Izitofu ezikhusela kwi-Meningitis

Umxholo

• Amayeza okugonya aphambili okulwa ne-meningitis
• 1. Isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal C
• 2. I-ACWY yokugonya imenococcal
• 3. Isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal B
• 4. Isitofu sokugonya sePneumococcal conjugate
• 5. Ukudibanisa isitofu sokugonya Haemophilus influenzae b
• Xa ungazifumani ezi zitofu

I-Meningitis inokubangelwa zii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kukho izitofu zokugada ezinceda ukuthintela i-meningococcal meningitis ebangelwa I-Neisseria meningitidisiiserogroups A, B, C, W-135 kunye no-Y, i-pneumococcal meningitis ebangelwaS. pneumoniae kunye ne-meningitis ebangelwaUhlobo lweHaemophilus influenzae b.

Ezinye zezi zitofu sele zibandakanyiwe kwisicwangciso sokugonya sesizwe, esifana nogonyo lwepentavalent, iPneumo10 neMeningoC. Bona izitofu ezibandakanyiweyo kwikhalenda yokugonya yesizwe.

Amayeza okugonya aphambili okulwa ne-meningitis

Ukulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-meningitis, ezi zitofu zilandelayo ziyaboniswa:

1. Isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal C

Isitofu sokugonya i-meningococcal C sibonakalisiwe kugonyo olusebenzayo lwabantwana abasuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala, abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala kuthintelo lwe-meningitis olubangelwa I-Neisseria meningitidis yeqela leqela C.

Indlela yokuthatha:

Kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kunyaka-1, idosi ekhuthazwayo yimithamo emibini ye-0.5 mL, elawulwa ubuncinci iinyanga ezi-2 ngokwahlukeneyo. Kubantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala, abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala, idosi ekhuthazwayo yidosi enye ye-0.5 mL.

Ukuba umntwana ufumene ugonyo olupheleleyo lweedosi ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 ubudala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba, xa umntwana sele ekhulile, afumane elinye idosi lokugonya, oko kukuthi, afumane idosi yokukhuthaza.

2. I-ACWY yokugonya imenococcal

Olu gonyo lubonakalisiwe kugonyo olusebenzayo lwabantwana abasusela kwiiveki ezi-6 ubudala okanye kubantu abadala ngokuchasene nezifo ze-meningococcal ezingafunekiyo ezibangelwa I-Neisseria meningitidis iiserogroups A, C, W-135 kunye no-Y. Eli gonyo lifumaneka phantsi kwegama lorhwebo iNimenrix.

Indlela yokuthatha:

Kwiintsana eziphakathi kweeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12, ishedyuli yokugonya iqulathe idosi ezimbini zolwaluko, kwinyanga yesi-2 neye-4, kulandele idosi yokunyusa kwinyanga ye-12 yobomi.

Kubantu abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala, kufuneka kwenziwe idosi enye ye-0.5 mL, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kuyacetyiswa ukulawulwa kwethamo lokukhuthaza.

3. Isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal B

Isitofu sokugonya i-meningococcal B sibonisiwe ukunceda ukukhusela abantwana abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini kunye nabantu abadala ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ngokuchasene nesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Neisseria meningitidis iqela B, njenge-meningitis kunye ne-sepsis. Eli yeza lokugonya lingaziwa ngegama lokurhweba iBexsero.

Indlela yokuthatha:

• Iintsana eziphakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ubudala: Kucetyiswa iidosi ezi-3 zokugonya, ngamanqanaba eenyanga ezi-2 phakathi kwamayeza. Ukongeza, isitofu sokugonya kufuneka senziwe phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 nezingama-23 ubudala;
• Iintsana phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-11: Iidosi ezi-2 ziyacetyiswa kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-2 phakathi kwamayeza, kwaye isitofu sokugonya kufuneka sinyuswe phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-24 ubudala;
• Abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 nama-23 ubudala: Kucetyiswa iidosi ezi-2, ngekhefu leenyanga ezi-2 phakathi kweedosi;
• Abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-10 ubudala: abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala, kucetyiswa iidosi ezi-2, ngekhefu leenyanga ezi-2 phakathi kweedosi;
• Abafikisayo abaneminyaka eli-11 ubudala kunye nabantu abadala: Kucetyiswa iidosi ezi-2, kunye nenyanga eli-1 phakathi kwedosi.

Akukho datha kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.

4. Isitofu sokugonya sePneumococcal conjugate

Eli chiza lichazwa ukuthintela usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane S. pneumoniae, linoxanduva lokudala izifo ezinje nge-pneumonia, meningitis okanye septicemia, umzekelo.

Indlela yokuthatha:

• Iintsana ezineeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala: iidosi ezintathu, eyokuqala ilawulwa, ngokubanzi, kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala, ngekhefu lenyanga enye phakathi kwamayeza. Idosi yokukhuthaza iyacetyiswa ubuncinci kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kwethamo lokugqibela lokuqala;
• Iintsana ezinenyanga ezi-7-11 ubudala: iidosi ezimbini ze-0.5 mL, ngekhefu ubuncinci lenyanga enye phakathi kweedosi. Idosi yokunyusa iyacetyiswa kunyaka wesibini wobomi, ngekhefu ubuncinci iinyanga ezimbini;
• Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-12-23 ubudala: iidosi ezimbini ze-0.5 mL, ngekhefu ubuncinci iinyanga ezimbini phakathi kwedosi;
• Abantwana ukusuka kwiinyanga ezingama-24 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala: iidosi ezimbini ze-0.5 mL ngekhefu ubuncinci iinyanga ezimbini phakathi kweedosi.

5. Ukudibanisa isitofu sokugonya Haemophilus influenzae b

Eli yeza lichazwa ebantwaneni abaphakathi kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala ukuthintela usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane Uhlobo lweHaemophilus influenzae b, ezinje nge-meningitis, septicemia, cellulite, arthritis, epiglottitis okanye inyumoniya, umzekelo. Eli yeza lokugonya alikhuseli kusulelo olubangelwa zezinye iintlobo ze Haemophilus influenzae okanye ngokuchasene nezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis.

Indlela yokuthatha:

• Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala: Iinaliti ezi-3 ezinesithuba seenyanga ezi-1 okanye ezi-2, zilandelwe kukunyusa unyaka omnye emva kwethamo lesithathu;
• Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala: Inaliti ezi-2 ezinesithuba seenyanga ezi-1 okanye ezi-2, zilandelwe kukunyusa unyaka omnye emva kwethamo lesibini;
• Abantwana ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5 yeminyaka ubudala: Idosi enye.

Xa ungazifumani ezi zitofu

Ezi zitofu ziyaphikiswa xa kukho iimpawu zomkhuhlane okanye iimpawu zokudumba okanye kwizigulana ezinesifo sokungavumelani nalo naliphi na icandelo lefomula.

Ukongeza, ayifanele isetyenziswe ngabafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo.