Isitofu sokugonya se-HIV

Umxholo

• Kuba i-HIV ayikabinayo iyeza lokugonya okwangoku
• Yintoni eyenza kube nzima ukwenza isitofu sokugonya se-HIV

Isitofu sokulwa intsholongwane kaGawulayo sikwisigaba sophando, kusaphandwa ngoososayensi kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa akukabikho sitofu sisebenzayo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, bekukho iingcinga ezininzi zokuba isitofu sokugonya esifanelekileyo besinokufunyanwa, nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwalusilele ukudlula isigaba sesibini sokuvavanywa kwesitofu sokugonya, kwaye khange senziwe sifumaneke kubemi.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane entsonkothileyo esebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiseli ephambili yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ibangela utshintsho kwimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela nokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukulwa. Funda ngakumbi nge-HIV.

Kuba i-HIV ayikabinayo iyeza lokugonya okwangoku

Okwangoku, akukho sitofu sisebenzayo sokulwa intsholongwane kaGawulayo, kuba iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwezinye iintsholongwane, ezinje ngomkhuhlane okanye irhashalala, umzekelo. Kwimeko ye-HIV, intsholongwane ichaphazela enye yeeseli zokuzikhusela ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni, i-CD4 T lymphocyte, elawula ukuphendula komzimba komzimba wonke. Amachiza 'aqhelekileyo' anika inxenye yentsholongwane ephilayo okanye efileyo, eyoneleyo yokwenza umzimba ukuba uyamkele iarhente ekonileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezichasene nale ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye-HIV, akwanelanga ukukhuthaza nje ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies, kuba oko akonelanga ukuba umzimba ulwe nesi sifo. Abantu abane-HIV banee-antibodies ezininzi ezijikeleza emizimbeni yabo, nangona kunjalo ezi zintsholongwane azikwazi ukuyiphelisa intsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ke ngoko, isitofu sokugonya se-HIV kufuneka sisebenze ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iintlobo zokugonya ezikhoyo ngokuchasene neentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo.

Yintoni eyenza kube nzima ukwenza isitofu sokugonya se-HIV

Omnye wemiba ethintela ukwenziwa kweyeza lokuthintela i-HIV kukuba intsholongwane ihlasela iseli ejongene nolawulo lwamajoni omzimba, i-CD4 T lymphocyte, ebangela ukuveliswa kwe-antibody engalawulekiyo. Ukongeza, intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokulungiswa, kwaye inokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwabantu. Kungoko, nokuba iyeza lokuthintela intsholongwane kaGawulayo libhaqiwe, omnye umntu angayiphatha intsholongwane eguqulweyo, umzekelo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iyeza alinakuba nasiphumo.

Enye into eyenza ukuba izifundo zibe nzima kukuba intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinangxaki kwizilwanyana, kwaye ke, iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa kuphela neenkawu (kuba ineDNA efana kakhulu nabantu) okanye ebantwini ngokwabo. Uphando ngeenkawu lubiza kakhulu kwaye lunemithetho engqongqo kakhulu yokukhusela izilwanyana, ezenza ukuba olo phando lungasoloko lusebenza, kwaye ebantwini alukho uphando oluninzi oluye lwaphumelela isigaba sesi-2 sophando, esihambelana nesigaba sokugonya ilawulwa kwinani elikhulu labantu.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nezigaba zokuvavanya isitofu.

Ukongeza, iintlobo ezininzi ze-HIV ezichongiweyo zichongiwe, ikakhulu ezinxulumene neeproteni eziyenzayo. Ke, ngenxa yomahluko, ukwenza isitofu sokugonya kwindalo iphela kunzima, njengoko isitofu sokugonya esinokusebenzela olunye uhlobo lwe-HIV sinokungasebenzi kolunye.