Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV: senzelwa ntoni, ngubani onokuyithatha kunye neminye imibuzo

Umxholo

• Ngubani omele athathe
• 1. Ngokusebenzisa i-SUS
• 2. Ngokukodwa
• Iindidi zokugonya kunye needosi
• Ngubani ongathathi
• Iphulo lokugonya ezikolweni
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya
• Kutheni le nto kukhethwa ukugonya amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala?
• Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba kuvavanywe ngaphambi kokufumana iyeza lokugonya?
• Ngubani ofumana isitofu sokugonya engadingi ukusebenzisa ikhondom?
• Ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sikhuselekile?

Iyeza lokulwa i-HPV, okanye intsholongwane ye-papilloma yomntu, inikwa isitofu kwaye inemisebenzi yokuthintela izifo ezibangelwa yile ntsholongwane, ezinjengezilonda zaphambi komhlaza, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ilungu lobufazi kunye nelungu lobufazi, umngxunya kunye neentsumpa zangasese. Olu gonyo lungathathwa kwiziko lezempilo nakwiiklinikhi zabucala, kodwa likwabonelelwa yi-SUS kwizithuba zempilo nakumaphulo okugonya esikolweni.

Isitofu sokugonya esinikezelwa yi-SUS si-quadrivalent, esikhusela ngokuchasene neentlobo ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zeentsholongwane ze-HPV eBrazil. Emva kokuthatha isitofu sokugonya, umzimba uvelisa izilwa-buhlungu eziyimfuneko ukulwa intsholongwane kwaye ke, ukuba umntu wosulelekile, akasiphuhlisi isifo, akhuselwe.

Nangona ingekafumaneki ukuba isetyenziswe, i-Anvisa sele ivume iyeza elitsha lokulwa i-HPV, elikhusela kwiintlobo ezili-9 zentsholongwane.

Ngubani omele athathe

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV singathathwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Ngokusebenzisa i-SUS

Iyeza lifumaneka simahla kumaziko ezempilo, ngeedosi ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ukuba:

• Amakhwenkwe namantombazana aneminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala;
• Amadoda nabasetyhini abaneminyaka eli-9 ukuya kwengama-26 ubudala baphila ne-HIV okanye i-AIDS, abaguli abanamalungu omzimba, ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kunye nabantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza.

Isitofu sokugonya singathathwa nangamakhwenkwe namantombazana angasengobunyulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kungancitshiswa, njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba bebekhe banxibelelana nentsholongwane.

2. Ngokukodwa

Isitofu sokugonya singathathwa nangabantu abadala, nangona kunjalo, bafumaneka kuphela kwiiklinikhi zokugonya zabucala. Oku kubonisiwe:

• Amantombazana nabasetyhini phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 nengama-45 ubudala, ukuba isitofu sokugonya esine-quadrivalent, okanye nawuphi na ubudala ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-9, ukuba isitofu sokugonya esingafaniyo (Cervarix);
• Amakhwenkwe kunye namadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-9 nengama-26 ubudala, kunye nogonyo lwe-quadrivalent (Gardasil);
• Amakhwenkwe namantombazana aphakathi kweminyaka esi-9 nengama-26 ubudala, kunye nesitofu sokugonya esingabonakaliyo (Gardasil 9).

Isitofu sokugonya singathathwa nkqu nangabantu abaphantsi konyango okanye abanesifo se-HPV, njengoko sinokuzikhusela kwezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane ze-HPV, kwaye kuthintele ukwenziwa kweentsumpa ezomzimba kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza.

Iindidi zokugonya kunye needosi

Zimbini iindlela zokugonya ezichasene ne-HPV: isitofu sokugonya esine-quadrivalent kunye nesitofu sokugonya esingafaniyo.

Isitofu sokugonya esine-quadrivalent

• Ilungele abasetyhini abaphakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-45 yeminyaka ubudala, kunye namadoda aphakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-26 yeminyaka ubudala;
• Ikhusela kwiintsholongwane 6, 11, 16 no-18;
• Ikhusela kwiintsumpa zangasese, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwabasetyhini kunye nomhlaza welungu lobudoda okanye lendoda kwimeko yamadoda;
• Yenziwe lilabhoratri yaseMerck Sharp & Dhome, ebizwa ngokuba yeyorhwebo ebizwa ngokuba yiGardasil;
• Sisitofu sokugonya esinikezelwa yi-SUS yamakhwenkwe namantombazana phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala.
• Imithamo: Kukho iidosi ezi-3, kwishedyuli yenyanga ye-0-2-6, kunye nedosi yesibini emva kweenyanga ezimbini kunye nedosi yesithathu emva kweenyanga ezi-6 zedosi yokuqala. Kubantwana, isiphumo sokukhusela sele sinokufezekiswa ngeedosi ezi-2 kuphela, ke amanye amaphulo okugonya anokubonelela ngeedosi ezi-2 kuphela.

Jonga imiyalelo yeli chiza ngokuchofoza ku: Gardasil

Isitofu sokugonya esingafaniyo

• Ibonisiwe ukusuka kwi-9 yeminyaka ubudala kwaye ngaphandle komda wobudala;
• Ikhusela kuphela kwiintsholongwane ze-16 kunye ne-18, zezona zinto zingunobangela omkhulu womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko;
• Ikhusela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kodwa hayi ngokuchasene neemfazwe zangasese;
• Yenziwe yilebhu ye-GSK, ethengiswa njengeCervarix;
• Imithamo: Xa kuthathwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, kwenziwa iidosi ezi-2 zokugonya, kukho isithuba seenyanga ezi-6 phakathi kwazo. Kubantu ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala, kwenziwa iidosi ezi-3, kwishedyuli yenyanga eyi-0-1-6.

Jonga ngakumbi malunga neli gonyo kwiphetshana lepakethe: Cervarix.

Isitofu sokugonya esingafunekiyo

• Inokulawulwa kubafana kunye namantombazana aphakathi kweminyaka ye-9 kunye ne-26;
• Ikhusela kwi-9 HPV subtypes yentsholongwane: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 no-58;
• Ikhusela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kwilungu lobufazi, kwilungu lobufazi kunye ne-anus, kunye nakwiintsumpa ezibangelwa yi-HPV;
• Yenziwe ziilabhoratri zeMerck Sharp & Dhome, phantsi kwegama lezorhwebo leGardasil 9;
• Imithamo: ukuba ugonyo lokuqala lwenziwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14, iidosi ezi-2 kufuneka zenziwe, okwesibini kwenziwe phakathi kweenyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-13 emva kwenyanga yokuqala. Ukuba ukugonywa kusemva kweminyaka eyi-15, kuya kufuneka ulandele ishedyuli yedosi e-3 (iinyanga eziyi-0-2-6), apho idosi yesibini yenziwa emva kweenyanga ezimbini kwaye idosi yesithathu yenziwe kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kweyokuqala.

Ngubani ongathathi

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV akufuneki senziwe ukuba:

• Ukukhulelwa, kodwa isitofu sokugonya singathathwa kwakamsinya emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, phantsi kolwalathiso lwengcali yokubelekisa;
• Xa unalo naluphi na uhlobo lokungabikho komzimba kumacandelo esitofu sokugonya;
• Kwimeko yomkhuhlane okanye ukugula kakhulu;
• Kwimeko yokwehla kwenani leeplatelets kunye neengxaki zokunqanda igazi.

Ugonyo lunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HPV kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kodwa akubonakaliswanga ukunyanga esi sifo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo kwaye, ukongeza, owasetyhini kufuneka adibane nogqirha wesibeleko kube kanye ngonyaka kwaye enze iimviwo zesibeleko ezinje ngePap smears.

Iphulo lokugonya ezikolweni

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV siyinxalenye yeshedyuli yokugonya, simahla kwi-SUS yamantombazana namakhwenkwe aphakathi kweminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala. Ngo-2016, i-SUS yaqala ukugonya amakhwenkwe ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-14 yeminyaka ubudala, njengoko ekuqaleni yayifunyanwa kuphela kwabo baneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-13 ubudala.

Amakhwenkwe namantombazana akweli qela leminyaka kufuneka athathe idosi ezi-2 zokugonya, idosi yokuqala ifumaneka kwizikolo zikarhulumente nakwizikolo zabucala okanye kwiiklinikhi zempilo zikarhulumente. Idosi yesi-2 kufuneka ithathwe kwiyunithi yezempilo kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kwexesha lokugonya lokuqala okanye lesibini elikhuthazwe yi-SUS.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga iintlungu, ukuba bomvu okanye ukudumba kwindawo yokuluma, enokuncitshiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwengqalutye yomkhenkce, ikhuselwe ngelaphu, kuloo ndawo. Ukongeza, isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sinokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye nomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38ºC, onokuthi ulawulwe nge-antipyretic efana neParacetamol, umzekelo. Ukuba umntu ukrokrela imvelaphi yomkhuhlane, kufuneka aqhagamshelane nogqirha.

Amanye amantombazana axele utshintsho kwimvakalelo yemilenze yabo kunye nobunzima bokuhamba, nangona kunjalo, uphononongo ngesitofu sokugonya aluqinisekisi ukuba le mpendulo ibangelwa lulawulo lwayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba inxulunyaniswe nezinye izinto ezinje ngexhala okanye uloyiko lweenaliti, kuba umzekelo. Olunye utshintsho olunxulumene neli gonyo aluqinisekiswanga zizifundo zenzululwazi.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye uqonde ukubaluleka kogonyo kwimpilo:

Kutheni le nto kukhethwa ukugonya amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala?

Amanqaku enzululwazi abonisa ukuba iyeza lokugonya le-HPV lisebenza ngakumbi xa lisetyenziswa kwabo bangekaqalisi ngobomi bezesondo, kwaye, ke, i-SUS isebenza kuphela isitofu kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-14 ubudala, nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu angaluthatha kwiiklinikhi zabucala.

Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba kuvavanywe ngaphambi kokufumana iyeza lokugonya?

Akukho sidingo sokwenza naluphi na uvavanyo lokujonga intsholongwane ye-HPV ngaphambi kokuthatha iyeza, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iyeza alisebenzi kangako kubantu esele benonxibelelwano olusenyongweni.

Ngubani ofumana isitofu sokugonya engadingi ukusebenzisa ikhondom?

Nabo bathabathe iidosi ezimbini zokugonya kufuneka basoloko besebenzisa ikhondom kubo bonke abantu abasondeleyo kuba eli chiza alizikhuseli kwezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini, ezifana noGawulayo okanye negcushuwa, umzekelo.

Ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sikhuselekile?

Eliyeza lokugonya libonakalisiwe likhuselekile ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango kwaye, ngaphezulu, emva kokuba linikezelwe kubantu kumazwe aliqela, khange libonakaliswe ukuba libangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwalo.

Nangona kunjalo, zikhona iimeko zabantu abaxhalabileyo abanokuba nexhala kwaye babe nexhala ngexesha logonyo kwaye banokudlula, kodwa le nto ayihambelani ngqo nesitofu sokugonya esisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa nenkqubo yeemvakalelo zomntu.