Oko Wonke umntu afuna ukukwazi malunga nokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-U.S

Umxholo

• Ukuzibulala kunye nokugula ngengqondo
• Umba weTekhnoloji
• Intaphane Yezinye Izinto
• Qalisa Isilumkiso: Inkalo eyosulelayo yokuzibulala
• Indlela yokuthatha inyathelo
• Uphengululo lwe

Kwiveki ephelileyo, iindaba zokubhubha kwabantu ababini abadumileyo nabathandwayo ngokwenkcubeko zishukumise isizwe.

Kuqala, uKate Spade, oneminyaka engama-55, umsunguli wegama lakhe lefashoni elaziwayo ngokuqaqamba kunye nokuqaqamba kobuhle, uthathe ubomi bakhe. Emva koko, u-Anthony Bourdain, 61, umpheki owaziwayo, umbhali kunye no-bon vivant, usweleke ngokuzibulala ngelixa esenza umboniso we-CNN, Amacandelo angaziwa, eFransi.

Kubantu ababini ababebonakala bezele bubomi, ukufa kwabo kuyabakhathaza.

Ukongeza kokungakhululeki kukufumanisa okutsha ukuba amaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo apapasha kwiveki enye. Ukuzibulala yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokufa e-US, kunye nesibini esibangela ukufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-24, ngokwe-CDC. Okubi nakakhulu, amanani ayenyuka. Amazinga okuzibulala anyuke phantse kuwo onke amazwe ukusuka kwi-1999 ukuya ku-2016, ngelixa i-25 ithi ifumene ukwanda kokuzibulala okungaphezulu kweepesenti ze-30.

Kwaye ngelixa amadoda ephendula uninzi lokuzibulala kweli lizwe, umsantsa wesini uyancipha, njengoko inani labasetyhini abathatha ubomi babo linyuka. Izinga lokuzibulala phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunye namadoda lenyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-21, kodwa ngeepesenti ezingama-50 zamantombazana nabasetyhini ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2016, ngokweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo manani. (Idibeneyo: Ndenziwe Ukuthula Ngokuzibulala)

Apha, iingcaphephe zabelana ngokuqonda ngalo mba wezempilo yoluntu, kuquka into enokwenziwa ukunceda ukulwa ezi nkcukacha-manani zothusayo.

Ukuzibulala kunye nokugula ngengqondo

Ngamafutshane, amanani oxinzelelo awakwazi ukubalelwa kwinto enye kuphela. Kukho umxube wentlalo noqoqosho neentsingiselo zentlalo ezinokudlala indima ekunyukeni kwamazinga, utsho uSusan McClanahan, Ph.D., igosa eliyintloko leklinikhi kumaZiko ezeMpilo e-Insight Behavioral.

Enye into ebangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bazibulale, kukudakumba okanye uxinzelelo olukhulu, utsho njalo uLena Franklin, LCSW, ugqirha wezengqondo e-Atlanta. "Xa ukungabi naxabiso, ukungabi nathemba, kunye nosizi olugcweleyo lukhona, intsingiselo yomntu ngokuphila ngemilinganiselo, yandisa umngcipheko wokuzibulala."

Ezinye izigulo zengqondo, ezinje nge-bipolar disorder, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu okwahlukeneyo (ingakumbi ukuphazamiseka kobuntu bomda) kunokuchaphazela iingcinga kunye nenjongo yokuzibulala, amanqaku kaMcClanahan.

Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi abajamelana nemicimbi yezempilo yengqondo abalufumani uncedo abaludingayo-okanye bazi nokuba banalo babe imeko yempilo yengqondo. Ingxelo yeCDC ifumanise ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu (iipesenti ezingama-54) abasweleke ngokuzibulala abanalo (kule meko, bafumanise) imeko yempilo yengqondo. Yiyo loo nto ukuzibulala kuhlala kothusa usapho kunye nabahlobo. Oko kunokunxulunyaniswa nebala elinxulunyaniswa nesifo sengqondo, nto leyo enokuthintela abantu abaninzi ekufumaneni uncedo abaludingayo, utsho uMcClanahan.

"Inokudibanisa ukubekwa ibala kunye nokungabikho kwemfundo," wongeza uJoy Harden Bradford, Ph.D., ugqirha wezengqondo kunye nomsunguli weTherapy for Black Girls. "Ngamanye amaxesha abantu baye bajongana nezinto ezininzi ebomini babo kangangokuba abaqondi nokuba zingakanani iintlungu abakuzo okanye ukuba zinefuthe njani ekusebenzeni kwabo kwemihla ngemihla."

Inye into esiqiniseke ngayo. No enye ukhuselekile kwizifo zengqondo okanye iingcinga kunye nezenzo zokuzibulala, njengoko ukufa kukaBourdain kunye noSpade kubonisa. Ngelixa singazi ncam ukuba yintoni ebangele ukuba bazibulale, ukusweleka kwabo kububungqina bokuba ukufezekisa impumelelo yezemali okanye udumo aluthinteli ukungonwabi, kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba umntu oneendlela uya kufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha abaludingayo. "Inqanaba lomvuzo ayisiyonto yokuzikhusela ekuzibulaleni," utshilo uBradford. (Idibeneyo: UOlivia Munn uthumele nje umyalezo onamandla malunga nokuzibulala kwi-Instagram)

Kodwa ayinakuphikwa ukuba kuninzi lwabanye abantu abasokolayo kwilizwe liphela, iindleko zinokuba yinto emi endleleni yabo. Oku kungenxa yelahleko yenkxaso-mali karhulumente yezibonelelo zempilo yengqondo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, utshilo uMcClanahan. Ukusukela kuqoqosho lwango-2008, amazwe athe anciphisa i-4 yezigidigidi zeedola kwinkxaso mali kwezi nkonzo. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba unyango luyabanceda abantu abaneengxaki zengqondo, kodwa asinakho ukubanceda abantu ukuba abanako ukufumana unyango, utshilo.

Umba weTekhnoloji

Omnye unobangela usenokuba zizinto nje eziyimfuneko kubomi bethu namhlanje, utsho uFranklin. Njengoko unokuthekelela, ukuvuka kwaye ujonge i-imeyile, i-Twitter, i-Instagram, i-Facebook, kunye ne-Snapchat-ngokuphindaphindiweyo-ayenzi ncam imimangaliso kwimpilo yakho yengqondo.

"Inkcubeko yethu yasentshona ibeka inani elikhulu lokuthembela kwitekhnoloji kunye ne-hyperconnectivity, ekhokelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili oxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo," utshilo uFranklin. "Iinkqubo zethu zomzimba azifakwanga ukuze zifumane ubungakanani bomsebenzi kunye neemfuno zobomi esizilindeleyo ezingqondweni nasemizimbeni yethu yonke imihla."

Imidiya yoluntu ingaba yikrele elibukhali kabini, utsho u-Ashley Hampton, Ph.D., isazi sengqondo kunye nomqeqeshi wezoshishino. Ngelixa ikuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelane nabanye, olu nxibelelwano lwenyani luhlala lungaphaya kwaye alukuniki iimvakalelo ezifanayo ezifudumeleyo kunye ne-fuzzy ye-oxytocin yokunxibelelana komntu.

Ukubona kuphela oko kuboniswe kuwe-ngamanye amagama, "i-reel ephezulu"-inokukwenza uzive ukhathazekile ngobomi bakho, wongeza u-Hampton. Kwaye "inkcubeko ye-hookup" eqhutyelwa yi-apps yokuthandana ayikuncedi ncam ukuba uzive uxatyisiwe, njengoko bethanda ukubonisa abantu njengento enokutshintshelwa kwenye into yokuswayipha, uphawula uMcClanahan.

Okokugqibela, ukuthelekisa rhoqo ukuba amajelo eendaba ezentlalo akumema ukuba wenze kukhokelela kumngcipheko wokuzithemba ophantsi kunye neempawu zokudakumba. UFranklin ubona oku rhoqo kwinkqubo yakhe yonyango lwengqondo esekwe kwingqondo. "Ndibona ulutsha oluwela kwimeko yokudakumba xa lungafumani 'ukuthandwa' okuninzi kwi-Instagram iifoto zabo njengoontanga abasondeleyo," utsho. Kwaye le mvakalelo yokuziva uphantsi inokukhokelela kuxinzelelo, olunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuzibulala."

Intaphane Yezinye Izinto

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela "zininzi izinto ezididayo ezinegalelo kwisigqibo somntu sokuzibulala esizaziyo kwabo bangazigqibeli ukuzibulala," utsho uHampton.

Nangona uphando oluthile luye lwacebisa ukuba abaninzi njenge-90 ekhulwini labantu abafa ngokuzibulala yenza unesifo sengqondo, iindlela zophando kwezi zifundo zinokubonakala zinamaphutha, utshilo uHampton. Zininzi izinto ezinobungozi bokuzibulala ngaphaya kokugula ngengqondo.

Umzekelo, ezinye ukuzibulala zinokuba ngengozi, utsho uHampton. "Oku kunokwenzeka xa umntu enxilile, umzekelo, kwaye udlala ngompu olayishiwe okanye enze ezinye izigqibo eziyingozi." Ezinye izinto zinokubandakanya iziganeko ezibi kubomi bomntu, njengokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukuxelwa kwindlu, ukusweleka komntu omthandayo, okanye isifo esibi, utshilo. (U-Hampton ukwabonisa ukwanda kokuzibulala njengokhetho xa kufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo, njengokuzibulala ngokuncediswa ngugqirha.)

Imeko yezopolitiko yelizwe ngokubanzi inokuba nefuthe, utshilo uHampton, njengoko ukungakhathali kunokuziva kunzima kubantu esele befumana ubunzima, okanye ukugula ngengqondo.

Qalisa Isilumkiso: Inkalo eyosulelayo yokuzibulala

Xa umntu osesidlangalaleni ethatha ubomi bakhe, kukho umngcipheko wento ebizwa ngokuba "yi-copycat suicides" okanye "i-suicide suicide" emva kokugqithiswa kweendaba. Olu luvo luxhaswa bubungqina be-anecdotal kunye nenani lezifundo zophando, utshilo uHampton. Kukho ubungqina bokuba oku kuyenzeka ngoku: Iminxeba yokuzibulala iselfowuni inyuke ngepesenti ye-65 emva kokubhubha kukaSpade kunye neBourdain.

Le nto yaziwa ngokuba sisiphumo sikaWerther, esithiywe ngegama leqhawe kwinoveli ka-1774 kaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, Intlungu kaWerther. Eli bali lilandela umfana ozibulalayo ngenxa yothando olungazenzisiyo. Emva kokuba incwadi ipapashiwe, kuye kwakho ukwanda kokuzibulala phakathi kwabafana abancinci.

Amathuba okuzibulala kwabakhupheli ayonyuswa ngokuxelwa kweendaba "kukuzukisa" ukusweleka, kubandakanya iinkcukacha zomdlalo obabazekayo, kunye / okanye uqhubeke ixesha elide, utshilo uHampton. Oku kusisiseko somsindo ojikeleze umboniso weNetflix Izizathu ezili-13 zokuba kutheni, nto leyo abanye abagxeki abathe mayirhoxiswe. (Idibeneyo: Iingcali zithetha ngokuchasene "nezizathu ezili-13 zokuba kutheni" egameni lokuthintela ukuzibulala)

Indlela yokuthatha inyathelo

Kubonakala ngathi ngumcimbi omkhulu wokujongana nawo. Kodwa uxhobe ngolwazi lweempawu zokuzibulala, indlela yokuphendula, kunye nendawo yokufumana uncedo-nokuba uziva uphantsi okanye wazi umntu okhoyo-wonke umntu unokunceda kwaye ufumane uncedo.

Ke, kufuneka ujonge ntoni? Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuzibulala zinokwahluka, utshilo uHampton. Abanye abantu banokuziva bedandathekile ziimvakalelo ezibuhlungu zosizi, iingxaki zokulala, iimvakalelo zokuziva benetyala kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, kunye / okanye ukurhoxa kwabanye.

Ngokutsho kweCDC, le yimiqondiso eli-12 yokuba umntu unokucinga ngokuzibulala:

• Ndiziva ngathi ngumthwalo
• Ukuba wedwa
• Ukwanda koxinzelelo
• Ndiziva ndibanjisiwe okanye ndinentlungu enganyamezelekiyo
• Ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Ukujonga indlela yokufikelela kwiindlela ezibulalayo
• Ukunyuka komsindo okanye umsindo
• Utshintsho olukhulu kwiimvakalelo
• Ukubonisa ukungabi nathemba
• Ukulala kancinci okanye kakhulu
• Ukuthetha okanye ukuthumela ngokufuna ukufa
• Ukwenza izicwangciso zokuzibulala

Ukuba uziva ngathi umntu unokuba semngciphekweni wokuzibulala, landela la manyathelo mahlanu, achazwe liphulo lokuthintela ukuzibulala #BeThe1To:

1. Buza imibuzo. Imibuzo efana no "Ngaba ucinga ngokuzibulala?" okanye "Ndinganceda njani?" unxibelelana ukuba uvulelekile ukuba ungathetha ngayo. Qiniseka ukuba ubuza ngendlela engagwetywanga, kwaye ukubuya, mamela. Zama ukumamela kungekuphela nje izizathu zabo zokucinga ngokuthatha ubomi babo, kodwa bamamele nezizathu zokuhlala uphilile onokuzibonisa.
2. Zigcine zikhuselekile. Okulandelayo, fumanisa ukuba bathabathe nawaphi na amanyathelo okuzibulala. Ngaba banaso isicwangciso esithile? Ngaba nawaphi na amanyathelo athathiweyo? Ukuba banokufikelela kwizinto ezifana nompu okanye iipilisi, tsalela abasemagunyeni okanye iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline, edweliswe ngezantsi.
3. Uza kubalapho. Nokuba ungakho ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nomntu okanye uhlale naye emnxebeni, ukuhlala nabo kunokubusindisa ngokoqobo ubomi bomntu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imeko "yokunxibelelana" nabanye abantu iyanceda ukuthintela indlela yokuzibulala, ngelixa imeko "yokuba phantsi" okanye ukwahlulwa ekuhlaleni yinto yokucinga ngokuzibulala.
4. Bancede baqhagamshelane. Okulandelayo, bancede bafumane abanye abanokubaxhasa ngamaxesha obunzima, ukuze baseke “umnatha wokhuseleko” obangqongileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya abanyangi, amalungu osapho, okanye eminye imithombo yenkxaso kuluntu lwabo.
5. Ukulandelisa. Nokuba yi-voicemail, isicatshulwa, ukufowuna, okanye utyelelo, landela ukwazisa loo mntu ukuba ukhathalele ukuba baqhuba njani, baqhubeke nengqondo yabo "yokunxibelelana."

Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo, uFranklin ucebisa ukuba uzinakekele-kwaye kungekhona nje uhlobo lwe-bubble-bath-and-facemask kind.

• Yiya kugqirha we "tune up" ngokweemvakalelo rhoqo. (Nantsi indlela yokwenza unyango lusebenze kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kunye nendlela yokufumana olona nyango lulungileyo kuwe.)
• Hlakulela uthungelwano olunothando, oluxhasayo lwabahlobo kunye nosapho onokuthembela kulo xa ubomi buba shushu kwaye buhlungu.
• Ziqhelanise neyoga kunye nokucamngca. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zomzimba wengqondo zinciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba ngokutshintsha ubudlelwane bethu neendlela zokucinga ezingalunganga kunye nokutshintsha komzimba wethu, utshilo. (Nantsi xa umthambo unceda-kwaye xa kufuneka uthathe inyathelo eliya phambili.)
• Zivume iinzima zobomi. "Njengoluntu, kufuneka samkele iintlungu kunye nokubandezeleka kobomi ukuze kuthintelwe ukunamathela kwimfezeko," utshilo uFranklin. "Ukwamkela umzabalazo wobomi kuhlonipha ukuntsonkotha kwayo okutyebileyo endaweni yokuqhubela phambili ukudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba okusekelwe kwizithethe zenkcubeko yokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo."

Ukuba unengxaki yokucinga ngokuzibulala okanye uziva ucinezelekile kangangexesha elithile, fowunela iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-1-800-273-TALK (8255) ukuze uthethe nomntu oza kubonelela ngenkxaso yasimahla neyimfihlo iiyure ezingama-24. ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.

Uphengululo lwe