Intsholongwane kaZika xa ukhulelwe: iimpawu, umngcipheko wosana kunye nokuba luchongwa njani

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zika virus xa ukhulelwe
• Iingozi kunye neengxaki zomntwana
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• 1. Uvavanyo lweemolekyuli zePCR
• 2. Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweZika
• 3. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lweDengue, iZika kunye neChikungunya
• Ungazikhusela njani kwiZika xa ukhulelwe

Usulelo nge-Zika virus ekukhulelweni lubonisa umngcipheko emntwaneni, kuba intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuwela i-placenta kwaye ifikelele kwingqondo yomntwana kwaye ibeke esichengeni ukukhula kwayo, okukhokelela kwi-microcephaly kunye nolunye utshintsho lwe-neurological, njengokungabikho kolungelelwaniso lweemoto kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo .

Olu sulelo luchongwa ngemiqondiso kunye neempawu ezithiwe thaca ngumfazi okhulelweyo, njengokuvela kwamabala abomvu eluswini, umkhuhlane, iintlungu nokudumba emalungwini, kunye novavanyo ekufuneka lubonisiwe ngugqirha kwaye luvumele Ukuchongwa kwesigulana

Iimpawu zika virus xa ukhulelwe

Umfazi osulelwe yintsholongwane kaZika ngexa lokukhulelwa uneempawu kunye neempawu ezifanayo naye wonke umntu osulelwe yintsholongwane, njengale:

• Amabala abomvu eluswini;
• Ukurhawuzelela umzimba;
• Ifiva;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ubomvu emehlweni;
• Intlungu edibeneyo;
• Ukudumba emzimbeni;
• Ubuthathaka.

Ixesha lokufukama kwintsholongwane yintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-14, oko kukuthi, iimpawu zokuqala ziqala ukubonakala emva kwelo xesha kwaye zihlala zinyamalala emva kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba iimpawu ziyanyamalala, kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini aye kugqirha wababhinqileyo okanye isifo esosulelayo ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo kwaye nomngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane usana luqinisekiswe.

Nangona ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yomntwana kukhulu xa umama eneZika kwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, umntwana unokuchaphazeleka nakweliphi na inqanaba lokukhulelwa. Yiyo loo nto bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bekhatshwa ngoogqirha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye kufuneka bazikhusele kwingcongconi ukunqanda ukubamba iZika, ukongeza kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom, xa iqabane libonisa iimpawu zeZika.

Iingozi kunye neengxaki zomntwana

Intsholongwane yeZika iyakwazi ukuwela ipascenta ize ifikelele emntwaneni kwaye, njengoko inesimo senkqubo yovalo, iya kwingqondo yosana, iphazamise ukukhula kwayo kwaye ikhokelela kwi-microcephaly, ebonakaliswa yipherimeter yentloko encinci kune-33. iisentimitha. Njengomphumo wokungakhuli kakuhle kwengqondo, umntwana unokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunzima ukubona kunye nokusilela koququzelelo lweemoto.

Nangona umntwana enokufikelelwa nakweliphi na inqanaba lokukhulelwa, umngcipheko mkhulu xa usulelo lukamama lwenzeka kwiitrimes zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kuba umntwana usekwinqanaba lokukhula, enengozi enkulu yokuphuma kwesisu kunye nokufa komntwana nokuba kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zesibeleko, ngelixa kwiitrimes zokuqala zokukhulelwa umntwana sele ebunjiwe, ngenxa yoko intsholongwane inefuthe elincinci.

Ekuphela kweendlela zokwazi ukuba ngaba umntwana une-microcephaly ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound apho kunokujongwa khona indawo encinci yengqondo kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bentloko kwakamsinya emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, akukho vavanyo lunokufakazela ukuba intsholongwane yeZika ibikhona kwigazi lomntwana nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Izifundo ezenziweyo ziqinisekisile ubukho bentsholongwane kwi-amniotic fluid, i-serum, izicubu zobuchopho kunye ne-CSF yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa abane-microcephaly, ebonisa ukuba kukho usulelo.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Olona hlobo lusasazekayo lwentsholongwane yeZika kukulunywa yingcongconi yeAedes aegypti, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane idluliselwe isuka kumama iye emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Amatyala osulelo lwentsholongwane kaZika ngokudibana okungakhuselekanga ngokwesini nawo achaziwe, kodwa le ndlela yosasazo kusafuneka iphinde ifundwe ukuze iqinisekiswe.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kweZika xa ukhulelwe kufuneka kwenziwe ngugqirha ngokujonga ukuphononongwa kweempawu kunye neempawu ezinikezelwa ngumntu, kunye nokwenza uvavanyo oluthile. Kubalulekile ukuba uvavanyo lwenziwe ngexesha leempawu, ezinethuba elikhulu lokuchonga intsholongwane ejikelezayo.

Olona vavanyo luphambili lwaziyo ukufumanisa ukuba umntu uneZika zezi:

1. Uvavanyo lweemolekyuli zePCR

Uvavanyo lweemolekyuli lolona lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuchongeni usulelo lwentsholongwane yeZika, kuba ukongeza ekubonakaliseni ubukho okanye ukungabikho kosulelo, ikwazisa nenani lokujikeleza kwegciwane, elibalulekileyo ekuboniseni unyango ngugqirha.

Uvavanyo lwe-PCR lunokuchonga amasuntswana egciwane egazini, kwi-placenta nakwi-amniotic fluid. Isiphumo sifumaneka ngokulula xa sisenziwa ngelixa umntu eneempawu zesifo, esahluka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10. Emva kweli xesha, amajoni omzimba alwa nentsholongwane kwaye ezona ntsholongwane zikhona kwezi zicwili, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukufikelela kwisifo.

Xa iziphumo zingenanto, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho zintsholongwane ze-Zika zafunyanwa egazini, kwi-placenta okanye kwi-amniotic fluid, kodwa umntwana une-microcephaly, ezinye izizathu zesi sifo kufuneka ziphandwe. Yazi oonobangela be-microcephaly.

Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukwazi ukuba ngaba lo mfazi uneZika ixesha elide kangangokuba amajoni omzimba sele ekwazile ukususa yonke imizila yentsholongwane emzimbeni. Oku kungacaciswa kuphela ngokwenza olunye uvavanyo oluvavanya ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngokuchasene ne-virus yeZika, ezingekabikho okwangoku, nangona abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela besebenza koku.

2. Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweZika

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lweZika lwenziwa ngenjongo yovavanyo, njengoko ibonisa kuphela ukuba asikho na isifo esisekwe kuvavanyo lokujikeleza kweentsholongwane emzimbeni ngokuchasene nentsholongwane. Kwimeko yeziphumo ezincumisayo, ukusebenza kovavanyo lweemolekyuli kuyaboniswa, ngelixa kuvavanyo olubi isincomo kukuphinda uvavanyo kwaye, ukuba kukho iimpawu kunye novavanyo olukhawulezileyo olubi, uvavanyo lweemolekyuli luyaboniswa.

3. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lweDengue, iZika kunye neChikungunya

Njengoko iDengue, iZika kunye neChikungunya zibangela iimpawu ezifanayo, olunye lweemvavanyo ezinokwenziwa elebhu luvavanyo lokwahluka kwezi zifo, oluqulathe izixhobo ezithile zesenzi kwisifo ngasinye kwaye zibonelela ngeziphumo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweeyure ezi-2.

Bona ngakumbi malunga nokuchongwa kukaZika.

Ungazikhusela njani kwiZika xa ukhulelwe

Ukuzikhusela kunye nokuphepha iZika, abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezinde ezigubungela isikhumba kwaye basebenzise izinto ezigxothayo yonke imihla ukugcina iingcongconi zingabikho. Jonga ukuba zeziphi izinto zokugxotha eziboniswa kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ezinye izicwangciso ezinokuba luncedo kukutyala i-citronella okanye ukukhanyisa i-citronella ngamakhandlela amnandi kufutshane kuba zigcina iingcongconi kude. Ukutyala imali ekutyeni ukutya okunotye ivithamin B1 kuyanceda ukugcina iingcongconi zikude ngoba kuguqula ivumba lolusu, kuthintela iingcongconi ekutsaleni ngumnuko wazo.