Yintoni isifo sentliziyo esibelekweni kunye neentlobo eziphambili

Umxholo

• Iindidi eziphambili
• 1. Isifo sentliziyo se-cyanotic
• 2. Isifo sentliziyo se-acyanotic
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe sisiphene kubume bentliziyo esaphuhliswayo ngaphakathi esiswini sikanina, esinokubangela ukonakala komsebenzi wentliziyo, kwaye sele sizelwe nosana.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sentliziyo, ezinokuba nokuthantamisa kwaye zifunyanwe kuphela ebudaleni, nokuba sesona sinzulu, zizifo zentliziyo ezi-cyanotic, ezinokubangela ukutshintsha kokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni. Banokuba nezizathu zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome, okanye zibangelwe kukuphazamiseka ekukhulelweni, njengokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi, utywala, imichiza okanye usulelo lomntu okhulelweyo.

Isifo sentliziyo esibelekweni sinokufunyanwa kwisibeleko soomama nge-ultrasound kunye ne-echocardiogram. Esi sifo sinokunyangeka kuba unyango lwaso lunokwenziwa ngotyando ukulungisa isiphene, esiya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo nobunzima besifo sentliziyo.

Iindidi eziphambili

Isifo sentliziyo sinokuhlelwa njenge:

1. Isifo sentliziyo se-cyanotic

Olu hlobo lwesifo sentliziyo lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba isiphako sentliziyo sinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi kunye namandla eoksijini egazini, kwaye, ngokuxhomekeka kubukhali bayo, kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje nge-pallor, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukungabikho zomoya, isiqaqa kwanokuxhuzula nokufa. Ezona ziphambili zibandakanya:

• Tetralogy yoBuxoki: kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi okusuka entliziyweni kuye emiphungeni, ngenxa yendibaniselwano yeziphene ezi-4, ezibonakaliswa kukucuthwa kwesivalo esivumela igazi ukuba lidlulele emiphungeni, unxibelelwano phakathi kwentliziyo yemithambo yomoya, utshintsho kubeko lweaorta kunye Ilungelo le-ventricle yelungelo;
• Isiphene sika-Ebstein: kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwi-valve ye-tricuspid, enxibelelana namagumbi entliziyo elungileyo;
• I-atresia yePulmonary: kubangela ukungabikho konxibelelwano phakathi kwentliziyo elungileyo nemiphunga, kuthintela igazi ekubeni lifakwe ioksijini efanelekileyo.

Ngokufanelekileyo, isifo sentliziyo se-cyanotic kufuneka sifunyanwe ngokukhawuleza, nokuba kukwisibeleko sikamama okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, kusetyenziswa ii-echocardiograms ezifumanisa olu tshintsho lwentliziyo, ukucwangcisa ungenelelo, kunye nokuthintela ukulandelelana komntwana.

2. Isifo sentliziyo se-acyanotic

Olu hlobo lwesifo sentliziyo lubangela utshintsho olungasoloko lubangela iimpembelelo ezinzulu ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo, kwaye ubuninzi kunye nokuqina kweempawu kuxhomekeke kubukrakra besiphene sentliziyo, ukusukela ngokungabikho kweempawu, iimpawu kuphela ngexesha lemizamo, ukusilela kwentliziyo .

Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezibangelwe, olu tshintsho lunokufunyanwa kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa, okanye ebudaleni. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi (CIA)Unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga lwenzeka phakathi kwe-atria yentliziyo, engawona magumbi aphezulu;
• Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi (IVC): kukho isiphako phakathi kweendonga ze-ventricles, ezibangela unxibelelwano olwaneleyo lwala magumbi kunye nomxube weoksijini kunye negazi elingena oxygen;
• I-Ductus arteriosus (iPDA): Eli jelo likho ngokwemvelo kwimveku engekazalwa ukudibanisa i-ventricle elungileyo yentliziyo kwi-aorta, ukuze igazi liye ngakwiplasenta kwaye lifumane ioksijini, kodwa kufuneka livale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa. Ukuzingisa kwayo kunokubangela ubunzima ekungeniseni umoya wegazi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa;
• Isiphene se-septal se-atrioventricular (DSVA): Kubangela unxibelelwano olungonelanga phakathi kwe-atrium kunye ne-ventricle, okwenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo ube nzima.

Nokuba sithini na isifo sesifo sentliziyo, nokuba yi-cyanotic okanye i-acyanotic, kunokuthiwa kunzima xa intliziyo ihlupheka ngenxa yombutho weziphene ezininzi ezichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuzinyanga, njengoko zihlala zisenzeka i-tetralogy ye-Fallot, umzekelo.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sentliziyo esibelekwe kuxhomekeke kuhlobo nobunzima besiphene sentliziyo. Kwiintsana kunye neentsana, banokuba:

• I-cyanosis, umbala obomvu emfazweni okanye emilebeni;
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo;
• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo ngexesha lokondla;
• I-Pallor kunye nokungakhathali;
• Ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nokutya okungafanelekanga;
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangokufutshane nokuba uphumle;
• Ukucaphuka.

Kubantwana abadala okanye kubantu abadala, iimpawu zinokuba:

• Intliziyo ekhawulezileyo nomlomo omfusa emva kwemizamo;
• Izifo ezenzeka rhoqo ekuphefumlweni;
• Ukudinwa ngokulula ngokunxulumene nabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo;
• Ayikhuli okanye ityebe ngokwesiqhelo.

Utshintsho kubungakanani bentliziyo inokujongwa kwakhona, luqinisekiswe ngoviwo lwe-x-reyi kunye ne-echocardiogram.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwezifo zentliziyo yokuzalwa lunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukulawula iimpawu, ezinje nge-diuretics, i-beta-blockers, ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye ne-inotropes, ukonyusa ukubetha kweebethi. Nangona kunjalo, unyango oluchanekileyo lutyando lokulungiswa, kubonisiwe phantse kuwo onke amatyala, ukukwazi ukunyanga isifo sentliziyo.

Amatyala amaninzi athatha iminyaka ukuba afunyaniswe kwaye anokusonjululwa ngokuzenzekelayo ekukhuleni komntwana, enze ubomi bakhe buqheleke. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinzima kakhulu zifuna utyando kunyaka wokuqala wobomi.

Ukongeza, uninzi lwee-syndromes zemfuza zinokuba neziphene zentliziyo, kwaye eminye imizekelo yi-Down's syndrome, i-Alagille, i-DiGeorge, i-Holt-Oram, i-Leopard, i-Turner kunye ne-Williams, umzekelo, ke, ukusebenza kwentliziyo kufuneka kuvavanywe kakuhle ukuba umntwana kufunyaniswe ukuba zezi zifo.