Iivithamini zaBantwana: Ngaba bayazidinga (kwaye zeziphi zona)?

Umxholo

• Izidingo zesondlo kubantwana
• Ngaba abantwana baneemfuno zezondlo ezahlukileyo kunabantu abadala?
• Ngaba abantwana bafuna i-vitamin supplements?
• Abanye abantwana banokufuna izondlo ezongezelelekileyo
• Ukukhetha ivithamini kunye nomthamo
• Ukuthintela i-Vitamin kunye nezimbiwa kubantwana
• Uqinisekisa njani ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana izondlo ezaneleyo
• Umgca wezantsi

Njengokuba abantwana bekhula, kubalulekile ukuba bafumane iivithamini ezaneleyo kunye neeminerals ukuqinisekisa impilo esemgangathweni.

Uninzi lwabantwana bafumana izixa ezaneleyo zezondlo kukutya okunezondlo, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, abantwana banokufuna ukongeza ngeevithamini okanye iiminerali.

Eli nqaku likuxelela yonke into oyifunayo malunga neevithamini zabantwana nokuba umntwana wakho angazidinga na.

Izidingo zesondlo kubantwana

Izidingo zesondlo kubantwana zixhomekeke kubudala, isini, ubungakanani, ukukhula, kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi.

Ngokweengcali zezempilo, abantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neli-8 bafuna ikhalori ezili-1–1,400 suku ngalunye. Abo badala 9-13 badinga i-1,400-2,600 yeekhalori mihla le-kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezithile, ezinje ngenqanaba lomsebenzi (1,).

Ukongeza ekutyeni iikhalori ezaneleyo, ukutya komntwana kufuneka kuhlangane noku kulandelayo kokutya (DRIs) (3):

Ngelixa izakhamzimba ezingentla zezinye zezona zixoxwa kakhulu, ayizizo zodwa ezifunwa ngabantwana.

Abantwana bafuna inani elithile levithamini kunye nezamaminerali ukukhula okufanelekileyo kunye nempilo, kodwa amaxabiso ngqo ahluka ngokobudala. Abantwana abadala kunye nolutsha badinga amanani ahlukeneyo ezondlo kunabantwana abancinci ukuxhasa impilo efanelekileyo.

Ngaba abantwana baneemfuno zezondlo ezahlukileyo kunabantu abadala?

Abantwana badinga izakha-mzimba ezifanayo nezabantu abadala-kodwa bahlala befuna iimali ezincinci.

Njengokuba abantwana bekhula, kubalulekile kubo ukuba bafumane isixa esaneleyo sezondlo ezinceda ekwakheni amathambo omeleleyo, anjengecalcium kunye nevithamin D ().

Ngaphaya koko, i-iron, i-zinc, iodine, i-choline, kunye neevithamini A, B6 (folate), B12, kunye no-D zibalulekile kuphuhliso lobuchopho kubomi bokuqala (,).

Ke, nangona abantwana benokudinga isixa esincinci seevithamini kunye neeminerals xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala, basadinga ukufumana ezaneleyo zezi zondlo ukuze zikhule kakuhle kunye nophuhliso.

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana badinga inani elincinci leevithamini kunye neeminerals kunabantu abadala. Izakha-mzimba ezinceda ukwakha amathambo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwengqondo zibaluleke ngokukodwa ebuntwaneni.

Ngaba abantwana bafuna i-vitamin supplements?

Ngokubanzi, abantwana abatya ukutya okusempilweni, okunesondlo akufuneki zongezo zevithamini.

Nangona kunjalo, iintsana zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezondlo kunabantwana kwaye zinokufuna izongezo ezithile, ezinjengevithamini D yeentsana ezanyiswa ().

Zombini iAmerican Academy of Pediatrics kunye neSebe lezoLimo laseMelika eMelika Izikhokelo zokutya kubantu baseMelika azicebisi zongezo ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwezibonelelo zokutya ezicetyiswayo zabantwana abasempilweni abadala kuneminyaka eyi-1 abatya ukutya okunezondlo.

Le mibutho icebisa ukuba abantwana batye iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo, imifuno, iinkozo, ezobisi, kunye neeprotein ukuze bafumane isondlo esaneleyo (8,).

Oku kutya kuqulethe zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni okufanelekileyo kunye nokukhula kwabantwana ().

Ngokubanzi, abantwana abatya ukutya okunezakha-mzimba okubandakanya onke amaqela okutya abahlali bedinga izongezo zevithamini okanye ezamaminerali. Okwangoku, icandelo elilandelayo ligubungela okunye okwahlukileyo.

Abantwana kufuneka batye ukutya okwahlukeneyo ukuze bafumane izakhamzimba abazifunayo. Iivithamini zihlala zingafuneki kubantwana abasempilweni abatya ukutya okunezondlo.

Abanye abantwana banokufuna izondlo ezongezelelekileyo

Nangona uninzi lwabantwana abatya ukutya okusempilweni bengazidingi iivithamini, iimeko ezithile zinokuqinisekisa ukongezwa.

Ezinye iivithamini kunye neeminerali zokuncedisa kunokuba yimfuneko kubantwana abasemngciphekweni wokusilela, njengabo (,,,):

• landela ukutya kwemifuno okanye imifuno
• Unesimo esichaphazela ukufunxwa okanye sonyuswe isidingo sezondlo, ezinjengesifo se-celiac, umhlaza, i-cystic fibrosis, okanye isifo sesisu esivuthayo (IBD)
• Ndenziwe utyando oluchaphazela amathumbu okanye isisu
• batya kakhulu kwaye bayasokola ukutya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya

Ngokukodwa, abantwana abatya ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo banokuba semngciphekweni wokunqongophala kwe-calcium, i-iron, i-zinc, kunye neevithamini B12 kunye no-D-ngakumbi ukuba batya ezimbalwa okanye abazityi iimveliso zezilwanyana ().

Ukutya kweVegan kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi ebantwaneni ukuba izakhamzimba ezithile ezinjengevithamini B12- efumaneka ngokwendalo kukutya kwezilwanyana- ayitshintshwanga ngezongezo okanye ukutya okuqinisiweyo.

Ukusilela ukubuyisela ezi zinongo kwizidlo zabantwana kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi, ezinje ngokukhula okungaqhelekanga kunye nokulibaziseka kophuhliso ().

Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba abantwana kwizidlo ezisekwe kwizityalo bafumane isondlo esaneleyo ekutyeni kuphela ukuba abazali babo bafaka ukutya okwaneleyo kwezityalo eziqulathe ngokwendalo okanye eziqiniswe ngeevithamini ezithile kunye neeminerali ().

Abantwana abanezifo zesisu okanye ukudumba kokudumba banokuba nobunzima bokufumana iivithamini kunye neeminerali ezininzi, ngakumbi i-iron, i-zinc, kunye nevithamini D. Kungenxa yokuba ezi zifo zibangela ukonakala kwiindawo zesisu ezifunxa imicronutrients (,,).

Kwelinye icala, abantwana abane-cystic fibrosis banengxaki yokufunxa amanqatha kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abanako ukufunxa ngokwaneleyo iivithamini ezinyibilikayo ezinamafutha A, D, E, kunye noK ().

Ukongeza, abantwana abanomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezibangela ukwanda kweemfuno zezondlo kunokufuna izongezo ezithile ukuthintela ukungondleki okunxulumene nezifo ().

Okokugqibela, ezinye izifundo zinxibelelanise ukutya okukhethiweyo ebuntwaneni ukuya kwi-micronutrients ephantsi (,).

Olunye uphononongo lwabantwana abangama-937 abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwengama-7 lufumanise ukuba ukutya okukhethiweyo kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokufakwa okuncinci kwentsimbi kunye ne-zinc. Okwangoku, iziphumo zibonise ukuba amanqanaba egazi kwezi zimbiwa awangahlukanga kangako ekukhetheni xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangadliyo ().

Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukutya okungafunekiyo ixesha elide kunokukhokelela kwiziphene ze-micronutrient ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kunokuqinisekisa ukongezwa kwesondlo ngenxa yoko.

I-Vitamin kunye ne-mineral supplements zihlala ziyimfuneko kubantwana abalandela i-vegan okanye ukutya kwemifuno, banesimo esichaphazela ukufunxeka kwezondlo, okanye abatya kakhulu.

Ukukhetha ivithamini kunye nomthamo

Ukuba umntwana wakho ulandela ukutya okuthintelayo, akakwazi ukufunxa ngokwaneleyo izondlo, okanye umntu okhetha ukutya, banokufumana izibonelelo ekuthatheni iivithamini.

Soloko uxoxa ngezibonelelo kunye nomboneleli wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uzinike umntwana wakho.

Xa ukhetha isongezelelo, jonga iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ezivavanywe ngumntu wesithathu, njenge-NSF International, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), ConsumerLab.com, Informed-Choice, okanye iQela lokuLawulwa kweziNto eziValiweyo (BSCG).

Ukungathethi, khetha iivithamini ezenzelwe abantwana ngokukodwa kwaye uqinisekise ukuba azinazo ii-megadoses ezidlula iimfuno zezondlo zemihla ngemihla zabantwana.

Ukuthintela i-Vitamin kunye nezimbiwa kubantwana

Iivithamini okanye izongezo zamaminerali zinokuba yityhefu ebantwaneni xa zithathwe kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiivithamini ezinyibilikayo ezinamafutha A, D, E, kunye no-K ezigcinwe kumanqatha omzimba (20).

Olunye uphononongo olwenziweyo lubike ityhefu ka-Vitamin D kumntwana othathe isongezelelo ().

Qaphela ukuba iivithamini ze-gummy, ngakumbi, kunokuba lula ngokutya kakhulu. Olunye uphononongo lukhankanye amatyala amathathu e-vitamin A ebantwaneni ngenxa yokutya kakhulu iivithamini ezifana neelekese (,).

Kungcono ukugcina iivithamini zingafikelelwa ngabantwana abancinci kwaye uxoxe ngokutya ngokufanelekileyo iivithamini kunye nabantwana abadala ukunqanda ukondla ngengozi izongezo.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uthathe i-vitamin okanye i-mineral supplement, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Xa ukhetha ivithamini, jonga iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezongezo eziqukethe iidosi ezifanelekileyo zeevithamini kunye neeminerali zabantwana.

Uqinisekisa njani ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana izondlo ezaneleyo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bafumana izixa ezoneleyo zezakhamzimba ukuze bangadingi zongezo, qiniseka ukuba ukutya kwabo kuneentlobo ngeentlobo zokutya okunesondlo.

Ukubandakanya iziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, iiproteni ezingafunekiyo, amafutha asempilweni, kunye neemveliso zobisi (ukuba ziyanyamezelwa) kwizidlo kunye namaqebengwana anokubonelela umntwana wakho ngeevithamini kunye neeminerali ezaneleyo.

Ukunceda umntwana wakho atye imveliso engaphezulu, qhubeka uzisa imifuno emitsha kunye neziqhamo ezilungiselelwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nezinencasa.

Ukutya okusempilweni kwabantwana kuya kufuneka kunciphise iishukela kunye nokutya okugqitywe kakhulu kwaye kugxilwe kwiziqhamo ezipheleleyo ngaphezulu kwencindi yeziqhamo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uziva ngathi umntwana wakho akafumani sondlo sondlo ngokutya kuphela, izongezo zinokuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokuhambisa izakhamzimba ezifunwa ngabantwana.

Nxibelelana nodokotela wabantwana ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokutya okunesondlo komntwana wakho.

Ngokubonelela umntwana wakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya, unokuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana izondlo eziyimfuneko kwimpilo efanelekileyo.

Umgca wezantsi

Abantwana abatya ukutya okusempilweni, okunesondlo bagcwalisa iimfuno zabo zezondlo ngokutya.

Okwangoku, izongezo zeevithamini zisenokuba yimfuneko kubantu abakhetha ukutya, abantwana abanempilo enempilo echaphazela ukufunxeka kwezondlo okanye ukunyusa iimfuno zezondlo, okanye abo balandela ukutya kwemifuno okanye i-vegan.

Xa unika iivithamini kubantwana, qiniseka ukuba ukhetha iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezineedosi ezifanelekileyo zabantwana.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana izakhamzimba ezaneleyo, nikeza ukutya okunezakha mzimba okubandakanya ukutya okwahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa iilekese kunye nokutya okusulungekisiweyo.