Iingxaki zeValve yentliziyo

Umxholo

• Iintlobo zeengxaki zentliziyo yevalve
• I-Mitral valve prolapse
• Isifo sevalve seBicuspid
• Ivalvular stenosis
• Ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona
• Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalvu
• Zithini izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalvu?
• Zichongwa njani iingxaki zentliziyo yevalvu?
• Zinyangwa njani iingxaki zentliziyo yevalvu?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abaneengxaki zentliziyo yevalve?

Ushwankathelo

Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalve kungachaphazela naziphi na izivalo ezisentliziyweni yakho. Iipavvu zakho zentliziyo zineempuphu ezivulekileyo kwaye zivale ngentliziyo nganye, ivumela igazi ukuba lihambe kwigumbi eliphezulu lentliziyo kunye nawo wonke umzimba wakho. Amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo zii-atria, kwaye amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo zii-ventricles.

Intliziyo yakho inezi zivalo zine:

• ivelufa yetricuspid, ebekwe phakathi kwe-atrium elungileyo kunye ne-ventricle efanelekileyo
• ivelufa yemiphunga, ebekwe phakathi kwe-ventricle elungileyo kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary
• i-mitral valve, ebekwe phakathi kwe-atrium yasekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo
• ivelufa ye-aortic, ebekwe phakathi kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo kunye ne-aorta

Igazi lihamba ukusuka ekunene nasekhohlo kwi-atria ngokusebenzisa iiclicuspid kunye ne-mitral valves, ezivulekileyo ukuvumela igazi ukuba lingene kwi-ventricles yasekunene nasekhohlo. Ezi zivalo ziyavalwa ukuze kuthintelwe igazi lingabuyeli kwi-atria.

Nje ukuba ii-ventricles zigcwalise igazi, ziqala ukungena, kunyanzeleka ukuba kuvuleke i-pulmonary kunye ne-aortic valves. Igazi emva koko liphuma liye kwimithambo yegazi kunye ne-aorta. Umthambo we-pulmonary uphatha igazi elingena-oxygen lisuka entliziyweni liye emiphungeni. I-aorta, owona mthambo mkhulu womzimba, uhambisa igazi eline-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Iipilves zentliziyo zisebenza ngokuqinisekisa ukuba igazi lihamba liye phambili kwaye alibuyisi okanye libangele ukuvuza. Ukuba unesifo sevalve yentliziyo, ivelufa ayinako ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuvuza kwegazi, ekuthiwa kukuphinda kusebenze kwakhona, ukucuthwa kokuvulwa kwesivingco, okubizwa ngokuba yistenosis, okanye indibaniselwano yokuphinda ubuye kunye nestenosis.

Abanye abantu abanesifo sentliziyo asinakuba naziphi na iimpawu, ngelixa abanye benokufumana iimeko ezinje ngemivumbo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye namahlwili egazi ukuba isifo sentliziyo asinyangeki.

Iintlobo zeengxaki zentliziyo yevalve

I-Mitral valve prolapse

I-mitral valve prolapse ikwabizwa ngokuba:

• I-floppy valve syndrome
• cofa-ukumbombozela kwesifo
• ibhaluni mitral ivelufa
• Isifo sikaBarlow

Kwenzeka xa i-mitral valve ingavali ngokufanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ibangela ukuba igazi liphinde libuyele kwi-atrium yasekhohlo.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-mitral valve prolapse abanazo iimpawu kwaye abadingi unyango ngenxa yoko. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba unyango luyimfuneko zibandakanya:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukudinwa
• ukukhohlela

Unyango lubandakanya utyando ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela i-mitral valve.

Isifo sevalve seBicuspid

Isifo sevalic aortic seBicuspid senzeka xa umntu ezalwa enevalvu ye-aortic eneempuphu ezimbini endaweni yesithathu esiqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iimpawu zolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka zikhona xa kuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuhamba amashumi eminyaka bengazi ukuba banolu hlobo lwesifo. Ivalve ihlala ikwazi ukusebenza iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu, ngenxa yoko uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sevalve se-bicuspid aortic abafunyaniswa bade babe badala.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukuphefumla kancinci nokuzimisela
• iintlungu zesifuba
• isiyezi
• isiqaqa

Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukulungiswa kwevalve yabo ye-aortic ngempumelelo ngoqhaqho.

NgokweKliniki yaseCleveland, iipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abanolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esiza kufuna utyando ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela ivalve. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa bekwi-30 okanye i-40s yabo.

Ivalvular stenosis

I-Valvular stenosis yenzeka xa ivelufa ingakwazi ukuvula ngokupheleleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba alonelanga igazi elinokuhamba ngevalve. Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iivalves zentliziyo kwaye kunokubangelwa yivelufa yentliziyo ejijeka okanye eqinisa.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi
• isiqaqa

Abanye abantu abadingi unyango lwe-valvular stenosis. Abanye abantu banokufuna utyando ukubuyisela okanye ukulungisa ivalve. Kuxhomekeka kubukrakra be-stenosis yakho kunye nobudala bakho, i-valvuloplasty, esebenzisa ibhaluni ukuze inciphise ivalve, inokuba yinto onokukhetha kuyo.

Ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona

Ukuphindiswa kwakhona kweValvular kunokubizwa ngokuba yi "valve evuzayo." Kuyenzeka xa naziphi na izivalo zentliziyo zingavali ngokufanelekileyo, zibangele ukuba igazi lihlehle umva. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukukhohlela
• ukudinwa
• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• intloko elula
• ukudumba kweenyawo namaqatha

Iziphumo zokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona i-valvular ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka emntwini. Abanye abantu bafuna nje ukuba imeko yabo ibekwe esweni. Abanye banokufuna amayeza okuthintela ukwakheka kolwelo, ngelixa abanye befuna ukulungiswa kwevalve okanye ukutshintshwa.

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalvu

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yesivalo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubukrakra besifo. Ngokwesiqhelo ubukho beempawu zibonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi. Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki zentliziyo yevalvethi abanazo naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kunye neempawu zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu zesifuba
• isiyezi
• isiqaqa
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukukhohlela
• ukugcinwa kwamanzi, okunokubangela ukudumba kwiziphelo ezisezantsi kunye nesisu
• i-edema yemiphunga, ebangelwa lulwelo olungaphezulu kwimiphunga

Zithini izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalvu?

Zininzi izizathu ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo. Izizathu zinokubandakanya:

• isiphene sokuzalwa
• isifo se-endocarditis, ukudumba kwentliziyo yomzimba
• i-rheumatic fever, isifo esivuthayo esiziswa kukusuleleka kwiqela A. IStreptococcus iintsholongwane
• utshintsho olunxulumene nobudala, olufana ne-calcium deposits
• isifo sentliziyo
• isifo semithambo yegazi, ukunciphisa kunye nokuqina kwemithambo ebonelela ngentliziyo
• i-cardiomyopathy, ebandakanya utshintsho olwenzeka sisihlunu sentliziyo
• igcushuwa, isifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi
• i-aortic aneurysm, ukudumba okungaqhelekanga okanye ukudumba kwe-aorta
• i-atherosclerosis, ukuqina kwemithambo
• Ukonakala kwe-myxomatous, ukubuthathaka kwethishu yokudibanisa kwi-mitral valve
• lupus, isifo esingapheliyo sokuzimela

Zichongwa njani iingxaki zentliziyo yevalvu?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngokumamela intliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Bazokumamela nakuphi na ukungaqheleki kwenqanaba lentliziyo elinokubonisa ingxaki ngezivali zentliziyo yakho. Ugqirha wakho unokumamela nemiphunga yakho ukumisela ukuba kukho ulwakhiwo lwamanzi kwaye ujonge umzimba wakho ukuba uneempawu zokugcina amanzi. Zizo zombini ezi mpawu zeengxaki zentliziyo yevalvu.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iingxaki zentliziyo yevalufa zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-electrocardiogram luvavanyo olubonisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela izingqisho zentliziyo engaqhelekanga.
• I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wezivalo zentliziyo kunye namagumbi.
• I-catheterization yentliziyo lolunye uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwevalve. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa ityhubhu encinci okanye i-catheter enekhamera ukuthatha imifanekiso yentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba achaze uhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo se-valve.
• Isifuba X-ray sinokuyalelwa ukuba sithathe umfanekiso wentliziyo yakho. Oku kunokuxelela ugqirha ukuba intliziyo yakho ikhulisiwe.
• Uvavanyo lweMRI lunokunika umfanekiso wentliziyo yakho. Oku kunokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwaye uvumele ugqirha wakho ukuba anqume indlela yokuphatha kakuhle ingxaki yakho yevalve.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lunokusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba iimpawu zakho zichaphazeleka njani ngokuzimisela. Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo lunokwazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba inzima kangakanani imeko yakho.

Zinyangwa njani iingxaki zentliziyo yevalvu?

Unyango lweengxaki zentliziyo yevalvu luxhomekeke kubukrakra besifo kunye neempawu. Uninzi loogqirha lucebisa ukuqala ngonyango olulondolozayo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukufumana ulawulo lwezonyango olufanayo
• ukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya
• ukulandela ukutya okusempilweni

Amayeza aqhele ukumiselwa zezi:

• i-beta-blockers kunye ne-calcium block blockers, enceda ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi
• i-diuretics ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi
• i-vasodilators, iziyobisi ezivula okanye ezandisayo imithambo yegazi

Unokufuna utyando ukuba iimpawu zakho zonyuka ngamandla. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulungiswa kwentliziyo yevalve usebenzisa enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• izihlunu zakho
• ivelufa yezilwanyana ukuba utshintsha ivelufa yebhayoloji
• ivelufa enikelweyo evela komnye umntu
• umatshini, okanye owenziweyo, ivelufa

I-Valvuloplasty ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-stenosis. Ngexesha le-valvuloplasty, ugqirha wakho ufaka ibhaluni encinci entliziyweni yakho apho ifuthe khona kancinci. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunyusa ubungakanani bokuvulwa kwesivalo, emva koko ibhaluni isuswe.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abaneengxaki zentliziyo yevalve?

Umbono wakho uya kuxhomekeka ekubeni yeyiphi na ingxaki yovalve yentliziyo onayo nokuba inzima kangakanani. Ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo yevalvu zifuna ukujonga nje ngesiqhelo, ngelixa ezinye zifuna utyando.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iimpawu onazo ozikhathaleleyo, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ucwangcisa uvavanyo lwesiqhelo nogqirha wakho. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba ugqirha wakho afumanise iimeko ezinobuzaza kumanqanaba okuqala.