ngokuba yi-DM okanye isifo seswekile ngokufutshane) sibhekisa kwimeko yempilo apho umzimba wakho kunzima ukuguqula iswekile ibe ngamandla. Ngokwesiqhelo, sicinga ngeendlela ezintathu zeswekile:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile (i-T1DM) yimeko yezempilo engapheliyo apho umzimba wakho we-endocrine yinxalenye yepancreas ingavelisi ngokwaneleyo i-hormone insulin, kwaye inqanaba leswekile yegazi (glucose) yakho iba phezulu kakhulu.
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile (i-T2DM) sisimo esinganyangekiyo apho umzimba wakho ukhula unganyangeki kwi-insulin, kwaye inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho liphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yoko.
• Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa (GDM) yi-DM eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye inqanaba leswekile yegazi liphezulu kakhulu ngeli xesha.

Olunye uphononongo lucebise ukuba isifo i-Alzheimer's kufuneka kwakhona sihlelwe njengohlobo lwesifo seswekile, esibizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile sesi-3.

Olu “hlobo lwesifo seswekile” ligama ekucetyiswa ukuba lichaze uluvo lokuba isifo i-Alzheimer, esona sizathu siphambili sokudodobala kwengqondo, sibangelwa luhlobo lokunganyangeki kwe-insulin kunye nokukhula kokukhubazeka kwe-insulin okwenzeka ngokukodwa kwingqondo .

Le meko ikwasetyenziswe ngabanye ukuchaza abantu abane-2 yeswekile kwaye bafumanisa ukuba bane-Alzheimer's disease dementia. Ukwahlula-hlula kohlobo lweswekile yesithathu kuyimpikiswano enkulu, kwaye ayamkelwa ngokubanzi luluntu njengonyango lokuchonga.

Le meko ingentla "yohlobo lwe-3 yeswekile" imeko yonyango ayifanele idideke yohlobo lwesifo seswekile i-3c (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-T3cDM, i-pancreatogenic diabetes, kunye nohlobo lwe-3c seswekile).

Ipancreas ine-endocrine kunye ne-exocrine gland, kwaye banemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. I-insulin yenye yehomoni ethi iiseli ze-beta-islet kwii-Islets zaseLangerhans, ezizicwili zepancreas ze-endocrine, ezivelisayo kunye nezikhuselo.

Xa iipancreas ze-exocrine zigula kwaye zibangele isithuko sesibini kwi-endocrine pancreas ekhokelela ekugqibeleni kwi-DM, le yi-T3cDM. Izifo zepancreatic ze-Exocrine ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwi-T3cDM zibandakanya isifo njenge:

• pancreatitis ezingapheliyo
• icystic fibrosis
• umhlaza wepancreatic

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane oko sikwaziyo kunye nento esingayaziyo malunga "nohlobo 3 lweswekile." Kwaye nceda ugcine ukhumbule ukuba oku akufuneki kudideke ngohlobo lwe-3c seswekile.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kweswekile kunye ne-Alzheimer's

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, sele kukho unxibelelwano olusekiweyo phakathi kwe-Alzheimer's kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. Kucetyisiwe ukuba i-Alzheimer's inokubangelwa kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin kwingqondo yakho. Abanye abantu bathi i-Alzheimer's "sisifo seswekile kwingqondo yakho."

Eli bango linayo inzululwazi emva kwayo, kodwa yinto encinci yokugqithisa.

Ngexesha elingaphezulu, isifo seswekile esinganyangekiyo sinokubangela ukonakala kwimithambo yegazi, kubandakanya nemithambo esengqondweni. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abazi ukuba banayo le meko, enokuthi icothise ukuxilongwa kunye namanyathelo afanelekileyo onyango.

Ke ngoko, abo bane-2 yeswekile, ngakumbi isifo seswekile esingafunyaniswanga, banomngcipheko ophezulu kolu hlobo lomonakalo.

Isifo seswekile sinokubangela ukungalingani kwemichiza kwingqondo yakho, enokubangela i-Alzheimer's. Kwakhona, amanqanaba eswekile egazi akhokelela kukudumba, okunokonakalisa iiseli zengqondo.

Ngezi zizathu, isifo seswekile sithathwa njengomngcipheko kwimeko ekuthiwa sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo sisifo esizimeleyo esineempawu zaso, okanye inokuba sisilumkiso sento eza kukhula ibe kukuhlangana kwesifo se-Alzheimer's.

Inzululwazi yale nkqubo ayiqinisekanga. Okwangoku, into esekwe kukuba kukho iimeko zesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iindlela zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ezingenalo ikhonkco elibonisiweyo lokumelana ne-insulin.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko yohlobo lwesifo seswekile

Ngokophando luka-2016, abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokufikelela kwipesenti ezingama-60 zokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer okanye olunye uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, esifana nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo.

Oku kubandakanya ngaphezulu kwama-100,000 abantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kubonakalise ukuba abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 babenamathuba aphezulu okuphucula isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunamadoda.

Imiba yomngcipheko yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile ibandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yeswekile
• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• iimeko ezithile zempilo ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye ne-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS)

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesithathu lweswekile

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesithathu lweswekile zichazwa njengeempawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezinjengezo zibonwa sisifo sika-Alzheimer ekuqaleni.

Ngokwe-Alzheimer's Association, ezi zimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kwememori okuchaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo
• ubunzima bokugqibezela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo
• ukubeka izinto ngokufuthi rhoqo
• kunciphise amandla okwenza izigqibo ngokusekwe kulwazi
• utshintsho ngesiquphe kubuntu okanye isimilo

Ukuchongwa kohlobo lwe-3 yeswekile

Akukho luvavanyo luthile lwesifo seswekile sesi-3. Isifo se-Alzheimer sifunyanwa ngokusekwe:

• uviwo lwe-neurological
• imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurophysiological

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kubuza imibuzo eliqela malunga nembali yosapho kunye neempawu zakho.

Izifundo zokulinganisa, ezinje nge-MRI kunye ne-CT scans yentloko, zinokunika umboneleli wakho wezempilo umfanekiso ngendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho. Ukuvavanywa kweCerebrospinal fluid nako kunokujonga izalathi zeAlzheimer's.

Ukuba unempawu zohlobo lwesifo seswekile kunye ne-Alzheimer's kwaye awuzange ufumaneke nokuba unayo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuyalela uvavanyo lweeswekile egazini kunye novavanyo lwe-hemoglobin eglycated.

Ukuba unayo i-2 yeswekile, kubalulekile ukuba uqale unyango kuyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyanga uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kunokunciphisa umonakalo emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya nengqondo yakho, kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Alzheimer's okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Unyango lohlobo 3 lweswekile

Kukho iindlela zonyango ezahlukeneyo zabantu:

• uhlobo lwangaphambi kohlobo lwesibini lweswekile
• uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Alzheimer's

Ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo, njengokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla, kunokuba yinxalenye enkulu yonyango lwakho.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zonyango:

Ukuba uphila ngokutyeba kakhulu, zama ukuphulukana neepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 zomzimba wakho, ngokweKliniki yaseMayo. Oku kunokunceda ukuyeka ukonakala komzimba okubangelwa siswekile yegazi ephezulu kwaye kunokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-pre-DM2 ukuya kwi-DM2.

Ukutya okunamafutha amancinci kwaye kutyebile kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunokunceda ukuphucula iimpawu.

Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ukutshaya kuyacetyiswa kuba kunokukunceda ukulawula imeko yakho.

Ukuba unazo zombini uhlobo lweswekile kunye ne-Alzheimer's, unyango lwe-2 yeswekile yakho kubalulekile ukunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwengqondo.

I-Metformin kunye ne-insulin ziziyobisi ezichasene nesifo sikashukela ezinciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa komonakalo wesifo seswekile, ngokophando luka-2014.

Amayeza kagqirha ayafumaneka ukunyanga iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kodwa kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba zinempembelelo ebonakalayo kwiimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's.

I-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors efana ne-donepezil (Aricept), i-galantamine (i-Razadyne), okanye i-rivastigmine (i-Exelon) inokumiselwa ukuphucula indlela ezinxibelelana ngayo iiseli zomzimba wakho.

I-Memantine (i-Namenda), i-NMDA-receptor antagonist, inokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo se-Alzheimer's.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's kunye nezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezinje ngokutshintsha kwemood kunye nokudakumba, zinokunyangwa ngamachiza e-psychotropic. Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kunye neyeza ezichasayo ziyinxalenye yonyango kwezinye iimeko.

Abanye abantu banokufuna idosi elula yonyango lwe-antipsychotic kamva kwinkqubo yengqondo.

Imbonakalo yohlobo lwesithathu lweswekile

Uhlobo lwe-3 yeswekile yindlela yokuchaza i-Alzheimer's ebangelwa kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ke, indlela ojonga ngayo iya kwahluka ngokwamanqanaba aliqela, kubandakanya unyango lweswekile kunye nokuba qatha kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ukuba ungasinyanga isifo sakho seswekile ngokutya, umthambo, kunye namayeza, abaphandi abakhuthaza ukuxilongwa kohlobo lweswekile lwesithathu bacebisa ukuba unganakho ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sengqondo i-Alzheimer's okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo, kodwa ubungqina abuqinisekanga.

Umbono wakho uya kwahluka ngokujonga ukuba kungekudala iimpawu zakho zafunyanwa njani kwaye umboneleli wakho wezempilo ucinga ntoni malunga netyala lakho. Ngokukhawuleza unyango luqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba umbono wakho uya kuba ngcono.

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, umyinge wobude bexesha lokuphila lomntu one-Alzheimer ujikeleze iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-11 ukusukela kwixesha lokufunyanwa kwabo. Kodwa abanye abantu abane-Alzheimer's banokuphila kangangeminyaka engama-20 emva kokuxilongwa.

Ukuthintela uhlobo lwesifo seswekile

Ukuba sele unesifo seswekile sesi-2, zikhona iindlela onokuzilawula ngcono kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wokukhula kwesifo seswekile.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokulawula uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile kunye nokunciphisa ukonakala komzimba:

• Zama ukwenza umthambo amaxesha amane ngeveki imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Zama ukutya ukutya okusempilweni okunamafutha amaninzi, iprotein eninzi, kunye nefayibha ephezulu.
• Qaphela ngononophelo iswekile yegazi lakho ngokweengcebiso zomboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Thatha amayeza amiselweyo kwishedyuli kwaye rhoqo.
• Jonga amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho obusempilweni.