Yintoni ekufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho malunga nokunyanga umhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iimvavanyo endizakuzidinga?
• Loluphi uhlobo lonyango oluza kundinceda?
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Ugqirha
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango
• Ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza wesinyi?
• Uhlala ixesha elingakanani unyango lomhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi?
• Zisebenza kangakanani unyango lomhlaza wesinyi?
• Ngaba i-inshurensi igubungela unyango lomhlaza wesinyi esiphakamileyo?
• Ngaba ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kungandinceda ukuba ndilawule umhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi?
• Ukuthatha

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, abantu abaqikelelwa kuma-81,400 e-United States bayakufunyaniswa benomhlaza wesinyi ngo-2020.

I-Urothelial carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesinyi. Xa isasazeka ngaphaya kwesinyi, inokubhekiswa kuyo njengemastastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).

Ukufumana isifo somhlaza wesinyi esihamba phambili kunokuziva kunzima. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba unyango luyafumaneka kuwo onke amabakala omhlaza wesinyi.

Unyango olunokukhethwa kusenzelwa umhlaza wesinyi esesele ihambile lunokwahluka kunaleyo yomhlaza kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Uhlobo lonyango alucebisayo ugqirha wakho luya kwahluka ngokuya apho umhlaza usebenze khona emzimbeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngokhetho lwakho nogqirha wakho.

Nantsi eminye imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho malunga nokunyanga umhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo endizakuzidinga?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukholelwa ukuba umhlaza ufeze i-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu, banokucebisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukumisela inqanaba lomhlaza kunye nokufumana apho usasazeka khona.

Xa uqala ukufumanisa isifo, ugqirha wakho usenokuba wenze okanye wayalela uvavanyo, kubandakanya:

• uvavanyo lomzimba, ukujonga naziphi na izigaqa okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga
• isampuli yokuchama, ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza
• i-cystoscopy, ukujonga ngaphakathi kwi-urethra yokungaqhelekanga
• i-biopsy, ukususa isuntswana lesicubu esinyini ukuvavanya umhlaza
• ipyramogram efakwa emithanjeni, okanye uhlobo lweX-reyi ukunceda ukufumanisa apho umhlaza ukuyo

Xa umhlaza wesinyi usasazeka, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezinje:

• Imifanekiso yokucinga, efana nokuvavanywa kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, okanye ukuskena kwe-PET, ukufumanisa indawo yeeseli zomhlaza
• ukuskenwa kwamathambo, ukuba unentlungu edibeneyo engachazwanga, ukumisela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na emathanjeni
• iX-reyi, ukuba ngaba uneempawu zokuphefumla, ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni

Loluphi uhlobo lonyango oluza kundinceda?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuncoma isicwangciso sonyango esekwe kwinqanaba lomhlaza. Umhlaza wesinyi esisezingeni eliphambili okanye we-metastatic uneendlela ezimbalwa zokonyango kunamanqanaba angaphambili omhlaza wesinyi. Izinketho zakho zingabandakanya:

Unyango ngamayeza

Unyango lodidi lokuqala lomhlaza wesinyi esisecaleni yi-chemotherapy drug cisplatin, enokunceda ukuyeka iiseli zomhlaza ekuveliseni kwakhona.

Ugqirha wakho unokuncoma i-chemotherapy yedwa okanye ngokudibanisa nokuhlinzwa okanye i-radiation. I-Chemotherapy inokubulala ezinye iiseli zomhlaza kwaye inciphise amathumba, yenze kube lula ukuwususa umhlaza ngexesha lotyando.

Ugqirha

Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomhlaza, emva kokugqiba ichemotherapy, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yi-cystectomy ukususa konke okanye inxenye yesinyi.

Kwi-cystectomy, emva kokuba isinyi sisuswe, ugqirha uya kwenza enye inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kukuphambukisa komchamo. Baza kwenza indawo yokugcina ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuqokelela umchamo kwaye emva koko benze ityhubhu entsha ukuze umchamo uphume emzimbeni.

Emva kotyando, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukongezwa kwechemotherapy ukususa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

Kanye kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlinzwa, umhlaza wesisu ophucukileyo unokuphendula kwi-immunotherapy. Olu hlobo lonyango lusebenzisa amajoni akho omzimba ukulwa umhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kungakunika ukufikelela kunyango olutsha lokulinga. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zikwanomngcipheko. Unyango lovavanyo lunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaziwayo, kwaye lusenokungasebenzi.

Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi, cela ugqirha wakho. Banokuthetha nawe malunga nokuba ungangumgqatswa olungileyo. Banokuba nolwazi malunga nendlela yokufikelela kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kwimeko yakho.

Ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza wesinyi?

Unyango lomhlaza wesinyi unezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya nokwandisa ubomi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango luneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuzilawula.

I-Chemotherapy ayibulali nje iiseli zomhlaza. Ikwabulala neeseli ezisempilweni. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zechemotherapy zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kweenwele
• ukwanda kwengozi yosulelo
• ianemia
• isicaphucaphu
• ukuqhina
• ukudinwa

Utyando luza neengozi ezithile, ezinjengosulelo kunye nokulahleka kwegazi.

I-Immunotherapy inokuba nohlu lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-immunotherapy esetyenzisiweyo. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukudumba
• ukucheba
• irhashalala
• intlungu

Abanye abantu bakwakhula neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nge-immunotherapy.

Uhlala ixesha elingakanani unyango lomhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi?

Unyango olukhethwa ngumhlaza wesinyi esingezantsi luyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ubude bonyango buxhomekeke kwiinjongo zonyango ngokubanzi.

Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi bafumana ichemotherapy kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12, kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukunciphisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Ubungakanani bexesha le-immunotherapy buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kunyango.

Umzekelo, unokufumana unyango yonke imihla kangangeeveki ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 ze emva koko uthathe ixesha lokuphumla ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwakhona unyango.

Unyango lunokwandisa ubomi kubantu abaphila nomhlaza wesinyi oqhubela phambili. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo sithanda ukuqhubela phambili.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqhubeke ufumana unyango ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngononophelo. Ungaqhubeka nokunyanga umhlaza ngelixa ufumana ukhathalelo lokunyanga, ithi i-Bladder Care Advocacy Network (BCAN).

Ukhathalelo lokuthambisa lujolise ekujonganeni nemeko yomzimba, yeemvakalelo kunye neyasentlalweni.

Inokunyanga iimpawu ezithile zomzimba, ezinje nge-nausea kunye nokudinwa. Inokukunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wakho wobomi kwaye ikuncede ulawule uxinzelelo olunxulumene nemeko.

Zisebenza kangakanani unyango lomhlaza wesinyi?

Okwangoku akukho lunyango lomhlaza wesinyi. Ngomhlaza wesinyi osasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 liipesenti ezi-5, ngokweNational Cancer Institute.

Iinjongo zonyango ngeli nqanaba zihlala zi:

• ukucothisa ukusasazeka komhlaza
• nciphisa ubungakanani beendawo ezichaphazelekayo
• yandisa ubomi bakho ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka
• kukwenze wonwabe

Ngaba i-inshurensi igubungela unyango lomhlaza wesinyi esiphakamileyo?

Ngokubanzi, izicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo zigubungela unyango lomhlaza, kodwa azinakho ukuhlawula iindleko zonke. Izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zinokugubungela izixa ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezinye azinakho ukugubungela iintlobo ezithile zonyango, ngakumbi unyango lokulinga.

Umzekelo, umgaqo-nkqubo weinshurensi yezempilo uya kugubungela iindleko ze:

• ichemotherapy
• imitha
• utyando

Unokuba nokutsalwa, isixa-mali osibhatalayo ngaphandle kwe-inshurensi yakho.

Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo yeinshurensi ayigubungeli i-immunotherapy.

Ukufumana olu hlobo lonyango, umboneleli wakho weinshurensi kuya kufuneka aluvume olu nyango. Thetha nenkampani yakho yeinshurensi yezempilo ukuze uqonde ngcono isigubungelo sakho.

Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, inkampani yakho yeinshurensi iyakuthi igubungele izinto ezinje ngotyelelo oluqhelekileyo loogqirha.

Ityala ngokwalo liza kuhlala lihlawula iindleko zonyango lovavanyo, naluphi na utyelelo logqirha olongezelelekileyo, okanye naluphi na uvavanyo ekufuneka lwenziwe njengenxalenye yesifundo.

Ngaba ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kungandinceda ukuba ndilawule umhlaza wesinyi esisezantsi?

Kunye nokulandela isicwangciso sonyango, utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila lunokwenza ukuba ube lula nomhlaza wesinyi oqhubela phambili. Nokuba unamandla amancinci kunye namandla, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzive ungcono.

Umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni, okunesondlo kunokukunceda ugcine amandla akho omzimba kunye nokunyusa amajoni akho omzimba.

Isistim somzimba esomeleleyo sinokukunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ulwe nosulelo, olubaluleke kakhulu xa usenyangeni.

Abanye abantu bafumana izongezo zokutya ziluncedo ngelixa bafumana unyango lomhlaza. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe izongezo zokutya.

Ukuhlala usebenza ngokwasemzimbeni kubalulekile. Ukuzilolonga kunokunceda:

• phucula indlela ojonga ngayo izinto
• phucula umgangatho wokulala kwakho
• yandisa amandla akho

Ukuba uyatshaya, kwaye awukabikho, kuya kufuneka uyeke nokutshaya. Iikhemikhali ezifumaneka kumdiza wecuba kunye nomsi wecuba unokuqokelelana kumchamo wakho kwaye kubangele nomnye umonakalo kwisinyi sakho.

Ukuthatha

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesinyi esiphakamileyo kunokuza njengomothuko.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda:

• shwabanisa amathumba
• yandisa ubomi bakho
• phucula umgangatho wobomi bakho

Kubalulekile ukusebenza nogqirha wakho kwaye nixoxe ngezinto enizikhethayo. Qinisekisa ukuba uyaziqonda iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango ngalunye, kunye nezinto onokuzilindela ngaphambili, ngexesha, nasemva konyango.