Isikhokelo sokuGonya abantu abadala: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usexesheni ngogonyo lwakho?
• Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50
• Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-65
• Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Ubungozi obunokubakho bokugonywa
• Ukuthatha

Ukufumana ugonyo olucetyiswayo yenye yeendlela zokuzikhusela kunye nabanye abantu ekuhlaleni kwizifo ezinokuthintelwa.

Ukugonywa kwehlisa amathuba akho okufumana izifo ezisongela ubomi, ngelixa ikunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwezi zifo kwabanye abantu.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kogonyo kuwo onke amabakala obomi kunye nolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuba zeziphi na izitofu ozifunayo kuyo yonke iminyaka.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usexesheni ngogonyo lwakho?

Unyaka ngamnye e-United States, ugula kakhulu kwaye ufuna unyango esibhedlele kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zizitofu zokukhusela.

Ezo zifo zinokuthintelwa zisenokubangela ukukhubazeka ubomi bakho bonke okanye eminye imiceli mingeni yezempilo. Kwezinye iimeko, bayabulala.

Nangona ungazivelisi iimpawu ezinzulu kwisifo esosulelayo, usenokudlulisela kwamanye amalungu oluntu asemngciphekweni, kubandakanya neentsana ezisencinci kakhulu ukuba zingagonywa.

Ukuhlala usesikhathini kwishedyuli yakho yokugonya kunciphisa amathuba akho okufumana izifo ezinokuthintelwa. Kananjalo, oku kunokukunceda ukonwabele ubomi obude kunye nobusempilweni.

Inceda nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezosulelayo kubantu abakungqongileyo. Olu khuselo lwaziwa njenge- "herd immunity."

Iziphumo ezikhuselayo zokugonya zinokuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ugonywe kwiindawo ezininzi ebudaleni - nokuba ufumene izitofu njengomntwana.

Apha, uya kufumana uluhlu olubanzi lwezitofu zokugonya abantu abadala, ezilungelelaniswe ngokweminyaka. Fumana uluhlu lwakho lobudala olungezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi izitofu ezicetyiswayo kuwe.

Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50

Kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, bancomela ezi zitofu zilandelayo:

• Isitofu sokugonya se-influenza sonyaka: idosi enye ngonyaka. Ukufumana umkhuhlane odutyulwa minyaka le yeyona ndlela yokunciphisa amathuba akho okufumana umkhuhlane kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene noko. Ngokubanzi, isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo se-influenza (IIV), isitofu sokugonya se-influenza (RIV), kunye nesitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane (LAIV) sonke sithathwa njengesikhuselekileyo kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50.
• Amayeza okugonya i-Tdap kunye ne-Td: 1 idosi ye-Tdap ngaxa lithile ebudaleni, ilandelwa yidosi enye yeTdap okanye iTd rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10. Iyeza lokugonya i-Tdap likhusela kwi-tetanus, diphtheria, kunye ne-pertussis (isikhohlela). Isitofu sokugonya se-Td sinciphisa umngcipheko we-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria kuphela. I-Tdap ikwacetyiswa kwakhona kwabo bakhulelweyo, nokuba sele befumene idosi yeTdap okanye iTd kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.

Ukuba wazalwa ngo-1980 okanye kamva, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa nge-varicella vaccine. Ikhusela inkukhu yenkukhu, kubantu abangenakho ukukhuselwa kwesi sifo.

Ugqirha wakho usenokukucebisa ukuba ufumane iyeza elinye okanye nangaphezulu xa ungakhange uzifumane ngaphambili:

• Ugonyo lweMMR, ekhusela imasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerubella
• Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV, ekhusela papillomavirus yabantu

Ukuba unemiqathango ethile yempilo okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi bokusuleleka kwezifo ezithile, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma isitofu sokugonya i-herpes zoster, isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal, okanye olunye ugonyo.

Ezinye iimeko zempilo kunye namayeza anokutshintsha iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukuba uhlala unempilo okanye uthatha iyeza elichaphazela amajoni akho omzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlale unolwazi malunga nogonyo olukhusela kwizifo ezinokuthintelwa.

Izicwangciso zakho zokuhamba zinokuchaphazela neengcebiso zokugonya ugqirha wakho.

Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-65

Icebisa uninzi lwabantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala ukuba bafumane:

• Isitofu sokugonya se-influenza sonyaka: idosi enye ngonyaka. Ukufumana "umkhuhlane" wonyaka kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nobungozi obusongela ubomi, njenge-pneumonia. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu bayacetyiswa ukuba bafumane iyeza lokungasebenzi elingasebenziyo lomkhuhlane (IAV) okanye isitofu sokugonya (RIV) kuphela, hayi isitofu sokugonya esiphilayo.
• Amayeza okugonya i-Tdap kunye ne-Td: 1 idosi ye-Tdap ngaxa lithile ebudaleni, ilandelwa yidosi enye yeTdap okanye iTd rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10. Isitofu sokugonya i-Tdap sibonelela ngokhuseleko kwi-tetanus, diphtheria, kunye ne-pertussis (isikhohlela), ngelixa isitofu se-Td sikhusela kuphela isifo se-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria.
• Iherpes zoster vaccine: iidosi ezi-2 zokugonya okuphindayo okanye idosi e-1 yokugonya okuphilayo. Eli gciwane linciphisa amathuba akho okufumana i-shingles. Indlela ekhethwayo yokugonya ibandakanya amathamo ama-2 ezinto zokugonya ezingasetyenziswanga kwakhona (RZV, Shingrix) kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, endaweni yedosi enye yesitofu sokugonya esidala (ZVL, Zostavax).

Ukuba awukayigonyelwa imasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (MMR), ugqirha wakho unokukukhuthaza ukuba ufumane iyeza lokuthintela iMMR.

Ngamanye amaxesha, imbali yakho yezempilo, izicwangciso zokuhamba, okanye ezinye izinto zokuphila zinokukhokelela kugqirha wakho ukuba acebise isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal okanye olunye ugonyo ngokunjalo.

Ukuba unempilo okanye uthatha iyeza elichaphazela amajoni akho omzimba, ugqirha wakho unokuba neengcebiso ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezingcono kuwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usexesheni ngogonyo olufunekayo ukuba amajoni akho omzimba athomalalisiwe.

Izitofu zokugonya abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65

Ucebisa ezi zitofu zokugonya zilandelayo kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65:

• Isitofu sokugonya se-influenza sonyaka. Umkhuhlane wonyaka wehlisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa umkhuhlane, onokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi, ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Abantu abadala bangayifumana, enokuthi inike inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzikhusela kumkhuhlane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izitofu. Banokufumana isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo somkhuhlane (i-IAV) okanye isitofu sokugonya se-influenza (RIV). Isitofu sokugonya esiphilayo asikhuthazwa.
• Amayeza okugonya i-Tdap kunye ne-Td: 1 idosi ye-Tdap ngaxa lithile ebudaleni, ilandelwa yidosi enye yeTdap okanye iTd rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10. Isitofu sokugonya i-Tdap sinciphisa amathuba akho okufumana i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, kunye ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela), ngelixa isitofu sokugonya i-Td sinciphisa umngcipheko we-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria.
• Iherpes zoster vaccine: iidosi ezi-2 zokugonya okuphindayo okanye idosi e-1 yokugonya okuphilayo. Eli yeza lokugonya linika ukhuselo kulwamathambo. Ishedyuli ekhethiweyo yokugonya ibandakanya iidosi ezi-2 zesitofu sokugonya esixubekayo (RZV, Shingrix) ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, endaweni ye-1 idosi yesitofu sokugonya esidala (ZVL, Zostavax).
• Ugonyo lwe-Pneumococcal: idosi e-1. Eli yeza lokugonya linika ukhuseleko kusulelo lwe-pneumococcal, kubandakanya inyumoniya. Uninzi lwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu bayacetyiswa ukuba bafumane isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23), endaweni yesitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).

Ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho yezempilo, izicwangciso zokuhamba, kunye nezinye izinto zokuphila, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ezinye izitofu, nazo.

Iimeko ezithile zempilo kunye namayeza anokuchaphazela amajoni omzimba. Iingcebiso zokugonya zinokwahluka kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Ukukhusela kwisifo esinokuthintelwa, kubalulekile kubantu abadala ukuba bahlale benolwazi ngalo naluphi na ugonyo olucetyiswayo.

Ubungozi obunokubakho bokugonywa

Kubantu abaninzi, umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu kugonyo usezantsi kakhulu.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ezivela kugonyo zibandakanya:

• iintlungu, ukuthamba, ukudumba, kunye nobomvu kwindawo yenaliti
• amalungu adakumbileyo okanye iintlungu zomzimba
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa
• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• ukugabha
• umkhuhlane ophantsi
• Ukugodola
• irhashalala

Kunqabile kakhulu, izitofu zokugonya zinokubangela ukusabela okugwenxa okanye ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi.

Ukuba ukhe wehlelwa kukungavisisani nezinto zokugonya ngaphambili, uneemeko ezithile zempilo, okanye ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba ungafumani zitofu ezithile.

Ukuba uthatha amayeza achaphazela amajoni akho omzimba, ugqirha unokukucebisa ukuba ume okanye uhlengahlengise irejimeni yakho yonyango ngaphambi kokufumana izitofu ezithile.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ufunde ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezinokuthi zikhuseleke kuwe.

Ukuthatha

Ukukunceda ukuzikhusela, abantu obathandayo, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi ekuguleni okunokuthintelwa, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usexesheni ngogonyo lwakho olucetyiswayo.

Ukuze ufunde ukuba loluphi ugonyo ekufuneka ulufumene, thetha nogqirha wakho. Ubudala bakho, imbali yezempilo, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo iya kubanceda ukuba babone ukuba loluphi ugonyo abancomela lona.

Kuya kufuneka ukwazise ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba uceba ukuhamba-kwaye ubabuze ukuba kukho naziphi na izitofu ekufuneka uzifumene kwangaphambili. Izifo ezithile ezosulelayo zixhaphake kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi kunezinye.