Usulelo lweTeknoloji yeUrinary kuBantwana

Umxholo

• Oonobangela be-UTI ebantwaneni
• Imiba yomngcipheko we-UTI ebantwaneni
• Iimpawu ze-UTI ebantwaneni
• Iingxaki ze-UTI ebantwaneni
• Ukuchongwa kwe-UTI ebantwaneni
• Iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo
• Unyango lwe-UTI ebantwaneni
• Ukunyamekelwa Ekhaya
  
• Umbono wexesha elide wabantwana abane-UTI
• Ungayikhusela njani i-UTI ebantwaneni
• Uthintelo lwe-UTI
  

Ushwankathelo losulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTI) ebantwaneni

Usulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTI) kubantwana yimeko eqhelekileyo. Iibhaktheriya ezingena kwi-urethra zihlala zikhutshwa ngaphandle ngokuchama. Nangona kunjalo, xa iibhaktheriya zingagxothwanga ngaphandle kwe-urethra, zinokukhula ngaphakathi kwendlela yokuchama. Oku kubangela usulelo.

Umchamo unamalungu omzimba abandakanyeka kwimveliso yomchamo. Bazi:

• izintso ezimbini ezihluza igazi lakho kunye namanzi ongezelelweyo ukuvelisa umchamo
• ii-ureters ezimbini, okanye iityhubhu, ezisa umchamo kwisinyi sakho kwizintso zakho
• isinyi egcina umchamo wakho de ube ususwe emzimbeni wakho
• i-urethra, okanye ityhubhu, ekhupha umchamo kwisinyi sakho ukuya ngaphandle komzimba wakho

Umntwana wakho unokukhulisa i-UTI xa iibhaktheriya zingena kumchamo kwaye zihamba phezulu kwi-urethra nasemzimbeni. Ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-UTIs ezinokuthi zichaphazele abantwana zizifo zosulelo kunye nosulelo lwezintso.

Xa i-UTI ichaphazela isinyi, ibizwa ngokuba yi-cystitis. Xa usulelo luhamba ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya kwizintso, lubizwa ngokuba yi-pyelonephritis. Zombini zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa usulelo lwezintso lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo ukuba luyekwanga lunganyangwa.

Oonobangela be-UTI ebantwaneni

Ii-UTIs zihlala zibangelwa ziibhaktheriya, ezinokuthi zingene kumchamo ukusuka kulusu olujikeleze i-anus okanye ubufazi. Unobangela oqhelekileyo we-UTIs ngu-E. Coli, ovela emathunjini. Uninzi lwe-UTIs lubangelwa xa olu hlobo lwebacteria okanye ezinye iibacteria zisasazeka ukusuka kwi-anus ukuya kwi-urethra.

Imiba yomngcipheko we-UTI ebantwaneni

Ii-UTIs zenzeka rhoqo kumantombazana, ngakumbi xa uqeqesho lwangasese luqala. Amantombazana achaphazeleka lula ngenxa yokuba ii-urethras zawo zimfutshane kwaye zikufutshane ne-anus. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba iibhaktheriya zingene kwi-urethra. Amakhwenkwe angolukanga angaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala nawo anobungozi obuncinci be-UTIs.

I-urethra ayiqhelekanga ibhaktiriya. Kodwa iimeko ezithile zingenza kube lula ukuba iibhaktheriya zingene okanye zihlale kwindawo yomchamo womntwana wakho. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubeka umntwana wakho emngciphekweni omkhulu we-UTI:

• ubume bokukhubazeka okanye ukuvaleka kwelinye lamalungu ephepha lokuchama
• umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga womchamo
• i-vesicoureteral reflux, isiphene sokuzalwa esikhokelela ekuhambeni okungachazwanga okubuyela umva komchamo
• ukusetyenziswa kwamaqamza kwiibhafu (zamantombazana)
• iimpahla ezixineneyo (zamantombazana)
• ukosula ukusuka ngasemva ukuya phambili emva kokuhamba kwamathumbu
• izindlu zangasese ezingcolileyo kunye nemikhwa yezempilo
• ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukulibazisa ukuchama ixesha elide

Iimpawu ze-UTI ebantwaneni

Iimpawu ze-UTI zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba losulelo kunye nobudala bomntwana wakho. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci kakhulu abanakufumana zimpawu. Xa zisenzeka kubantwana abancinci, iimpawu zinokubakho ngokubanzi. Banokubandakanya:

• ifiva
• ukungathandi ukutya
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• ukucaphuka
• Uvakalelo jikelele lokugula

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yomchamo osulelekileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sesinyi, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• igazi kumchamo
• umchamo onamafu
• umchamo onuka kakubi
• iintlungu, ukuhlaba okanye ukutshisa ngokuchama
• uxinzelelo okanye iintlungu kwi-pelvis esezantsi okanye ngasemva ongezantsi, ngaphantsi kwenkaba
• ukuchama rhoqo
• ukuvuka ebuthongweni ukuyokuchama
• ukuziva isidingo sokuchama ngokuvelisa umchamo omncinci
• iingozi zomchamo emva kweminyaka yobudala boqeqesho lwangasese

Ukuba usulelo luye lwezintso, imeko iba mandundu ngakumbi. Umntwana wakho unokufumana iimpawu ezinzulu, njenge:

• ukucaphuka
• Ukugodola kungcangcazela
• umkhuhlane ophezulu
• ulusu olugudlileyo okanye olushushu
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• icala okanye iintlungu zomqolo
• iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• ukudinwa kakhulu

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-UTI ebantwaneni zinokujongwa ngokulula. Abantwana abancinci banokuba nexesha elinzima lokuchaza unobangela woxinzelelo lwabo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala egula kwaye enefiva ephezulu ngaphandle kwempumlo, indlebe, okanye ezinye izizathu ezicacileyo zokugula, nxibelelana nogqirha wakhe ukuze abone ukuba umntwana wakho une-UTI.

Iingxaki ze-UTI ebantwaneni

Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyangwa kwe-UTI emntwaneni wakho kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu, zexesha elide. Ukunganyangwa, i-UTI inokubangela usulelo lwezintso olunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinobuzaza, ezinje:

• ithumba
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezintso okanye ukusilela kwezintso
• hydronephrosis, okanye ukudumba kwezintso
• i-sepsis, enokubangela ukusilela komzimba kunye nokufa

Ukuchongwa kwe-UTI ebantwaneni

Nxibelelana nogqirha wabo ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezinxulumene ne-UTI. Isampulu yomchamo iyafuneka kugqirha wabo ukuze enze uxilongo oluchanekileyo. Isampulu inokusetyenziselwa:

• Uhlalutyo lomchamo. Umchamo uvavanywa ngomtya wovavanyo okhethekileyo ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo ezifana negazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ukongeza, imicroscope inokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isampulu yebhaktiriya okanye ubofu.
• Inkcubeko yomchamo. Olu vavanyo lwelebhu luhlala luthatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48. Isampulu iyahlaziywa ukuze ichonge uhlobo lweebhaktiriya ezibangela i-UTI, ukuba ingakanani na, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lonyango.

Ukuqokelela isampulu yomchamo ococekileyo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubantwana abangaqeqeshwanga kwindlu yangasese. Isampulu enokusetyenziswa ayinakufunyanwa kwi-diaper emanzi. Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokusebenzisa enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo ukufumana isampulu yomchamo womntwana wakho:

• Ingxowa yokuqokelela umchamo. Ingxowa yeplastiki icinyiwe ngaphezulu kwamalungu esini omntwana wakho ukuze aqokelele umchamo.
• Ukuqokelelwa komchamo okwenziwe ngomlomo. I-catheter ifakwa kwincam yelungu lobudoda lenkwenkwe okanye kwi-urethra yamantombazana nakwisinyi ukuqokelela umchamo. Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo.

Iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zokuqonda ukuba ngaba umthombo we-UTI ubangelwa ngumchamo ongaqhelekanga. Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sezintso, iimvavanyo zingafuneka ukuba zikhangele umonakalo wezintso. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokusetyenziswa:

• izintso kunye ne-ultrasound bladder
• ukuvala icystourethrogram (VCUG)
• Ukuskena amayeza enyukliya (DMSA)
• I-CT scan okanye iMRI yezintso kunye nesinyi

I-VCUG yiX-reyi ethathwa ngelixa isinyi somntwana wakho sigcwele. Ugqirha uya kufaka idayi eyahlukileyo kwi-bladder kwaye emva koko umntwana wakho achame-ngesiqhelo nge-catheter -ukujonga ukuba umchamo uphuma njani emzimbeni. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni nakuphi na ukungaqheleki kolwakhiwo olunokubangela i-UTI, nokuba ngaba kwenzeka i-vesicoureteral reflux.

I-DMSA luvavanyo lwenyukliya apho kuthathwa khona imifanekiso yezintso emva kwenaliti yegazi (IV) yento enemitha yeathom ebizwa ngokuba yisotopope.

Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngelixa umntwana wakho esosulelekile. Rhoqo, zenziwa iiveki okanye iinyanga emva konyango ukumisela ukuba akukho monakalo kusulelo.

Unyango lwe-UTI ebantwaneni

I-UTI yomntwana wakho iya kufuna unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-antibiotic ukukhusela umonakalo wezintso. Uhlobo lweebhaktiriya olubangela i-UTI yomntwana wakho kunye nobukrakra bosulelo lomntwana wakho kuya kumisela uhlobo lwe-antibiotic esetyenzisiweyo kunye nobude bonyango.

I-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-UTIs kubantwana zi:

• ifumobillin
• amoxicillin kunye clavulanic acid
• cephalosporins
• doxycycline, kodwa kuphela kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-8
• initrofurantoin
• isulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-UTI efunyaniswe njengosuleleko lwesinyi olulula, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unyango luya kuba namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ukosuleleka okuqatha kunokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye ne-IV fluids okanye ii-antibiotics.

Ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunokuba yimfuneko kwimeko apho umntwana wakho:

• mncinci kuneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala
• unomkhuhlane ophezulu ongaphuculiyo
• kusenokwenzeka ukuba unesifo sezintso, ngakumbi ukuba umntwana ugula kakhulu okanye umncinci
• unesifo segazi kwiibhaktheriya, njenge-sepsis
• uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, ugabha, okanye akakwazi ukuthatha amayeza ngomlomo ngaso nasiphi na esinye isizathu

Amayeza eentlungu ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki ngexesha lokuchama nawo unokumiselwa.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana unyango lwe-antibiotic ekhaya, unokukunceda ukuqinisekisa umphumo omuhle ngokuthatha amanyathelo athile.

Ukunyamekelwa Ekhaya

1. Nika umntwana wakho amayeza amiselweyo okoko ugqirha ekucebisa, nokuba baqala ukuziva besempilweni.
2. Thatha ubushushu bomntwana wakho ukuba ubonakala enefiva.
3. Gcina esweni ukunyuka komchamo womntwana wakho.
4. Buza umntwana wakho malunga nobukho beentlungu okanye ukutshisa ngexesha lokuchama.
5. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho usela iziselo ezininzi.

Ngexesha lonyango lomntwana wakho, nxibelelana nogqirha wakhe ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mbi okanye ziyaqhubeka ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba umntwana wakho une:

• ifiva ephezulu kune-101˚F (38.3˚C)
• kwiintsana, ifiva entsha okanye eqhubekayo (ehlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu) ifiva ephezulu kune-100.4˚F (38˚C)

Kuya kufuneka ufune neengcebiso kwezonyango ukuba umntwana wakho uvelisa iimpawu ezintsha, kubandakanya:

• intlungu
• ukugabha
• irhashalala
• ukudumba
• utshintsho kwimveliso yomchamo

Umbono wexesha elide wabantwana abane-UTI

Ngokuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango, unokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho achache ngokupheleleyo kwi-UTI. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banokufuna unyango ixesha elisusela kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.

Unyango lwe-antibiotic yexesha elide kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana isifo se-vesicoureteral reflex, okanye i-VUR. Esi siphene sokuzalwa sikhokelela ekuhambeni okungaqhelekanga komchamo ukusuka kwisinyi phezulu phezulu, uhambisa umchamo kwizintso endaweni ye-urethra. Esi sifo kufuneka sikrokrelwe kubantwana abancinci abane-UTIs ephindaphindiweyo okanye naluphi na usana olune-UTI engaphezulu kwesinye ngomkhuhlane.

Abantwana abane-VUR banomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo lwezintso ngenxa ye-VUR. Yenza umngcipheko owandayo womonakalo wezintso kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukusilela kwezintso. Ugqirha lukhetho olusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana abane-VUR ephakathi okanye emodareyithayo bayayishiya imeko. Nangona kunjalo, ukonzakala kwezintso okanye ukusilela kwezintso kunokubakho ebudaleni.

Ungayikhusela njani i-UTI ebantwaneni

Unokukunceda ukunciphisa ukubakho komntwana wakho ekuphuhliseni i-UTI ngeendlela ezithile eziqinisekisiweyo.

Uthintelo lwe-UTI

1. Musa ukunika abantwana ababhinqileyo iibhafu zebhafu. Banokuvumela iibhaktheriya kunye nesepha ukungena kwi-urethra.
2. Kulumkele ukunxiba impahla yokunxiba kunye nempahla yangaphantsi yomntwana wakho, ngakumbi amantombazana.
3. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho usela iziselo ezifanelekileyo.
4. Gwema ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba abe ne-caffeine, enokubangela ukucaphuka kwesinyi.
5. Guqula amanabukeni rhoqo kubantwana abancinci.
6. Fundisa abantwana abadala ucoceko olufanelekileyo ukugcina indawo yesini ecocekileyo.
7. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba asebenzise indlu yangasese rhoqo kunokuba abambe umchamo.
8. Fundisa umntwana wakho iindlela zokusula ezikhuselekileyo, ngakumbi emva kokuhamba kwamathumbu. Ukusula ukusuka ngaphambili uye ngasemva kunciphisa amathuba okuba iibhaktheriya ezivela kwi-anus ziya kugqithiselwa kwi-urethra.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uphinda-phinda ii-UTIs, ngamanye amaxesha uyacetyiswa uthintelo lwee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, abafumanekanga ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda okanye ezinye iingxaki. Qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo nokuba umntwana wakho akanazimpawu ze-UTI.