Ukwamkela iintlobo zokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nendlela yokuphendula

Umxholo

• Ukungahoywa
• Ukuphathwa gadalala
• Ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasengqondweni
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo
• Ungenza ntoni xa ukrokrela ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana
• Izinto zomngcipheko ezikhokelela ekuphathweni gadalala kwabantwana
• Ungabanceda njani abantwana abaphethwe gadalala
• Kwenzeka ntoni kubantwana abaphethwe gadalala?

Ukuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kuko nakuphi na ukuphathwa gadalala okanye ukungahoywa okubangela ukwenzakala kumntwana oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala okanye ngaphantsi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ngokweemvakalelo nangokwasemzimbeni, kunye nokungahoywa.

Impatho-mbi ibangelwa ngumntu omdala, ihlala inendima yoxanduva kubomi bomntwana.

Umntu onoxanduva lokuxhatshazwa unokuba ngumzali okanye ilungu losapho. Isenokuba ngumntu osebenza njengomkhathaleli okanye onegunya kubomi bomntwana, kubandakanya umqeqeshi, utitshala, okanye inkokeli yezenkolo.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) athi ubuncinci eUnited States bafumana uhlobo oluthile lokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungahoywa unyaka nonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, inani lingaphezulu kakhulu kuba ukuxhatshazwa kuhlala kungachazwa.

Kule nqaku, uya kufunda ngakumbi malunga neentlobo zokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kunye neempawu onokuzibona emntwaneni oxhatshazwayo. Uya kufunda kwakhona ukuba kutheni ukuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kusenzeka kwaye unokwenza ntoni ukukunceda.

Ukungahoywa

Ukungahoywa kwenzeka xa umntu omdala okanye umgcini osilelayo engafezekisi iimfuno ezisisiseko zomntwana ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Ezi mfuno zibandakanya:

• izindlu
• ukutya
• impahla
• imfundo
• unyango
• ukubeka iliso

Ukuqonda iimpawu zokungahoywa kunokuba nzima. Iintsapho ezinezinto ezinqongopheleyo zinokungakwazi ukubonelela ngezinto ezithile zononophelo ngelixa zingabatyesheli ngokwenene abantwana babo.

Imizekelo yokungahoywa ibandakanya:

• ukungamsi umntwana kugqirha okanye kugqirha wamazinyo xa kufuneka njalo
• ukushiya umntwana engahoywanga ekhaya ixesha elide
• ukuvumela umntwana ukuba enxibe ngokungafanelekanga ixesha lonyaka (umzekelo, akukho bhatyi ebusika)
• ukungazihlambi iimpahla, ulusu, okanye iinwele zomntwana
• ukungabinamali yezidingo ezisisiseko, njengokutya

Abantwana abangahoywanga banokushiyeka kwimeko apho kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane ezinye iintlobo zokuphathwa gadalala okanye ukwenzakala.

Ukuphathwa gadalala

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni kukusetyenziswa ngabom kwamandla enyama ukwenzakalisa umntwana. Imizekelo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni ibandakanya:

• ukungcangcazela, ukuphosa, okanye ukubetha umntwana
• ukujija, ukubetha ngempama, okanye ukukhubeka
• Ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba abaleke okanye enze imithambo njengesohlwayo
• ukutshisa okanye ukutshisa ulusu
• ukufuthanisela okanye ukuvimba umoya
• ityhefu
• Ukunyanzela umntwana kwimeko yoxinzelelo lomzimba okanye ukubabopha
• ukubamba ukulala, ukutya, okanye amayeza

Kwamanye amazwe nakwamanye amazwe, isohlwayo sokubetha sicingelwa ukuba sihlobo lokuxhaphaza abantwana ngokwasemzimbeni.

Abantwana abaphethwe gadalala bangabonisa le miqondiso ilandelayo:

• imikrwelo, ukutsha, okanye ukubola
• amathambo aphukileyo
• unxibe iimpahla ezingafanelekanga (umzekelo, imikhono emide ehlotyeni) ukufihla amanqaku okanye imivumbo
• ebonakala esoyika umntu othile
• Ukuqhankqalaza ngokubonakalayo ukuya kwindawo ethile
• ukubengezela xa uchukumisiwe
• Ukuthetha ngokwenzakala okanye ukudala inkcazo emnandi ngokwenzakala kwabo

Ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasengqondweni

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemphefumlweni, okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemphefumlweni, kunokuba kungabonakali, kodwa kunamandla.

Kwenzeka xa umntu esonakalisa ngenjongo ukuzixabisa okanye impilo-ntle yomntwana ngokudlulisela emntwaneni ukuba ngandlel 'ithile akonelanga, akaxabisekanga, okanye akathandwa.

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemphefumlweni kunokuba sisiphumo sokuxhatshazwa ngamazwi, okanye zizenzo zomzimba ezinokubangela oko.

Imizekelo yokuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo ibandakanya:

• ukunika abantwana "ukungathethi"
• ukuxelela abantwana ukuba "babi," "abalunganga," okanye "impazamo"
• uhlekisa ngomntwana
• ukukhwaza okanye ukungxola ukuze ubathulise
• ukungabavumeli ukuba baveze izimvo okanye izimvo zabo
• eyoyikisayo
• ukuxhatshazwa
• ukusebenzisa ukungcola ngokweemvakalelo
• ukuthintela ukunxibelelana ngokwasemzimbeni
• Amagama abambeleyo okuvuma kunye nothando

Gcina ukhumbula eminye yale mizekelo inokwenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha xa umntu ecaphuke kakhulu. Oko akuthethi ukuba kukuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo. Iba gadalala xa iphindaphindeka kwaye iqhubeka.

Abantwana abaphethwe gadalala ngokwasemoyeni bangabonisa le miqondiso ilandelayo:

• ukuba nexhala okanye uloyiko
• ukubonakala urhoxile okanye ukude ngokweemvakalelo
• ukubonisa ukungaziphathi kakuhle, njengokuthobela ubundlongondlongo
• bonisa isimilo esingafanelekanga ngokweminyaka, njengokuncancisa ubhontsi kwisikolo sokuqala okanye esiphakathi
• ukunqongophala kokuncamathisela umzali okanye umkhathaleli

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo sisenzo esinyanzela okanye sinyanzele umntwana ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwizenzo zesondo.

Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunokwenzeka nokuba umntwana akachukunyiswa. Izenzo ezibangela ukuvuswa kwesondo komnye umntu njengesiphumo sokuziphatha komntwana okanye isenzo sakhe sithathwa njengokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Imizekelo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ibandakanya:

• udlwengulo
• ukungena, kubandakanya isondo lomlomo
• ukungadibani nokunxibelelana ngokwesondo, njengokuchukumisa, ukwanga, ukurabha, okanye ukuphulula amaphambili
• ukuthetha iziqhulo ezingcolileyo okanye ezingafanelekanga okanye amabali
• ukunyanzela okanye ukumema umntwana ukuba akhulule
• ukubukela abanye besenza izenzo zesondo nabantwana okanye bacele umntwana ukuba abukele izenzo zesondo
• Ukubaneka okanye ukuziveza emntwaneni
• ukukhuthaza isimilo esingafanelekanga
• uqeqesha umntwana ukuba ahlangane ngesondo kwixa elizayo

Abantwana abaphethwe gadalala ngokwesondo banokubonisa le miqondiso ilandelayo:

• Ukubonisa ulwazi ngesondo ngaphaya kweminyaka yabo
• uthetha ngokuchukunyiswa ngomnye umntu
• Ukurhoxa kusapho okanye kubahlobo
• ebaleka
• Ukuphepha umntu othile
• uqhankqalaza usiya kwindawo ethile
• ukuba namaphupha amabi
• ukumanzisa ibhedi emva koqeqesho lwe potty
• unesifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo

Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunokuba nzima ukuzibona. Imivumbo, umzekelo, inokuba yimveliso yendalo yokudlala okanye yezemidlalo. Okwangoku, uninzi lwabantwana abaye baphathwa gadalala babonisa iimpawu ezithile ekwabelwana ngazo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukurhoxa, ukwenziwa, okanye ukuthobela ngendlela engaqhelekanga
• ukuqhankqalaza ukuya kwindawo ethile xa ezinye iindawo zingabakhathazi
• ukuxhathisa ukuba phakathi komntu othile
• bonisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kunye nolukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha

Ewe kunjalo, abantwana baneemvakalelo eziguqukayo njengabantu abadala abaninzi. Kubalulekile ukubukela ngokusondeleyo umntwana ezinye iimpawu okanye iimpawu zoxhatshazo.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuphathwa gadalala okanye ukungakhathalelwa, ungaya emntwaneni kwaye umnike inkxaso engenamiqathango kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuzolileyo. Oku kunokubanceda bazive bekhuselekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangathetha ngokwenzekayo.

Ungenza ntoni xa ukrokrela ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana

Unokuba mathidala ukubandakanyeka xa ucinga ukuba umntwana angaphathwa gadalala okanye angakhathalelwa. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kunzima ukulazi lonke ibali. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthetha phezulu kunokunceda abantwana bafumane ukhuseleko abaludingayo. Kuya kunceda abazali bafumane uncedo abaludingayo.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu omaziyo uxhaphaza umntwana wakhe, ungatsalela umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko, ezinje ngamapolisa. Kwindawo ezininzi zase-US, unokwenza ingxelo ngokungaziwa.

Ukuba awufuni ukubiza amapolisa, ungatsalela umnxeba:

• Inombolo yomnxeba osetyenziswayo kwi-Childhelp kaZwelonke yokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana e-800-4-A-CHILD (800-422-4453)
• Inombolo yeselfowuni yoBundlobongela baseKhaya ku-800-799-7233

Le minxeba iya kukuthumela kwizibonelelo zasekhaya, ezinje ngeenkonzo zokhuselo lwabantwana.

Izinto zomngcipheko ezikhokelela ekuphathweni gadalala kwabantwana

Izizathu zokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana zintsonkothile. Rhoqo kukunxibelelana kwemicimbi emininzi ebalulekileyo.

• udlama lasekhaya
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• ubunzima bezemali
• intswela ngqesho
• Imicimbi yezempilo yengqondo enganyangwa
• ukunqongophala kwezakhono zobuzali
• Imbali yobuqu yokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungahoywa
• uxinzelelo
• ukunqongophala kwenkxaso okanye izixhobo

Ukunceda umntwana okholelwa ukuba uyaxhatshazwa inokuba lithuba lokunceda abazali babo, nabo. Kungenxa yokuba ukuxhatshazwa kunokuba ngumjikelo.

Abantu abadala abahlangabezana nokuxhatshazwa besengumntwana kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba babonise indlela yokuziphatha gadalala ebantwaneni babo. Ukufumana uncedo kubo bobabini abazali kunye nomntwana kungayeka ukuxhatshazwa ukuba kungafikeleli kwesinye isizukulwana.

Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ungamhlukumeza umntwana wakho okanye usoyika, ungafumana uncedo kwezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Isango loLwazi lwezeNtlalontle yaBantwana
• Umnxeba osetyenziswayo kwi-Nationalhelp kaZwelonke wokuXhatshazwa kwabantwana

Le mibutho inokubonelela ngezixhobo zokukuxhasa zombini ngexesha elifutshane kwaye ngokuqhubekayo.

Ungabanceda njani abantwana abaphethwe gadalala

Olona nyango lulungileyo kubantwana abaxhatshaziweyo yindawo ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo nenonophelayo apho banokuphumelela kwaye baphilise. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke oko, abantwana bafuna uncedo ekufezekiseni la manyathelo okuqala:

• Ukujongana neemfuno zomzimba. Ukuba umntwana uye waxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, kungafuneka baye kwagqirha okanye esibhedlele. Uncedo lwezonyango lunokujongana nawaphi na amathambo aphukileyo, ukutsha, okanye ukonzakala. Ukuba umntwana ulixhoba lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, banokufuna uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo.
• Fumana ukhuseleko. Ukuba umntwana akhuselekanga ekhayeni lakhe, iinkonzo zokhuselo lwabantwana zinokubasusa okwethutyana. Ngeli xesha, abazali banokusebenzisana nomcebisi ukulungisa imiba okanye izinto ezikhokelela ekuphathweni gadalala. Abantwana banokundwendwela iingcali zempilo yengqondo.
• Funa unyango lwempilo yengqondo. Abantwana abaphethwe gadalala okanye abangahoywanga banokufuna unyango. Iziphumo zokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungahoywa zinokuhlala ixesha elide, kodwa unyango lunokunceda abantwana baveze iimvakalelo zabo kwaye bafunde ukulawula nokujongana neziphumo. Oku kunokubathintela ekuboniseni isimilo esihlukumezayo ebantwini ebomini babo.

Kwenzeka ntoni kubantwana abaphethwe gadalala?

Ukuphathwa gadalala kunye nokungahoywa kunokubangela iziphumo ezingapheliyo kuphuhliso lomntwana ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasemzimbeni.

Abantwana abaphethwe gadalala okanye abangahoywanga banokufumana iingxaki zempilo yeemvakalelo, ukuxhatshazwa kwixesha elizayo, ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha, kunye nokwehla kokukhula kwengqondo, phakathi kweminye imiba.

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba abantwana abanamava okuphathwa gadalala okanye ukungahoywa bafumane unyango olukhawulezileyo noluthe gqolo. Oku kunokubanceda ukuba baphinde babuye kwixesha elifutshane kwaye bajongane nazo naziphi na iimpembelelo ezingapheliyo ezinokuba nokuziphatha kwimpilo yabo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukufumana i-Therapist yindawo elungileyo onokuqala kuyo. Nantsi indlela yokufikelela kunyango kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lonke.